ISO/IEC 19989-3:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19989-3
First edition
2020-09
Information security — Criteria and
methodology for security evaluation
of biometric systems —
Part 3:
Presentation attack detection
Sécurité de l'information — Critères et méthodologie pour
l'évaluation de la sécurité des systèmes biométriques —
Partie 3: Détection d'attaque de présentation
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2020
© ISO/IEC 2020
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ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 General remark . 5
6 Overview of PAD testing in Class ATE and Class AVA . 5
6.1 Objectives and principles . 5
6.1.1 Class ATE. 5
6.1.2 Class AVA . 6
6.2 PAIs used in testing activities . 6
6.2.1 Class ATE. 6
6.2.2 Class AVA . 6
6.3 Testing activities . 6
6.3.1 Class ATE. 6
6.3.2 Class AVA . 7
6.4 Criteria of pass/failure . 7
7 Supplementary activities to ISO/IEC 18045 on tests (ATE) . 7
7.1 Testing approach toward PAD . 7
7.2 Metrics for PAD testing . 8
7.2.1 General. 8
7.2.2 Metrics used for PAD subsystem TOEs . 9
7.2.3 Metrics used for data capture subsystem TOEs . 9
7.2.4 Metrics used for other TOEs .10
7.3 Minimum test sizes and maximum error rates .10
8 Supplementary activities to ISO/IEC 18045 on vulnerability assessment (AVA) .11
8.1 Penetration testing using PAI variations .11
8.2 Potential vulnerabilities .12
8.3 Rating of vulnerabilities and TOE resistance .12
Annex A (informative) Examples of calculations of attack potential .13
Bibliography .18
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 19989 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Biometric systems can be vulnerable to presentation attacks where attackers attempt to subvert the
system security policy by presenting their natural biometric characteristics or artefacts holding copied
or faked characteristics. Presentation attacks can occur during enrolment or identification/verification
events. Techniques designed to detect presentation artefacts are generally different from those to detect
attacks where natural characteristics are used. Defence against presentation attacks with natural
characteristics typically relies on the ability of a biometric system to discriminate between genuine
enrolees and attackers based on the differences between their natural biometric characteristics. This
ability is characterized by the biometric recognition performance of the system. Biometric recognition
performance and presentation attack detection have a bearing on the security of biometric systems.
Hence, the evaluation of these aspects of performance from a security viewpoint will become important
considerations for the procurement of biometric products and systems.
Biometric products and systems share many of the properties of other IT products and systems which
are amenable to security evaluation using the ISO/IEC 15408 series and ISO/IEC 18045 in the regular
way. However, biometric systems embody certain functionality that needs specialized evaluation
criteria and methodology which is not addressed by the ISO/IEC 15408 series and ISO/IEC 18045.
Mainly, these relate to the evaluation of biometric recognition and presentation attack detection. These
are the functions addressed in this document.
ISO/IEC 19792 describes these biometric-specific aspects and specifies principles to be considered
during the security evaluation of biometric systems. However, it does not specify the concrete criteria
and methodology that are needed for security evaluation based on the ISO/IEC 15408 series.
The ISO/IEC 19989 series provides a bridge between the evaluation principles for biometric products
and systems defined in ISO/IEC 19792 and the criteria and methodology requirements for security
evaluation based on the ISO/IEC 15408 series. The ISO/IEC 19989 series supplements the ISO/IEC 15408
series and ISO/IEC 18045 by providing extended security functional requirements together with
assurance activities related to these requirements. The extensions to the requirements and assurance
activities found in the ISO/IEC 15408 series and ISO/IEC 18045 relate to the evaluation of biometric
recognition and presentation attack detection which are particular to biometric systems.
This document provides guidance and requirements to the developer and the evaluator for the
supplementary activities on presentation attack detection specified in ISO/IEC 19989-1. It builds on
the general considerations described in ISO/IEC 19792 and the presentation attack detection testing
methodology described in ISO/IEC 30107-3 by providing additional guidance to the evaluator.
In this document, the term "user" is used to mean the term "capture subject" used in biometrics.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19989-3:2020(E)
Information security — Criteria and methodology for
security evaluation of biometric systems —
Part 3:
Presentation attack detection
1 Scope
For security evaluation of biometric verification systems and biometric identification systems,
this document is dedicated to security evaluation of presentation attack detection applying the
ISO/IEC 15408 series. It provides recommendations and requirements to the developer and the evaluator
for the supplementary activities on presentation attack detection specified in ISO/IEC 19989-1.
This document is applicable only to TOEs for single biometric characteristic type but for the selection of
a characteristic from multiple characteristics.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008, Information technology — Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT
security — Part 3: Security assurance components
ISO/IEC 18045:2008, Information technology — Security techniques — Methodology for IT security
evaluation
,
ISO/IEC 19989-1:2020Information Technology — Security techniques — Criteria and methodology for
security evaluation of biometric systems – Part 1: framework
ISO/IEC 30107-3:2017, Information technology — Biometric presentation attack detection — Part 3:
Testing and reporting
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC
...