ISO/IEC 23912:2005

ISO/IEC
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
First edition
2005-11-01
Corrected version
2006-04-01
Information technology — 80 mm
(1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm
(4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable
Disk (DVD-R)
Technologies de l'information — Disque enregistrable DVD (DVD-R) de
80 mm (1,46 GB par face) et 120 mm (4,7 GB par face) de diamètre

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2005
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©  ISO/IEC 2005
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ii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Section 1 - General.1
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance.1
2.1 Optical Disk.1
2.2 Generating system .1
2.3 Receiving system .2
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Conventions and notations .4
5.1 Representation of numbers.4
5.2 Names.5
6 Acronyms.5
7 General description of a disk .6
8 General requirement .7
8.1 Environments.7
8.1.1 Test environment.7
8.1.2 Operating environment.7
8.1.3 Storage environment.8
8.1.4 Transportation .8
8.2 Safety requirements.9
8.3 Flammability.9
9 Reference measurement devices .9
9.1 Pick-Up Head (PUH) .9
9.1.1 PUH for measuring recorded disks .9
9.1.2 PUH for measuring unrecorded disks.11
9.2 Measurement conditions .12
9.2.1 Recorded and unrecorded disk .12
9.2.2 Recorded disk.12
9.2.3 Unrecorded disk .12
9.3 Normalized servo transfer function.12
9.4 Reference servo for axial tracking.13
9.5 Reference servo for radial tracking.14
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk.16
10 Dimensional characteristics.16
10.1 Overall dimensions .17
10.2 First transition area.18
10.3 Second transition area.18
10.4 Clamping Zone.18
10.5 Third transition area.18
10.6 R-Information Zone .19
10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the R-Information Zone.19
10.7 Information Zone .19
10.7.1 Sub-divisions of the Information zone.19
10.8 Track geometry.20
10.9 Channel bit length .20
10.10 Rim area .21
10.11 Remark on tolerances.21
10.12 Label.21
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved iii

11 Mechanical parameters . 22
11.1 Mass. 22
11.2 Moment of inertia. 22
11.3 Dynamic imbalance . 22
11.4 Sense of rotation. 22
11.5 Runout. 22
11.5.1 Axial runout. 22
11.5.2 Radial runout. 22
12 Optical parameters. 23
12.1 Recorded and unrecorded disk parameters .23
12.1.1 Index of refraction. 23
12.1.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate . 23
12.1.3 Angular deviation. 23
12.1.4 Birefringence of the transparent substrate. 24
12.2 Recorded disk reflectivity . 24
12.3 Unrecorded disk parameters. 24
12.3.1 Polarity of reflectivity modulation. 24
12.3.2 Recording power sensitivity variation. 24
Section 3 - Operational signals . 25
13 Operational signals for recorded disk. 25
13.1 Measurement conditions . 25
13.2 Read conditions. 25
13.3 Recorded disk high frequency (HF) signals . 25
13.3.1 Modulated amplitude. 25
13.3.2 Signal asymmetry . 26
13.3.3 Cross-track signal. 26
13.4 Quality of signals. 26
13.4.1 Jitter. 26
13.4.2 Random errors . 26
13.4.3 Defects. 26
13.5 Servo signals. 27
13.5.1 Differential phase tracking error signal. 27
13.5.2 Tangential push-pull signal . 27
13.6 Groove wobble signal . 29
14 Operational signals for the unrecorded disk . 30
14.1 Measurement conditions . 30
14.2 Recording conditions. 30
14.3 Basic write strategy for media testing. 30
14.3.1 Definition of the write pulse. 31
14.4 Servo signals. 31
14.4.1 Radial push-pull tracking error signal. 32
14.4.2 Defects. 33
14.5 Addressing signals. 33
14.5.1 Land Pre-Pit signal . 33
14.5.2 Groove wobble signal. 35
14.5.3 Relation in phase between wobble and Land Pre-Pit . 35
Section 4 - Data format. 37
15 General. 37
16 Data Frames. 37
16.1 Identification Data (ID). 38
16.2 ID Error Detection Code . 39
16.3 RSV. 39
16.4 Error Detection Code. 39
17 Scrambled Frames. 39
18 ECC Block configuration . 40
iv © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

19 Recording Frames.42
20 Modulation .43
21 Physical Sectors.43
22 Suppress control of the d.c. component .45
23 Linking scheme .46
23.1 Structure of linking.46
23.2 2K-Link and 32K-Link.47
23.3 Lossless-Link.47
Section 5 - Format of the Information Zone.50
24 General description of the Information Zone .50
24.1 Layout of the Information Zone .50
24.2 Physical Sector numbering .50
25 Lead-in and Lead-out Zone .51
25.1 Lead-in Zone.51
25.1.1 Initial Zone.52
25.1.2 Buffer Zone 0 .52
25.1.3 R-Physical Format Information Zone .52
25.1.4 Reference Code Zone.54
25.1.5 Buffer Zone 1 .54
25.1.6 Control Data Zone .55
25.1.7 Extra Border Zone .58
25.2 Lead-out Zone.58
Section 6 - Format of the Unrecorded Zone .59
26 General description of the Unrecorded Zone.59
26.1 Layout of the Unrecorded Zone .59
26.2 ECC Block address .59
26.3 ECC Block numbering.60
27 Pre-pit Data format .60
27.1 General description.60
27.2 Pre-pit block structure .62
27.3 Pre-pit data block configuration .64
27.3.1 Relative address.65
27.3.2 ECC Block address data configuration.66
27.3.3 Parity A and Parity B.66
27.3.4 Field ID0.67
27.3.5 Field ID1.68
27.3.6 Field ID2 and ID5.70
27.3.7 Field ID3 and Field ID4 .75
28 Data structure of R-Information Zone .77
28.1 Layout of Power Calibration Area and Recording Management Area .77
28.2 Structure of the Power Calibration Area.77
28.3 Data configuration of the Recording Management Area (RMA) .78
28.3.1 Sector format of the Recording Management Area .78
28.3.2 Recording Management Data (RMD) .79
Annex A (normative) Measurement of the angular deviation α .88
Annex B (normative) Measurement of birefringence .90
Annex C (normative) Measurement of the differential phase tracking error.93
Annex D (normative) Measurement of light reflectance .97
Annex E (normative) Tapered cone for disk clamping .99
Annex F (normative) Measurement of jitter.100
Annex G (normative) 8-to-16 Modulation with RLL (2,10) requirements.103
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved v

Annex H (normative) Optimum Power Control . 113
Annex J (normative) Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude. 115
Annex K (normative) Measurement methods for the operational signals for an unrecorded disk . 117
Annex L (normative) NBCA Code. 118
Annex M (normative) Border Zone . 124
Annex N (normative) Write Strategy variations . 133
Annex P (normative) Measurement method of the Land Pre-Pit signal . 134
Annex Q (informative) Transportation. 135

vi © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 23912 was prepared by ECMA (as ECMA-359) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track
procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval
by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
This corrected version of ISO/IEC 23912:2005 incorporates the following corrections:
⎯ description of Figure 20 corrected in 14.5.1;
⎯ data for Table 26 corrected in 28.3.2.1;
⎯ label for Figure F.3 corrected in F.4;
⎯ Figure J.1 in J.2 corrected;
⎯ on the third line of page 128 (M.3.1), the words "see Table M.2" replaced by "see Table M.3";
⎯ the text of the last line of page 130 (M.3.1) corrected.

© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved vii

Introduction
In June 2001 eleven members proposed to ECMA TC31 to develop a standard for 120 mm and 80 mm
DVD Recordable optical disks using Organic Dye recording technology and TC31 adopted this project.
In April 2004 ten members proposed to TC31 to restart this project and TC31 re-activated the work
that has resulted in this International Standard.
This International Standard specifies two Types of Recordable optical disks, one (Type 1S) making use
of recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 4,70 Gbytes for a 120 mm
disk and 1,46 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk, the other (Type 2S) making use of recording on both
sides of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 9,4 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk and 2,92 Gbytes for
an 80 mm disk.
viii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23912:2005(E)

Information technology — 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and
120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk (DVD-R)

Section 1 - General
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of an 80 mm and a
120 mm DVD Recordable disk to enable the interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the pre-
recorded, unrecorded and the recorded signals, the format of the data, the format of the information zone, the
format of the unrecorded zone, and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by
means of such disks. This disk is identified as a DVD Recordable (DVD-R) disk.
This International Standard specifies
− 80 mm and 120 mm nominal diameter disks that may be either single or double sided,
− the conditions for conformance,
− the environments in which the disk is to be operated and stored,
− the mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between
data processing systems,
− the format of the pre-recorded information on an unrecorded disk, including the physical disposition of the
tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method used,
− the format of the data and the recorded information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the
tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method used,
− the characteristics of the signals from pre-recorded and unrecorded areas on the disk, enabling data
processing systems to read the pre-recorded information and to write to the disks,
− the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read the data
from the disk.
This International Standard provides for interchange of disks between disk drives. Together with a standard
for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical Disk
A claim of conformance shall specify the type of the disk, i.e. its size and whether it is single-sided or double
sided. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it meets the mandatory
requirements specified for this type.
2.2 Generating system
A generating system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is
in accordance with 2.1.
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved 1

2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle an optical
disk according to 2.1.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1:
Latin alphabet No. 1
Part 2:
ISO/IEC 8859-2, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets —
Latin alphabet No. 2
ISO/IEC 8859-3, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 3:
Latin alphabet No. 3
Part 4:
ISO/IEC 8859-4, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets —
Latin alphabet No. 4
nd
ECMA-287, Safety of electronic equipment – 2 edition (December 2002)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
Block SYNC Guard Area
The recorded area in the first ECC block of the contiguous area of which recording is started from the
unrecorded area by using 32K-Link.
4.2
Border Zone
The linking region that prevents the pick-up head from over running on an unrecorded area when a disk is
played back in a partially recorded state.
4.3
Channel bit
The elements by which, after modulation, the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented on the disk by
marks.
4.4
Clamping Zone
The annular part of the disk within which a clamping force is applied by a clamping device.
4.5
Data Zone
The zone between the Lead-in Zone and the Lead-out Zone in which user data is recorded. In Border
recording mode, Border Zone is included in Data Zone.
4.6
Data Recordable Zone
The zone that is available to record user data.
4.7
Digital Sum Value (DSV)
The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to bits set to ONE and the
decimal value –1 to bits set to Zero.
4.8
Disk at once recording
A recording mode in which the Lead-in Zone, the user data and the Lead-out Zone are recorded sequentially.
2 © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

4.9
Disk Reference Plane
A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the
disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.10
ECC Block address
The address embossed on the land as the Pre-pit Information, which represents the absolute physical address
of the track used to define the recording position of each area. The address is equal to the bit-inverted
numbers from b to b of the Physical Sector Number recorded in the groove.
23 4
The "ECC Block address" definition is specific to this Standard.
NOTE
4.11
Error Correction Code (ECC)
A mathematical computation yielding check bytes used for the detection and correction of errors in data.
4.12
Error Detection Code (EDC)
A code designed to detect certain kinds of errors in data.
Error Detection Code consists of data and the error detection parity.
4.13
Finalization
The action in which the Lead-in Zone and the Lead-out Zone are recorded.
4.14
Groove
The wobbled guidance track.
4.15
Incremental recording
A recording mode in which the disk is recorded in several distinct recording operations (for example at
different times and using different recording drives). In this recording mode, the specified linking scheme shall
be used.
4.16
Information Zone
The zone comprising the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone.
4.17
Land
The area between the grooves.
4.18
Land Pre-Pit (LPP)
Pits embossed on the land during the manufacture of the disk substrate, which contain address information.
4.19
Lead-in Zone
The zone comprising Physical sectors adjacent to the inside of the Data Zone.
4.20
Lead-out Zone
The zone comprising Physical sectors adjacent to the outside of the Data Zone.
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved 3

4.21
Recording Management Area (RMA)
The area containing the Recording Management Data (RMD), situated adjacent to the inside of the Lead-in
Zone.
4.22
Recording Management Data (RMD)
The information about the recording on the disk, including information on each recording mode.
4.23
R-Information Zone
The zone comprising the Power Calibration Area (PCA) and the Recording Management Area (RMA).
4.24
RZone
Continuous ECC blocks assigned to user data during Incremental recording mode and Restricted Overwrite
mode.
4.25
Sector
The smallest addressable part of a track in the information zone of a disk that can be accessed independently
of other addressable parts.
4.26
Substrate
A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording or recorded layer, through
which the optical beam accesses the recordable / recorded layer.
4.27
Track
A 360° turn of a continuous spiral of recorded marks or groove.
4.28
Track pitch
The distance between adjacent average physical track centrelines of the wobbled grooves for the unrecorded
disk, or between adjacent physical track centrelines of the successive recorded marks for the recorded disk,
measured in the radial direction.
4.29
Zone
An annular area of the disk.
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance,
it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02
allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most
significant bit shown to the left.
4 © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement.
In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first
and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb)
(8n-1)
and bit b the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b is recorded first.
(8n-1)
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, areas, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.
6 Acronyms
AP Amplitude of the land Pre-Pit signal (without wobble amplitude)
AR Aperture Ratio (of the Land Pre-Pit after recording)
BP Byte Position
BPF Band Pass Filter
CLV Constant Linear Velocity
CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio
DCC DC Component suppress control
DSV Digital Sum Value
ECC Error Correction Code
EDC Error Detection Code
HF High Frequency
ID Identification Data
LA Lead-out Attribute
IED ID Error Detection (code)
LPF Low-Pass Filter
LPP Land Pre-Pit
LSB Least Significant Byte
lsb least significant bit
MSB Most Significant Byte
msb most significant bit
NBCA Narrow Burst Cutting Area
NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted
OPC Optimum Power Control
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved 5

PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
PCA Power Calibration Area
PI Parity (of the) Inner (code)
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PO Parity (of the) Outer (code)
PSN Physical Sector Number
PUH Pick-Up Head
RBP Relative Byte Position
RBW Resolution Bandwidth
RESYNC Re-Synchronization
RMA Recording Management Area
RMD Recording Management Data
RS Reed-Solomon (code)
SYNC Synchronization
7 General description of a disk
The 80 mm and 120 mm optical disks that are the subject of this International Standard consist of two
substrates bonded together by an adhesive layer, so that the recording layer (single-sided disk) or recording
layers (double-sided disk) are on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the centre
hole of the assembled disk on the side currently read. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. The DVD
Recordable Disk (DVD-R) may be either double-sided or single-sided with respect to the number of recording
layers. A double-sided disk has a recording layer on the inside of each substrate. A single-sided disk has one
substrate with the recording layer on the inside and a dummy substrate without a recording layer. A recorded
disk provides for the data to be read many times by an optical beam of a drive. Figure 1 shows schematically
a double-sided (Type 2S) and a single-sided (Type 1S) disk.
Type 1S consists of a substrate, a single recording layer, an adhesive layer, and a dummy substrate. The
recording layer can be accessed from one side only. The nominal capacity is 1,46 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk
and 4,70 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk.
Type 2S consists of two substrates, two recording layers, and an adhesive layer. From one side of the disk
only one recording layer can be accessed. The nominal total capacity is 2,92 Gbytes for an 80 mm disk and
9,40 Gbytes for a 120 mm disk.
6 © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

Dummy substrate
Adhesive layer
Type
1S
Recording layer
Substrate
Entrance surface
Entrance surface
Substrate
Recording layer
Adhesive layer
Type
2S
Recording layer
Substrate
Entrance surface
Figure 1 - Disk outline
8 General requirement
8.1 Environments
8.1.1 Test environment
The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk has the following
properties.
a) For dimensional measurements b) For other measurements
temperature : 23 °C ± 2 °C 15 °C to 35 °C
relative humidity : 45 % to 55 % 45 % to 75 %
atmospheric pressure : 86 kPa to 106 kPa 86 kPa to 106 kPa
Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment.
8.1.2 Operating environment
This International Standard requires that an optical disk which meets all mandatory requirements of this
International Standard in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges
of environmental parameters in the operating environment.
Disks used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions, when mounted in the drive
supplied with voltage and measured on the outside surface of the disk.
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved 7

8.1.2.1 Environmental conditions during reading
The disk exposed to storage conditions shall be conditioned in the operating environment for at least two
hours before operating.
temperature : -25 °C to 70 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 95 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 0,5 g/m to 60 g/m
temperature gradient : 15 °C/h max.
relative humidity gradient : 10 %/h max.
There shall be no condensation of moisture on the disk.
8.1.2.2 Environmental conditions during recording
The disk exposed to storage conditions shall be conditioned in the recording environment for at least two
hours before operating.
temperature : -5 °C to 55 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 95 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 0,5 g/m to 30 g/m
There shall be no condensation of moisture on the disk.
8.1.3 Storage environment
The storage environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk shall have
the following properties.
temperature : -20 °C to 50 °C
relative humidity : 5 % to 90 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 75 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature variation : 15 °C /h max.
relative humidity variation : 10 %/h max.
8.1.4 Transportation
This International Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in Annex Q.
8 © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

8.2 Safety requirements
The disk shall satisfy the requirements of Standard ECMA-287, when used in the intended manner or in any
foreseeable use in an information system.
8.3 Flammability
The disk shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as
specified in Standard ECMA-287.
9 Refe
...