ISO/IEC TR 19758:2003

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
First edition
2003-04-01
Information technology — Document
description and processing languages —
DSSSL library for complex compositions
Technologies de l'information — Description de document et langages
de traitement — Bibliothèque DSSSL pour compositions complexes

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2003
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO/IEC 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword.v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Formatting objects and properties. 4
4.1 Paper size. 4
4.2 Paper placement. 4
4.3 Unit. 4
4.4 Basic composition style. 5
4.5 Model of basic composition style . 5
4.5.1 Position of image area on a paper . 5
4.5.2 Models of basic composition styles . 5
4.6 Font. 8
4.7 Unit of character size. 8
4.8 Headline. 8
4.8.1 Number of headlines. 8
4.8.2 Position of headline. 8
4.8.3 Contents of headline. 8
4.9 Page Number. 8
4.10 Note. 9
4.10.1 Type of note. 9
4.10.2 Reference Mark. 10
4.11 Inlinenote. 11
4.12 Emphasizing mark. 11
4.13 Superscript / Subscript (Superior / Inferior ). 11
4.14 Word-length adjustment. 12
4.15 Character space adjustment. 12
4.16 Clause. 13
4.16.1 Ordered clause. 13
4.16.2 Unordered clause. 13
4.16.3 Indentation of clause . 14
4.17 List. 14
4.17.1 Ordered list. 14
4.17.2 Unordered list. 14
4.17.3 Indentation of list . 14
4.18 Table. 14
4.18.1 Character size. 14
4.18.2 Position. 14
4.19 Heading. 15
4.19.1 Character size. 15
4.19.2 Heading composition. 15
4.20 Ruby. 22
4.21 Paragraph indentation. 23
4.22 Score. 23
4.23 Rule. 23
4.24 Inline. 24
4.24.1 Line width. 24
4.24.2 Line position. 24
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved iii

5 Configuration of DSSSL Library .24
5.1 Processing flow.24
5.1.1 Simple parameter data.25
5.1.2 Full parameter generator .25
5.1.3 Function set.25
5.1.4 Page model set .26
5.1.5 Flow object construction rules .26
5.2 Simple parameter data.26
6 Full parameter generator .28
7 Function set.38
8 Page model set .46
9 Flow object construction rules .52

iv © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report
of one of the following types:
— type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts;
— type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the
future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
— type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether
they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to
be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 19758, which is a Technical Report of type 2, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing
languages.
This specification is a translation of a JIS/Technical Report “DSSSL library for complex compositions”
(TR X 0010:2000) published by Japanese Standards Association (JSA) in September 01, 2000.

© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved v

Introduction
This Technical Report is based on the activities taken by Application Standards Committee of JBMA (Japan
Business Machine Makers' Association) and Electronic Publishing Committee of INSTAC/JSA for application
technology of DSSSL (ISO/IEC 10179, Document Style Semantics and Specification Language).
The DSSSL library specified in this Technical Report encourages interchanging SGML (Standard Generalized
Markup Language) or XML (Extensible Markup Language) documents with such a complicated style
specification by DSSSL as multilingual composition including Japanese and English texts within a page,
clause or paragraph.
vi © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 19758:2003(E)

Information technology — Document description and
processing languages — DSSSL library for complex
compositions
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides a DSSSL library that can specify styles for the documents described by SGML
(Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879) or XML (Extensible Markup Language, W3C REC-xml-
980210). The library makes it feasible to describe DSSSL specification for those documents, without any
particular knowledge of DSSSL or particular composition rules.
The library deals with some complex compositions described by a number of complicated DSSSL
specification statements. They are typically required in fixed-pitch document styles. Some of them can be
applied to proportional pitch styles and fixed/proportional mixtures as well. More sophisticated compositions
will be dealt with in a future Technical Report to be submitted.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10179:1996, Information technology — Processing languages — Document Style Semantics and
Specification Language (DSSSL)
ISO 8879:1986, Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML)
ISO 8879:1986/Cor.2:1999, Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML) TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 2
ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991, Information technology — Font information interchange — Part 1: Architecture
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
bottom edge
the bottom side of a page
3.2
cell
a basic unit in a table composition
3.3
character size
the size of virtual body of a character
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 1

3.4
clock numerals
a Roman numerical character designed for a clock face
3.5
column
a separated composition area within a page
3.6
column space
an interval between adjacent columns
3.7
DSSSL library
a set of DSSSL specifications (see ISO/IEC 10179)
3.8
edge
one of the three sides of a page that are not bound
NOTE The three sides are top edge, bottom edge and front edge.
3.9
emphasizing mark
a symbol located at the side (right side in vertical composition or top side in horizontal composition) of a
character to be emphasized
3.10
facing page
a two-page (left page and right page) spread of a book
3.11
group-ruby
a ruby scheme in which ruby characters are aligned at the side of a grouped object characters
3.12
gutter
a binding portion of a book
3.13
head line
description of a book-title, chapter-title or section-title allocated on a margin areas of a page
3.14
image area
an effective page area on which main texts are composed
3.15
indentation
line head shifting along the character progression direction in a line
3.16
interline space (or line space)
an interval between adjacent lines
3.17
line leading
displacement between the corresponding points of adjacent lines
3.18
mono-ruby
a ruby scheme in which ruby characters are aligned with respect to each object character
2 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

3.19
number of characters on a line
the number of characters which are included and aligned in a line
3.20
ordering character
a head character of each ordered object (list, clause, etc.), indicating the order of the object
3.21
page number
the number indicating a page sequence
3.22
pre/post-marking of ordering character(s)
character(s) just before/after ordering character(s)
3.23
ruby
a (sequence of) small character(s) located at the side of object character(s), indicating the pronunciation,
meaning, etc. of the object character(s)
3.24
single page
a separated page
NOTE It is employed specifically discriminating a page from a facing page.
3.25
solid matter (or solid)
a composition without space between adjacent characters or lines
3.26
space
an interval between virtual bodies of adjacent characters or lines
3.27
strike-through (or strike-out)
a line overwritten on characters indicating their deletion
3.28
superscript/subscript (or superior/inferior)
small characters allocated at the side (right-top or right-bottom respectively) of an object character
3.29
table caption
a title (and other related description) of a table
NOTE It is sometimes referred to as table title or table heading.
3.30
top edge
the top side of a page
3.31
two-character ruby
a ruby consisting of the character(s) whose virtual body size (measured in the character progression direction)
is a half of the virtual body size of corresponding object character
3.32
writing direction
the direction of a character string composing a line
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 3

NOTE Multilingual texts are composed with a vertical or horizontal direction. Those compositions are called vertical
compositions or horizontal compositions respectively.
3.33
writing mode
a character progression direction on a line [the direction to escapement point from position point on a glyph
coordinate system (see ISO/IEC 9541-1)]
NOTE Multilingual texts employ the writing modes of LEFT-TO-RIGHT, TOP-TO-BOTTOM or RIGHT-TO-LEFT.
4 Formatting objects and properties
This clause defines formatting objects and properties dealt with or related to this DSSSL Library.
4.1 Paper size
The following paper sizes are dealt with:
a) A-size: A6, A5, A4
b) B-size: B6, B5
The choice of “single page” or “facing page” can be specified. In choice of the facing page, double size of
those paper sizes a), b) can be specified.
NOTE In choice of facing page with A4 left and right pages, A3 is specified.
4.2 Paper placement
The choice of “vertical (portrait)” or “horizontal (landscape)” can be specified. Default specification is vertical.
4.3 Unit
The following units are dealt with:
a) mm
b) point (1point = 0.3 514 mm)
c) Q (1Q = 0.25 mm)
The relationship between Q and points is clarified in Table 1.
Table 1 — Relationship between Q and points
Q points Q points
7 5 15 10.5
8 5.5 16 11
9 6 18 12
10 7 20 14
11 7.5 21 15
12 8 24 16
13 9 26 18.5
14 10 28 20
4 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

4.4 Basic composition style
Prior to the basic composition styles, there should be specified the following properties:
a) size of image area
b) margin
c) number of text characters on a line (applicable to a content driven composition)
They have the following relationship with a paper size:
(paper size) − margin = (size of image area)
In a layout driven specification, the values of paper size and margin are given first. In a content driven
specification, the values of paper size and image area are given first.
NOTE In Japanese composition, for example, a content driven specification is usually employed.
Basic composition styles are defined by the following formatting properties:
a) vertical composition or horizontal composition
b) size of text character
c) number of text characters on a line
d) number of lines in a column
e) interline space
f) column space
g) alignment (left, right and center alignments, and justification. Default specification is a left alignment.)
The basic composition styles are specified by one of the following manners:
a) to specify all the values of required formatting properties for the specified image area
b) to specify a model of basic component style, i.e., a set of the property values (see 4.5)
4.5 Model of basic composition style
Typical sets of the property values for book compositions are defined.
4.5.1 Position of image area on a paper
A position of image area on a paper is defined by the following manners:
a) An image area is positioned at the center of the rectangle surrounded by the margins of top edge, bottom
edge, front edge and gutter. It is the default positioning of image area.
b) An image area is positioned in accordance with the ratio of top edge, bottom edge, front edge and gutter.
c) An image area is positioned in accordance with each value of top edge, bottom edge, front edge and
gutter.
4.5.2 Models of basic composition styles
Typical sets of the property values for book compositions are provided as models of basic composition styles
for some combinations of (paper size, paper placement, unit). Seven models are shown in Table 2 through
Table 8, where the table captions indicate the values of (paper size, paper placement, unit). Those tables
apply to a fixed pitch composition employed, for example, in a Japanese or Chinese text.

© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 5

Table 2 — B6, Vertical, Point
Size of text Number of Number of Number
Vertical/Horizontal Line leading Column space
character characters lines in a of
composition (points) (characters)
(points) on a line column columns
vertical 9 43 14 18 1 none
vertical 9 43 15 18 1 none
vertical 9 43 16 17 1 none
vertical 9 44 17 16 1 none
vertical 8 50 18 15 1 none
vertical 8 50 19 14 1 none
vertical 8 25 20 14 2 2
vertical 8 26 20 14 2 2
vertical 9 30 23 17 1 none
vertical 9 33 25 16 1 none
vertical 8 33 27 15 1 none
vertical 8 34 27 15 1 none
Table 3 — B5, Vertical, Point
Size of text Number of Number of Number
Vertical/Horizontal Line leading Column space
character characters lines in a of
composition (points) (characters)
(points) on a line column columns
vertical 8 24 31 13 1 none
horizontal 9 43 32 18 1 none
horizontal 9 23 44 14 2 2
horizontal 9 22 41 15 2 2
horizontal 8 25 51 12 2 2
horizontal 13 42 31 26 1 none
horizontal 13 22 43 20 2 2
horizontal 13 21 39 22 2 2
horizontal 12 23 48 18 2 2
Table 4 — B5, Vertical, Q
Size of text Number of Number of Number
Vertical/Horizontal Line leading Column space
character characters lines in a of
composition (Q) (characters)
(Q) on a line column columns
horizontal 13 42 31 26 1 none
horizontal 13 22 43 20 2 2
horizontal 13 21 39 22 2 2
horizontal 12 23 48 18 2 2
6 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

Table 5 — A6, Vertical, Point
Size of text Number of Number of Number
Vertical/Horizontal Line leading Column space
character characters lines in a of
composition (points) (characters)
(points) on a line column columns
vertical 8 41 13 17 1 none
vertical 8 41 14 16 1 none
vertical 8 42 15 15 1 none
vertical 8 42 13 16 1 none
vertical 8 42 14 16 1 none
vertical 8 43 15 15 1 none
vertical 8 43 15 15 1 none
vertical 8 43 16 14 1 none
vertical 8 43 18 13 1 none
vertical 8 43 19 13 1 none
Table 6 — A5, Vertical, Point
Vertical/Horizontal Size of text Number of Number of Line leading Number Column space
composition character characters lines in a (points) of (characters)
(points) on a line column columns
vertical 9 51 16 18 1 none
vertical 9 52 16 18 1 none
vertical 9 52 17 18 1 none
vertical 9 52 18 17 1 none
vertical 9 52 19 17 1 none
vertical 9 25 20 15 2 2
vertical 8 30 24 13 2 2
vertical 8 29 23 14 2 2
horizontal 9 35 26 18 1 none
horizontal 9 35 28 17 1 none
horizontal 9 35 30 16 1 none
horizontal 8 40 30 16 1 none
horizontal 8 38 33 14 1 none
Table 7 — A5, Vertical, Q
Size of text Number of Number of Number
Vertical/Horizontal Line leading Column space
character characters lines in a of
composition (Q) (characters)
(Q) on a line column columns
horizontal 13 34 27 25 1 none
horizontal 13 34 29 23 1 none
horizontal 12 37 28 24 1 none
horizontal 12 36 31 21 1 none
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 7

Table 8 — A4, Vertical, Q
Size of text Number of Number of Number
Vertical/Horizontal Line leading Column space
character characters lines in a of
composition (Q) (characters)
(Q) on a line column columns
horizontal 13 51 41 24 1 none
horizontal 14 48 39 25 1 none
horizontal 14 24 42 23 2 2
horizontal 14 16 42 23 3 2
4.6 Font
Fonts should be specified by their font family names and weights.
NOTE Such variations as “horizontal condensed”, “vertical condensed” or “slant” are not dealt with.
4.7 Unit of character size
Character sizes should be specified by using a unit of point or Q.
4.8 Headline
4.8.1 Number of headlines
As the number of headlines, no or one should be specified.
4.8.2 Position of headline
The following positions of headlines are dealt with:
a) at the front side on the top edge of odd page
b) at the front side on the top edges of odd and even pages
c) at the front side on the bottom edge of odd page
d) at the front side on the bottom edges of odd and even pages
e) at the center on the top edge (for horizontal composition)
The writing direction of headlines is horizontal. If a headline and page number are located on the same edge,
the headline should be located inside and apart from the page number by a space of 1 em or 1.5 em.
A division of words in a headline should follow the rule in 4.15.
4.8.3 Contents of headline
When the contents of headlines on odd and even pages are different from each other, the headlines should be
positioned in accordance with 4.8.2 b), d) or e).
If a headline shows a clause title (or a node of logical structure of the text), the headline should be located on
a page opposite to the page where the clause begins. On the page where a clause begins, there should be no
headline.
4.9 Page Number
The following positions and styles of page numbers are dealt with:
a) at the front side on the top edge, using Arabic numerals
b) at the front side on the bottom edge, using Arabic numerals
8 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

Characters for a page number should have the same size as characters for texts on the page or one size
smaller than those. A page number should be located apart from the image area having a space of the same
size as the characters for texts or one size larger than those.
4.10 Note
4.10.1 Type of note
The following five types of notes are dealt with:
4.10.1.1 Interlinenote
A interlinenote is composed within a line space and at the side (upper side in horizontal composition, or right
side in vertical composition) of words or phrases to be noted. Character locations in a line and interlinenote in
horizontal composition are illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Interlinenote in horizontal composition
4.10.1.2 Sidenote
A sidenote is used in horizontal composition and located on a note area which is reserved at the front side of a
page as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Sidenote
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 9

4.10.1.3 Headnote
A headnote is used in vertical composition and located on a note area which is reserved at the top side of a
page as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Headnote
4.10.1.4 Footnote
A footnote is used in horizontal and vertical compositions and located on a note area which is reserved at the
bottom side of a page as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 — Footnote in vertical composition
4.10.1.5 Endnote
A endnote is composed at the end of a paragraph, section, chapter or volume, or at the end of a book.
4.10.2 Reference Mark
A reference mark indicates the correspondence between a note and the text to be noted.
4.10.2.1 Character and style
For a reference mark, characters “*”, “†” (dagger), “‡” (double dagger), “§” (section mark), “||” (double bar), “#”,
Arabic numerals, Kanji numerals and Latin alphabet are employed. Some examples of reference marks using
those characters are shown below:
EXAMPLE 1 * ** ***
10 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

EXAMPLE 2 *1 *2 *3
EXAMPLE 3 1) 2) 3)
EXAMPLE 4 (a) (b) (c)
Default reference marks are “1), 2), …”.
4.10.2.2 Position
A reference mark within texts should be allocated to the following positions:
a) at the beginning of the words or phrases to be noted, with an offset to interline
b) at the end of the words and phrases to be noted, with/without an offset to interline.
4.10.2.3 Character size
A character size of reference marks should be one size smaller than the texts to be noted.
4.11 Inlinenote
An inlinenote consists of parenthesized two-line texts within a line as shown in Figure 5.
The composition of a inlinenote is based on that of inline (see 4.24). The parentheses have the same size as
characters of the text outside the inlinenote. The default character size for inlinenote texts is a half of the
character size for the texts outside the inlinenote. The default line space for inlinenote is 0.

Figure 5 — Inlinenote
4.12 Emphasizing mark
An emphasizing mark is located at the side (right side in vertical composition or top side in horizontal
composition) of a character to be emphasized. Some marking details called “mark style” should be specified
for each character or a group of characters. The default mark style is “for each character”.
4.13 Superscript / Subscript (Superior / Inferior )
Superscript or subscript character is located at the side (right-top or right-bottom respectively) of an object
character. In vertical composition, right-top or right-bottom is read as right-bottom or left-bottom respectively.
A size of superscript or subscript character is a half of the object character size. Both superscript and
subscript characters may be located aside the same object character. Even when superscript or subscript
character is located outside the virtual body of object character, the composition is based on that of inline (see
4.24).
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 11

4.14 Word-length adjustment
A word-length adjustment is employed, for example, to list several words consisting of the different number of
characters. Word-lengths of all the listed words are adjusted to the same by controlling character spaces of
the words as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 — Listed words with word-length adjustment
The total length for a word-length adjustment is specified by the product of the character size and the number
of characters. Those properties apply to a fixed pitch composition. A character space in each word to be
adjusted is described by the expression:
character space
= [(total length specified) − (character size)(number of characters in a word)]
/ [(number of characters in a word) − 1]
4.15 Character space adjustment
In a composition of heading (see 4.19) or headline (see 3.13 and 4.8) where a line consists of comparatively
small number of characters, character spaces are adjusted for readability as shown in Figure 7. Those
properties apply to a fixed pitch composition.

Figure 7 — Examples of character space adjustment
Typical character space adjustments for horizontal and vertical compositions are shown in Table 9.
12 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

Table 9 — Character spaces of typical character adjustments

Horizontal composition Vertical composition
Number of characters Character space Number of characters Character space
2 3 em 2 2 em
3 1.5 em 3 1.25 em
4 1 em 4 3/4 em
5 1/2 em 5 1/3 em
6 1/4 em 6 1 point
7 1 point 7 or more than 7 none
8 or more than 8 none
4.16 Clause
Clauses (including chapters and sections) are composed as:
a) ordered clause
b) unordered clause
4.16.1 Ordered clause
An ordered clause begins with:
a) Ordering character:
Latin alphabet, Kanji numerals, Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, clock numerals, etc. are used as
ordered characters (see 3.20).
b) Pre/post-marking of ordering character(s):
1) pre-marking
2) pre- and post-marking
3) post-marking
c) Graphics marking
4.16.2 Unordered clause
An unordered clauses begins with:
a) No marking
b) Unordered character
c) Graphics marking
Figure 8 shows a beginning of an unordered clause with graphics.

Figure 8 — Unordered clause with graphics marking
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 13

4.16.3 Indentation of clause
For an indentation, see 4.19.
4.17 List
Lists are composed as:
a) ordered list
b) unordered list
4.17.1 Ordered list
An ordered list item begins with:
a) Ordering character:
Latin alphabet, Kanji numerals, Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, clock numerals, etc. are used as
ordered characters (see 3.20).
b) Pre/post-marking of ordering character(s):
1) pre-marking
2) pre- and post-marking
3) post-marking
c) Graphics marking
4.17.2 Unordered list
An unordered list begins with:
a) No marking
b) Unordered character
c) Graphics marking
4.17.3 Indentation of list
a) indentation space on a first line of list:
One or two em indentation is employed.
b) indentation space on a second line of list:
No indentation or 1, 2, or 3 em indentation is employed.
4.18 Table
4.18.1 Character size
a) When a font family Gothic or SansSerif is used, texts within table and a table caption are described with
the same character size.
b) When a font family Mincho or Roman is used, texts within table are described with the character size 1
point or 1 Q smaller than that of a table caption.
4.18.2 Position
a) A space between a table and image area is 1 mm.
b) A space between a table and texts outside the table is 1.5 em of character size of the texts.
14 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

4.19 Heading
In this composition, 2 specify models are offered following 4.19.1 and 4.19.2.
4.19.1 Character size
a) A large heading employs character sizes of 24 through 32 Q or 16 through 22 points.
b) A middle heading employs character sizes of 18 through 20 Q or 12 through 14 points.
c) A small heading employs character sizes of 14 through 16 Q or 10 through 11 points.
NOTE Those heading character sizes can be applied, when character sizes of texts are 8 through 9 points
(12 through 13 Q).
4.19.2 Heading composition
Character sizes should be specified by using a unit of point. When using a unit of Q, see Table 1.
Some typical examples of heading compositions are shown below regarding
 Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points and
 Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points.
a) Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points
1) one heading
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading text character size 9 center of 4 lines Figure 9 Left

(14 points) points×4
middle heading text character size 9 center of 3 lines Figure 9 Center
(12 points) points×6
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines Figure 9 Right
(10 points)
points×7
Figure 9 — Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points, with one heading
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 15

2) 3 headings; large, middle, small
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading text character size 9 center of 3 lines
(14 points)
points×4
middle heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
Figure 10
(12 points)
points×6
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(10 points)
points×7
8 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

Figure 10 — Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points, with 3 headings
3) 2 headings; large, middle
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(14 points)
points×4
Figure 11
middle heading text character size 9 center of 3 lines
(12 points)
points×6
6 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

16 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

Figure 11 — Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points, with 2 headings;
large, middle
4) 2 headings; large, small
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading text character size 9 center of 3 lines
(14 points)
points×4
Figure 12
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(10 points)
points×7
6 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

Figure 12 — Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points, with 2 headings;
large, small
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 17

5) 2 headings; middle, small
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
middle heading text character size 9 center of 2 line
(12 points)
points×6
Figure 13
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(10 points)
points×7
5 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

Figure 13 — Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points, with 2 headings;
middle, small
6) no heading with 2 lines space at the first
An illustration is shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14 — Paper size A5, vertical composition, text character size 9 points, without heading
18 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

b) Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points
1) One heading
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading center of text line width center of 4 lines Figure 15 Left
(14 points)
middle heading center of text line width center of 3 lines Figure 15 Center
(12 points)
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines Figure 15 Right
(10 points)
points×1 or center of
text line width
Figure 15 — Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points,
with one heading
2) 3 headings; large, middle, small
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading center of text line width center of 3 lines
(14 points)
middle heading center of text line width center of 2 lines
(12 points) Figure 16
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(10 points) points×1 or center of
text line width
8 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 19

Figure 16 — Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points,
with 3 headings; large, middle, small
3) 2 headings; large, middle
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading center of text line width center of 2 lines
(14 points)
Figure 17
middle heading center of text line width center of 3 lines
(12 points)
6 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

Figure 17 — Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points,
with 2 headings; large, middle
20 © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

4) 2 headings; large, small
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
large heading center of text line width center of 3 lines
(14 points)
Figure 18
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(10 points) points×1 or center of
text line width
6 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

Figure 18 — Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points,
with 2 headings; large, small
5) 2 headings; middle, small
Type of heading Indentation Alignment Illustration
middle heading center of text line width center of 2 lines
(12 points)
Figure 19
small heading text character size 9 center of 2 lines
(10 points)
points×1 or center of
text line width
5 lines space in total, including the first 1-line space.

© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved 21

Figure 19 — Paper size A5 or B5, horizontal composition, text character size 9 or 8 points,
with 2 headings; middle, small

4.20 Ruby
The following ruby compositions (whose properties apply to a fixed pitch composition) are dealt with:
a) Two-character ruby (see 3.31)
b) Ruby characters are located on the ruby line whose center corresponds to the center of object character,
in vertical and horizontal composition.
c) Mono-ruby (see 3.18) and group-ruby (3.11) may be composed.
d) In mono-ruby composition, ruby characters are aligned symmetrically and with no spaces.
e) Ruby character sequence cannot be ex
...