ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/FDAmd 1

FINAL ISO/IEC
AMENDMENT
DRAFT 15444-2:2002
FDAM 1
ISO/IEC JTC 1
Information technology — JPEG 2000
Secretariat: ANSI
image coding system: Extensions
Voting begins on:
2002-05-23
AMENDMENT 1: Enhancement to quantization
Voting terminates on:
method
2002-07-23

Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'image JPEG 2000:
Extensions
AMENDEMENT 1: Amélioration de la méthode d'échantillonnage


Please see the administrative notes on page iii

RECIPIENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFI-
CATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF
WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-

ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ©
ISO/IEC 2002

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO's member
body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
ii

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)

In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 21/1986, this document is circulated in the English
language only.


© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have
established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Amendment may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Amendment 1 to ISO/IEC 15444-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information, in
collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. T.801/Amd.1.



© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
iv

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ITU-T RECOMMENDATION

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – JPEG 2000 IMAGE CODING SYSTEM:
EXTENSIONS

AMENDMENT 1
Enhancement to quantization method


1. Background
Remote sensing applications require a low-memory, high-throughput implementation of JPEG 2000 for use on board
spacecraft and aircraft. This implementation, known as the scan-based mode, has already been demonstrated for JPEG
2000 Part 1. Images are processed as collections of a small number of lines, known as scan elements. In tests of the
scan-based mode, it has been shown that the use of precincts rather than tiles as scan elements gives better image
quality, because small tiles tend to produce boundary artifacts.

For high-quality lossy compression, it is desirable to add Part 2 quantization methods to the scan-based mode. In order
to maintain high throughput, the quantization must be performed with single-pass rate control (no iteration). But
effective single-pass rate control over the image as a whole can be achieved only if trellis-coded quantization (or
explicit scalar quantization) is performed on a precinct-by-precinct basis, with different step sizes for each precinct.

In order to enable this procedure, a change to Part 2 syntax is required to signal the step sizes on a precinct-by-precinct
basis. Since a long image divided into short precincts may contain many tile parts, it is also desirable to increase the
maximum value of the tile part index (currently 254).

2. Changes to Annex A.1
Table A-1 from ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 should be replaced with the table below.

Table A-1 – Syntax support for extensions

Extension Extended ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC New marker segments
15444-1 marker segments
All extensions SIZ, SOT —
Variable DC offset — DCO
Variable scalar quantization QCD, QCC QPD, QPC
Trellis coded quantization QCD, QCC QPD, QPC
Visual masking — VMS
Single sample offset transform SIZ, COD, COC —
Arbitrary decomposition styles COD, COC DFS, ADS
Arbitrary transformation kernels COD, COC ATK
Multiple component transform COD CBD, MCT, MCC, MIC
Non-linearity point transformation — CBD, NLT
Arbitrary shaped region of interest RGN —

Table A-2 from ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 (Rsiz marker) should have an added line:

11xx xxxx xxxx xxxx Precinct-dependent quantization is required to decode this code stream


ITU-T Rec. T. 801/Amd.1   1

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)

3. Changes to Annex A.2.3, Annex C and Annex D
General references to QCD/QCC or qcd/qcc should be replaced with QCD/QCC/QPD/QPC or qcd/qcc/qpd/qpc
respectively.

4. New Annex A.2.5 should be added as follows
A.2.5 Start of tile-part (SOT) extended

Function: Marks the beginning of a tile-part, the index of its tile, and the index of its tile-part. The tile-parts of a given
tile shall appear in order (see TPsot) in the codestream. However, tile-parts from other tiles may be interleaved in the
codestream. Therefore, the tile-parts from a given tile may not appear contiguously in the codestream.

Usage: Every tile-part header. Shall be the first marker segment in a tile-part header. There shall be at least one SOT
in a codestream. There shall be only one SOT per tile-part.

Length: Variable depending on the maximum number of tile-parts in the tile.
TNsot
SOT Lsot Isot Psot
TPsot TEsot

Figure 1 – Start of tile-part syntax

SOT: Marker code. Table 1 shows the sizes and values of the symbol and parameters for start of tile-part
marker segment.

Lsot: Length of marker segment in bytes (not including the marker).

Isot: Tile index. This number refers to the tiles in raster order starting at the number 0.

Psot: Length, in bytes, from the beginning of the first byte of this SOT marker segment of the tile-part to
the end of the data of that tile-part. Figure A-16 from ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 shows this
alignment. Only the last tile-part in the codestream may contain a 0 for Psot. If the Psot is 0, this tile-
part is assumed to contain all data until the EOC marker.

TPsot: Tile-part index. There is a specific order required for decoding tile-parts; this index denotes the order
from 0. If there is only one tile-part for a tile then this value is zero. If this value is 255 then the
TEsot marker segment contains the tile-part index. The tile-parts of this tile shall appear in the
codestream in this order, although not necessarily consecutively.

TNsot: Number of tile-parts of a tile in the codestream. Two values are allowed: the correct number of tile-
parts for that tile and zero. A zero value indicates that the number of tile-parts of this tile is not
specified in this tile-part. If any TPsot marker segments for this tile are 255, this value must be 0.
TEsot: Tile-part index when TPsot is 255. The length of this marker segment parameter will be 16 bits when
TPsot is 255, but 0 when TPsot<255.
Table 1 – Start of tile-part parameter values
Parameter Size (bits) Values
SOT 16 0xFF90
Lsot 16 10 OR 12
Isot 16 0 – 65 534
32
Psot 32 12 – (2 – 1)
TPsot 8 0 – 255
TNsot 8 Table A-6 from ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1
TEsot 0 NA; if TPsot < 255
16 0 – 65 534; if TPsot = 255


2   ITU-T Rec. T. 801/Amd.1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2002/FDAM 1:2002(E)

5. Changes to Annex A.3
Table A-17 from ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 should be replaced with the table below.

Table A-17 – List of markers and mar
...