ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 22237-1
First edition
2021-10
Information technology — Data centre
facilities and infrastructures —
Part 1:
General concepts
Technologie de l’information — Installation et infrastructures de
centres de traitement de données —
Partie 1: Concepts généraux
Reference number
ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
© ISO/IEC 2021

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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
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© ISO/IEC 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Conformance . 6
5 Business risk analysis . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Business impact analysis. 7
5.3 Risk analysis . 7
6 Data centre design overview . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Spaces and facilities . 9
7 Classification system for the design of data centre facilities and infrastructures .12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Availability . 12
7.2.1 General .12
7.2.2 Single-site data centres .12
7.2.3 Multi-site data centres . 14
7.3 Physical security .15
7.3.1 General .15
7.3.2 Protection against unauthorized access . 15
7.3.3 Protection against intrusion. 15
7.3.4 Protection against environmental events . 15
7.4 Energy efficiency enablement . 16
7.4.1 General . 16
7.4.2 Power distribution system . 17
7.4.3 Environmental monitoring and control. 17
7.4.4 Operational processes and KPIs . 17
8 Design and implementation process .17
8.1 Introduction . 17
8.2 Design phases . 18
8.2.1 Phase 1 — Strategy . 18
8.2.2 Phase 2 — Objectives . 18
8.2.3 Phase 3 — System specifications . 19
8.2.4 Phase 4 — Design proposal . 19
8.2.5 Phase 5 — Decision . 19
8.2.6 Phase 6 — Functional design . 20
8.2.7 Phase 7 — Approval . 20
8.2.8 Phase 8 — Final design and project plan. 20
8.2.9 Phase 9 — Contract . 20
8.2.10 Phase 10 — Construction . 20
8.2.11 Phase 11 — Operation .20
9 Design principles .20
9.1 Design reference documentation . 20
9.2 Design principles to support energy efficiency . 21
9.3 Design principles for electromagnetic interference . 21
9.4 Design principles to support operational excellence . 21
9.5 Design principles for availability, reliability and resilience. 21
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
Annex A (informative) Availability and Reliability .23
Annex B (informative) Availability description .28
Bibliography .29
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 39, Sustainability, IT & Data Centres.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC TS 22237-1:2018), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— reference to Key Performance Indicators of ISO/IEC 30134 series has been included;
— Clause 7 (Availability) has been revised;
— the design processes (Clause 8) and design principles (Clause 9) have been moved from an annex to
the main body of the document;
— the existing Annex A has been removed;
— new Annexes A and B have been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 22237 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
Introduction
The unrestricted access to internet-based information demanded by the information society has led to
an exponential growth of both internet traffic and the volume of stored/retrieved data. Data centres
are housing and supporting the information technology and network telecommunications equipment
for data processing, data storage and data transport. They are required both by network operators
(delivering those services to customer premises) and by enterprises within those customer premises.
Data centres need to provide modular, scalable and flexible facilities and infrastructures to easily
accommodate the rapidly changing requirements of the market. In addition, energy consumption
of data centres has become critical, both from an environmental point of view (reduction of carbon
footprint), and with respect to economic considerations (cost of energy) for the data centre operator.
The implementation of data centres varies in terms of:
a) purpose (enterprise, co-location, co-hosting or network operator facilities);
b) security level;
c) physical size; and
d) accommodation (mobile, temporary and permanent constructions).
NOTE Cloud services can be provided by all data centre types mentioned.
The needs of data centres also vary in terms of availability of service, the provision of security and
the objectives for energy efficiency. These needs and objectives influence the design of data centres in
terms of building construction, power distribution, environmental control, telecommunications cabling
and physical security. Effective management and operational information are required to monitor
achievement of the defined needs and objectives.
The ISO/IEC 22237 series specifies requirements and recommendations to support the various parties
involved in the design, planning, procurement, integration, installation, operation and maintenance of
facilities and infrastructures within data centres. These parties include:
1) owners, operators, facility managers, ICT managers, project managers, main contractors;
2) consultants, architects, building designers and builders, system/installation designers, auditors,
test and commissioning agents;
3) suppliers of equipment; and
4) installers, maintainers.
At the time of publication of this document, the ISO/IEC 22237 series comprises the following
documents:
— ISO/IEC 22237-1 (this document), Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures
— Part 1: General concepts;
— ISO/IEC TS 22237-2, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 2:
Building construction;
— ISO/IEC 22237-3, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 3: Power
distribution;
— ISO/IEC 22237-4, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 4:
Environmental control;
— ISO/IEC TS 22237-5, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 5:
Telecommunications cabling infrastructure;
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
— ISO/IEC TS 22237-6, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 6:
Security systems;
— ISO/IEC TS 22237-7: Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 7:
Management and operational information.
The inter-relationship of the specifications within the ISO/IEC 22237 series is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Schematic relationship between the ISO/IEC 22237 series of documents
This document, ISO/IEC 22237-1, defines the general concepts for the design and operation of data
centres. This includes a business risk and operational cost analysis as well as a classification system for
data centres with respect to “availability”, “physical security” and “energy efficiency enablement”.
ISO/IEC TS 22237-2 to ISO/IEC TS 22237-6 specify requirements and recommendations for particular
facilities and infrastructures to support the relevant classification for “availability”, “physical security”
and “energy efficiency enablement” selected from ISO/IEC 22237-1 (this document).
ISO/IEC TS 22237-7 addresses the operational and management information (in accordance with the
requirements of this document).
This document is intended for use by and collaboration between architects, building designers and
builders, system and installation designers.
The ISO/IEC 22237 series does not address the selection of information technology and network
telecommunications equipment, software and associated configuration issues.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
Information technology — Data centre facilities and
infrastructures —
Part 1:
General concepts
1 Scope
This document:
a) describes the general principles for data centres upon which the requirements of the ISO/IEC 22237
series are based;
b) defines the common aspects of data centres including terminology, parameters and reference
models (functional elements and their accommodation) addressing both the size and complexity of
their intended purpose;
c) describes general aspects of the facilities and infrastructures required to support data centres;
d) specifies a classification system, based upon the key criteria of “availability”, “security” and
“energy-efficiency” over the planned lifetime of the data centre, for the provision of effective
facilities and infrastructure;
e) details the issues to be addressed in a business risk and operating cost analysis enabling application
of the classification of the data centre;
f) provides a reference to the operation and management of data centres.
The following topics are outside of the scope of the ISO/IEC 22237 series:
1) the selection of information technology and network telecommunications equipment, software and
associated configuration issues are outside the scope of this International Standard;
2) quantitative analysis of overall service availability resulting from multi-site data centres;
3) safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements (covered by other standards and
regulations. However, information given in this document can be of assistance in meeting these
standards and regulations).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC TS 22237-6, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 6:
Security systems
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
availability
ability to be in a state to perform as required
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-01-23, modified — Note 1 to entry and Note 2 to entry deleted.]
3.1.2
building entrance facility
facility (3.1.16) that provides all necessary services, and which complies with all relevant regulations
for the entry of specific infrastructures (3.1.21) or services into a building
3.1.3
building security
facilities (3.1.16) and systems (3.1.30) necessary to provide the required levels of security at the
entrance to and within the building containing the data centre (3.1.8)
3.1.4
co-hosting data centre
data centre (3.1.8) in which multiple customers are provided with access to network(s), servers and
storage equipment on which they operate their own services/applications
Note 1 to entry: Both the information technology equipment and the support infrastructure (3.1.21) of the
building are provided as a service by the data centre operator.
3.1.5
co-location data centre
data centre (3.1.8) in which multiple customers locate their own network(s), servers and storage
equipment
Note 1 to entry: The support infrastructure (3.1.21) of the building (such as power distribution and environmental
control) is provided as a service by the data centre operator.
3.1.6
computer room space
area within the data centre (3.1.8) that accommodates the data processing, data storage and
telecommunication equipment (3.1.33) that provides the primary function of the data centre
3.1.7
control room space
area within the data centre (3.1.8) used to control the operation of the data centre and to act as a central
point for all control and monitoring functions
3.1.8
data centre
a structure, or group of structures, dedicated to the centralized accommodation, interconnection
and operation of information technology and network telecommunications (3.1.31) equipment
providing data storage, processing and transport services together with all the facilities (3.1.16) and
infrastructures (3.1.21) for power distribution and environmental control together with the necessary
levels of resilience and security required to provide the desired service availability (3.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: A structure can consist of multiple buildings and/or spaces with specific functions to support the
primary function.
Note 2 to entry: The boundaries of the structure or space considered the data centre, which includes the
information and communication technology equipment and supporting environmental controls, can be defined
within a larger structure or building.
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30134-1:2016, 3.1.4]
3.1.9
data centre security
necessary facilities (3.1.16) and systems (3.1.30) that provide the required levels of security at the
entrance to and within the data centre (3.1.8)
3.1.10
demarcation point
point where the operational control or ownership changes
3.1.11
electrical distribution space
area used for housing facilities to distribute electrical power between the transformer space (3.1.36) and
electrical spaces (3.1.12) within the data centre (3.1.8) or elsewhere within the premises or individual
buildings within the premises
3.1.12
electrical space
area within the data centre (3.1.8) used for housing facilities (3.1.16) to deliver and control electrical
power to the data centre spaces (including switchboards, batteries, uninterruptible power systems
(3.1.37) (UPS), etc.)
3.1.13
enterprise data centre
data centre (3.1.8) that is operated by an enterprise which has the sole purpose of the delivery and
management of services to its employees and customers
3.1.14
external premises security
facilities (3.1.16) and systems (3.1.30) that provide the required levels of security for the area between
the building and the boundary of the premises
3.1.15
energy efficiency enablement
ability to measure the energy consumption and to allow calculation and reporting of energy efficiency
of the various facilities (3.1.16) and infrastructures (3.1.21)
3.1.16
facility
spaces and pathways that accommodate a specific infrastructure (3.1.21)
3.1.17
functional capability
ability of the data centre (3.1.8) (or system (3.1.30) or sub-system) to deliver its intended function
3.1.18
functional element
source of supply, device or path
3.1.19
generator space
area used for housing the installation of electrical power supply generation equipment together with
control systems (3.1.30), storage of associated fuels or energy conversion equipment
3.1.20
holding space
area within the data centre (3.1.8) used for the holding of equipment prior to being brought into service
or having been taken out of service
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
3.1.21
infrastructure
technical systems (3.1.30) providing functional capability (3.1.17) of the data centre (3.1.8)
Note 1 to entry: Examples are power distribution, environmental control and physical security (3.1.25).
3.1.22
main distributor
distributor used to make connections between the main distribution cabling subsystem, network
access cabling subsystem and cabling subsystems and active equipment
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11801-5:2017, 3.1.11, modified — removed “as specified in ISO/IEC 11801-1”.]
3.1.23
mechanical space
area that is used for housing mechanical equipment and infrastructure (3.1.21) that provides
environmental control for the data centre (3.1.8) spaces (including chillers and water treatment, air
handling and fire suppression systems [3.1.30])
3.1.24
network operator data centre
data centre (3.1.8) that has the primary purpose of the delivery and management of broadband services
to the operator's customers
3.1.25
physical security
measures (combining physical and technological controls), procedures and responsibilities to maintain
the desired level of availability (3.1.1) for the facilities (3.1.16) and infrastructures (3.1.21) of the data
centres (3.1.8) in relation to access control and environmental events
3.1.26
planned downtime
period of time during which a system (3.1.30) or sub-system does not provide functional capability
(3.1.17) whilst it undergoes maintenance or is switched off to test the response of a related system or
sub-system
3.1.27
premises entrance facility
facility (3.1.16) that provides all necessary services, and which complies with all relevant regulations,
for the entry of specific infrastructures (3.1.21) or services into premises
3.1.28
reliability
ability to perform as required, without failure, for a given time interval, under given conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-01-24, modified — Note 1 to entry to Note 3 to entry deleted.]
3.1.29
storage space
secured area where general goods and/or data centre (3.1.8) goods to be used in the premises and data
centre are stored
3.1.30
system
set of interrelated functional elements (3.1.18) considered in a defined context as a whole and separated
from their environment
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ISO/IEC 22237-1:2021(E)
3.1.31
telecommunications
branch of technology concerned with the transmission, emission, and reception of signs, signals, writing,
images, and sounds, that is, information of any nature by cable, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic
systems (3.1.30)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11801-1:2017, 3.1.51, modified.]
3.1.32
telecommunications cabling
infrastructure (3.1.21) from the telecommunications space(s) (3.1.34) to the premises entrance facility
(3.1.27)
3.1.33
telecommunication equipment
equipment within the data centre (3.1.8) that provides telecommunication services within the data
centre
3.1.34
telecommunications space
area which may house demarcation points (3.1.10) and telecommunication equipment (3.1.33) associated
with the building entrance facility (3.1.2) and which may allow service providers restricted access to the
data centre (3.1.8)
3.1.35
testing space
area within the data centre (3.1.8) used for the testing and configuring of equ
...