ISO/FDIS 11997-1
(Main)Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions — Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions — Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
ISO 11997-1:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of coatings to one of four defined cycles of wet (salt fog)/dry/humid conditions using specified solutions.
Peintures et vernis — Détermination de la résistance aux conditions de corrosion cyclique — Partie 1: Brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité
ISO 11997-1:2017 spécifie une méthode pour la détermination de la résistance des revêtements à l'un des quatre cycles définis brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité, au moyen de solutions spécifiques.
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 35/SC 9 - General test methods for paints and varnishes
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 35/SC 9 - General test methods for paints and varnishes
- Current Stage
- 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
- Start Date
- 04-Feb-2026
- Completion Date
- 04-Feb-2026
Relations
- Effective Date
- 09-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 17-Jun-2023
Overview
ISO/FDIS 11997-1:2026, titled Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions - Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid, specifies a standardized method for evaluating the resistance of paint and varnish coatings to cyclic corrosion using wet (salt fog), dry, and humid conditions. This international standard is developed by ISO Technical Committee 35, focusing on paints and varnishes, and enables laboratories and manufacturers to simulate and assess the degradation of coatings in aggressive environments such as marine or industrial atmospheres.
By defining four specific test cycles that replicate real-world corrosive conditions, ISO/FDIS 11997-1 helps quality assurance professionals and developers consistently evaluate and compare the performance of protective coatings. The method is essential for assuring coating reliability, optimizing product formulations, and meeting regulatory or contractual requirements.
Key Topics
- Cyclic Corrosion Testing: The standard introduces four defined cycles combining wet (salt fog), dry, and humid phases to mimic environmental exposure.
- Standardized Solutions: Use of specified salt solutions to ensure consistency and repeatability across tests.
- Laboratory Simulation: Provides a method to simulate real-world degradation processes in a controlled setting, reducing the variability found in outdoor weathering.
- Panel Preparation: Guidance is provided on sample preparation, including coating application, drying, conditioning, and scribing for accelerated failure evaluation.
- Evaluation and Reporting: Procedures for post-test examination, precision criteria, and comprehensive reporting ensure reproducible, actionable results.
Applications
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 is widely used in several industries for the quality assessment and durability testing of protective coatings on metals and other substrates. Its main applications include:
- Automotive and Transport: Validation of automotive coatings for corrosion protection, particularly in vehicles exposed to de-icing salts or coastal conditions.
- Industrial Equipment: Assessment of paint systems on machinery, pipes, and infrastructure used in corrosive industrial settings.
- Marine and Offshore: Evaluation of varnishes and corrosion-resistant paints used in shipbuilding, offshore platforms, and port equipment.
- Construction and Architecture: Assurance of performance for architectural coatings on steel structures, bridges, and exterior facades.
The test method is valuable for:
- Product development and benchmarking of new coatings
- Verification of batch-to-batch consistency in manufacturing
- Compliance with regulatory and customer specifications
- Comparative studies of coating systems for procurement or warranty purposes
Related Standards
Several international standards complement or relate to ISO/FDIS 11997-1, supporting comprehensive corrosion testing and coating performance evaluation:
- ISO 9227: Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests
- ISO 12944 Series: Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems
- ASTM B117: Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
- ISO 4628 Series: Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects and intensity of changes
Utilizing ISO/FDIS 11997-1 alongside these related standards allows organizations to establish robust, internationally recognized testing protocols for paints and varnishes exposed to cyclic corrosion.
Keywords: ISO 11997-1, cyclic corrosion testing, salt fog test, coatings resistance, paints and varnishes, accelerated weathering, quality assurance, corrosion protection, laboratory simulation, standard test method.
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 - Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions — Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid Released:21. 01. 2026
REDLINE ISO/FDIS 11997-1 - Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions — Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid Released:21. 01. 2026
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 - Peintures et vernis — Détermination de la résistance aux conditions de corrosion cyclique — Partie 1: Brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité Released:3. 02. 2026
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions — Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid". This standard covers: ISO 11997-1:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of coatings to one of four defined cycles of wet (salt fog)/dry/humid conditions using specified solutions.
ISO 11997-1:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of coatings to one of four defined cycles of wet (salt fog)/dry/humid conditions using specified solutions.
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 11997-2:2025, FprEN ISO 11997-1, ISO 11997-1:2017. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO/FDIS 11997-1 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes —
Secretariat: BSI
Determination of resistance to
Voting begins on:
cyclic corrosion conditions —
2026-02-04
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
2026-04-01
Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
Peintures et vernis — Détermination de la résistance aux
conditions de corrosion cyclique —
Partie 1: Brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes —
Secretariat: BSI
Determination of resistance to
Voting begins on:
cyclic corrosion conditions —
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
Peintures et vernis — Détermination de la résistance aux
conditions de corrosion cyclique —
Partie 1: Brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Salt fog test solution . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 4
8 Test panels . 4
8.1 Material and dimensions .4
8.2 Preparation and coating of panels .4
8.3 Drying and conditioning .4
8.4 Thickness of coating .4
8.5 Preparation of scribe .5
9 Method of exposure of test panels and other test components . 5
10 Operating conditions . 6
11 Procedure . 6
12 Examination of test panels . 6
13 Precision . 7
14 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Cycle A . . 8
Annex B (normative) Cycle B . .10
Annex C (normative) Cycle C . .12
Annex D (normative) Cycle D . 14
Annex E (informative) Considerations in the design and construction of salt spray cabinets .15
Bibliography .16
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 11997-1:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the general warning and warnings for each chemical material have been added;
— a figure illustrating the scribe has been added to 8.5;
— the dry air supply for cycle C has been revised;
— guidance for salt spray humidification has been added;
— the normative references have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11997 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Coatings of paints, varnishes and similar materials are exposed to one of four cycles of wet and dry
conditions specified in this document (see Annexes A, B, C and D), using specified salt solutions in a cabinet
in order to simulate, in the laboratory, processes occurring in aggressive outdoor conditions, such as marine
environments. Generally, correlation between such outdoor weathering and laboratory testing cannot
be expected because of the large number of factors influencing the breakdown process. Correlation can
only be expected if the effect on the coating of important parameters (e.g. the nature of the pollutant, the
spectral distribution of the incident irradiance in the relevant photochemical region, the temperature of the
specimen, the type and cycle of wetting and relative humidity) is known. In contrast to outdoor weathering,
laboratory testing in a cabinet is performed with a reduced number of variables which can be controlled,
and therefore the effects are more reproducible. The method described can also give a means of checking
that the quality of a paint or paint system is being maintained.
The method has been found to be useful in comparing the cyclic salt spray resistance of different coatings. It
is most useful in providing relevant ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in
cyclic salt spray resistance.
The test cycles included in this document have been used successfully, with documented evidence, in the
industry for the assessment of performance. The cycles can be summarized as follows.
— Cycle A (see Annex A): This cycle is specified in Japanese Automobile Standards JASO M 609-91 and
JASO M 610-92.
— Cycle B (see Annex B): This cycle is identical to VDA 621-415 (1982-02) and is widely used in Europe.
It has also been shown to give good correlation with natural weathering for thermosetting paints in
vehicle corrosion.
— Cycle C (see Annex C): This cycle was developed in the United Kingdom for use with water-soluble and
latex paint systems and has been shown to give good correlation with natural weathering.
— Cycle D (see Annex D): This cycle is specified in Japanese Standard JIS K 5621-2003.
ISO 11997-2 describes a method for determining the cyclic corrosion resistance of paints which includes
UV exposure as part of the cycle. It has been found to give good correlation with natural weathering for
industrial maintenance coatings.
ISO 11997-3 describes a method based on a cyclic corrosion test for testing the corrosion protection of
automobiles using coating systems on aluminium, steel or galvanized steel. The test method uses corrosive
conditions (temperature and humidity ramps and salt spray) to create realistic corrosion patterns. These
corrosion patterns are typical for automobiles, and they are comparable in the case of sufficiently similar
protective coating systems.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 11997-1:2026(en)
Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic
corrosion conditions —
Part 1:
Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of coatings to one of four defined
cycles of wet (salt fog)/dry/humid conditions using specified solutions.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes — Standard panels for testing
ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 3270, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning and
testing
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
ISO 4628-1, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size
of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction and designation
system
ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of
defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering
ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform
changes in appearance — Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
ISO 4628-4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of
defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of cracking
ISO 4628-5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform
changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
ISO 4628-8, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of
defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination and
corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defect
ISO 4628-10, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform
changes in appearance — Part 10: Assessment of degree of filiform corrosion
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
WARNING — This document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
A coated test panel is exposed to a cyclic wet (salt fog), drying and humidity test schedule and the effects of
exposure are evaluated by criteria agreed in advance between the interested parties, these criteria usually
being of a subjective nature.
5 Salt fog test solution
Prepare the salt fog test solution by dissolving the salt or salts as given in Annexes A, B, C and D in distilled
or deionized water with a conductivity not higher than 20 µS/cm at 25 °C.
The salts shall be of analytical grade and contain a mass fraction of the heavy metals of copper (Cu), nickel
(Ni) and lead (Pb) in total less than 0,005 %. The solution shall not contain a mass fraction of sodium iodide
more than 0,1 % and a mass fraction of total impurities more than 0,5 % calculated for dry salt.
NOTE 1 Sodium chloride with anti-caking agents can act as corrosion inhibitors or accelerators. Useful sodium
chloride salt grades include: Ph. Eur/USP or JIS, ACS.
If the pH of the solution is outside the required range specified in Annexes A, B, C and D, the presence
of undesirable impurities in the salt or the water or both shall be investigated. Check the pH using
electrometric measurement. Measurements of pH shall be done using electrodes suitable for measuring in
weakly buffered sodium chloride solutions in deionized water. Any necessary corrections shall be made by
adding hydrochloric acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate or analytical-grade sodium hydroxide, of appropriate
concentrations.
®1)
WARNING — Hydrochloric acid (CAS Registry Number 7647-01-0) solution is toxic, corrosive,
irritating and very toxic to aquatic life. Refer to the safety data sheet provided by the manufacturer
for details. Handling of hydrochloric acid solution shall be restricted to skilled personnel or
conducted under their control. Care shall be taken in the disposal of this solution. ®
WARNING — Sodium hydroxide (CAS Registry Number 1310-73-2) solution is toxic, corrosive and
irritating. Refer to the safety data sheet for details. Handling of sodium hydroxide solution shall be
restricted to skilled personnel or conducted under their control. Care shall be taken in the disposal
of this solution.
NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the possible changes in pH resulting from loss of carbon dioxide from the solution
when it is sprayed or from dissolution of carbon dioxide from the ambient atmosphere. Such changes can be avoided by
reducing the carbon dioxide content of the solution by, for example, heating it to a temperature above 35 °C before it is
placed in the cabinet or making the solution from freshly boiled water.
Filter the solution before placing it in the reservoir of the cabinet in order to remove any solid matter which
can block the apertures of the spraying device. ®
1) CAS Registry Number is a trademark of the American Chemical Society (ACS). This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent
products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
6 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following.
6.1 Spray cabinet, made of, or lined with, material resistant to corrosion by the sprayed solution and
having a roof which prevents condensed moisture dripping onto the test specimens. Due to the limited
capacity of cabinets smaller than 0,4 m , the effect of the loading of the cabinet on the distribution of the
spray and temperature shall be carefully considered. The solution shall not be sprayed directly onto test
specimens but rather spread throughout the cabinet so that it falls naturally down on them.
The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that the salt fog deposition rate is within the limits given in
Annexes A, B, C and D.
NOTE Cabinets with a volume greater than 2 m will be difficult to operate unless careful consideration is given
to their design and construction.
Factors that should be taken into consideration in the design and construction of the cabinet are given in
Annex E.
If the cabinet has been used for a spray test, or for any other purpose, using a solution differing from that
specified for the current test cycle, it shall be thoroughly cleaned before use.
6.2 Hot-air blowers, capable of maintaining the cabinet and its contents at the specified temperatures and
achieving the required heating rates specified in Annexes A, B, C and D. The temperature shall be controlled
by a thermostat element placed within the cabinet at least 100 mm from the walls of the cabinet.
6.3 Means for spraying the salt solution, comprising a supply of clean compressed air at a controlled
pressure, a reservoir to contain the solution to be sprayed and one or more atomizers made of material
resistant to the solution. The compressed-air supply to each atomizer shall be passed through a filter to
remove all traces of oil or solid matter, shall be at a suitable pressure depending upon the type of atomizer
nozzle and shall be adjusted so that the rate of collection of spray in the cabinet and the concentration of the
collected spray are kept within the specified limits in Annexes A, B, C and D.
In order to prevent the evaporation of water from the sprayed droplets (aerosol), the air shall be humidified
before entering the atomizer by passing through a suitable humidifier. The humidified air shall be saturated
such that the concentration of the fallout solution falls within the specifications of Clause 5. The humidified
air shall also be heated such that when mixed with the salt solution and after the adiabatic expansion at the
atomizer, there is no significant disturbance of the temperature in the cabinet. The appropriate temperature
depends on the pressure used and on the type of atomizer. Temperature, pressure or humidification, or
a combination thereof, shall be adjusted so that the rate of collection of the spray in the cabinet and the
concentration of the collected spray are kept within the specified limits in Annexes A, B, C and D. A commonly
used humidifier is the saturation tower where temperature and pressure are con
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ISO/TC 35/SC 9/WG 31
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Date: 2025-08-26
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Secretariat: BSI
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Date: 2026-01-21
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Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic
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St l D fi iti
FDIS stage
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2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
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may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Published in Switzerland
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
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pt, Line spacing: single
ii © ISO #### 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
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Contents
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Foreword . v
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Introduction . vii
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1 Scope . 1 stops: Not at 9 cm
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Salt fog test solution . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 4
8 Test panels . 4
8.1 Material and dimensions. 4
8.2 Preparation and coating of panels . 5
8.3 Drying and conditioning . 5
8.4 Thickness of coating . 5
8.5 Preparation of scribe . 5
9 Method of exposure of test panels and other test components . 7
10 Operating conditions . 7
11 Procedure . 7
12 Examination of test panels . 8
13 Precision . 8
14 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Cycle A . 10
Annex B (normative) Cycle B . 12
Annex C (normative) Cycle C . 14
Annex D (normative) Cycle D . 16
Annex E (informative) Considerations in the design and construction of salt spray cabinets . 18
Bibliography . 19
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope (mandatory) . 1
2 Normative references (mandatory) . 1
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3 Terms and definitions (mandatory) . 1
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4 Clause title . 2
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5 Clause title . 2
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5.1 Subclause title (first level). 2
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iii
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6 Clause title . 3
7 Clause title . 3
Annex A (informative) Annex title e.g. Example of a figure and a table . 4
A.1 Clause title . 4
A.1.1 Subclause title . 4
A.1.2 Subclause title . 4
A.1.2.1 Subclause title . 4
A.1.2.2 Subclause title . 4
A.2 Clause title . 4
Bibliography . 6
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iv © ISO #### 2026 – All rights reserved
iv
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
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related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
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Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
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General test methods for paints and varnishes, in collaboration with the European Committee for
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Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
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This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 11997-1:2017), which has been technically
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
revised.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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The main changes are as follows:
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— — the general warning and warnings for each chemical material have been added;
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— — a figure illustrating the scribe has been added to 8.5;8.5;
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— — the dry air supply for cycle C has been revised;
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— — guidance for salt spray humidification has been added;
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— — the normative references have been updated.
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A list of all parts in the ISO 11997 series can be found on the ISO website.
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Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
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v
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vi © ISO #### 2026 – All rights reserved
vi
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Introduction
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Coatings of paints, varnishes and similar materials are exposed to one of four cycles of wet and dry conditions
specified in this document (see Annexes A, B, C and D),Annexes A, B, C and D), using specified salt solutions in
a cabinet in order to simulate, in the laboratory, processes occurring in aggressive outdoor conditions, such
as marine environments. Generally, correlation between such outdoor weathering and laboratory testing
cannot be expected because of the large number of factors influencing the breakdown process. Correlation can
only be expected if the effect on the coating of important parameters (e.g. the nature of the pollutant, the
spectral distribution of the incident irradiance in the relevant photochemical region, the temperature of the
specimen, the type and cycle of wetting and relative humidity) is known. In contrast to outdoor weathering,
laboratory testing in a cabinet is performed with a reduced number of variables which can be controlled, and
therefore the effects are more reproducible. The method described can also give a means of checking that the
quality of a paint or paint system is being maintained.
The method has been found to be useful in comparing the cyclic salt spray resistance of different coatings. It
is most useful in providing relevant ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in
cyclic salt spray resistance.
The test cycles included in this document have been used successfully, with documented evidence, in the
industry for the assessment of performance. The cycles can be summarized as follows.
— — Cycle A (see Annex A):Annex A): This cycle is specified in Japanese Automobile Standards JASO M 609-
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91 and JASO M 610-92. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
— — Cycle B (see Annex B):Annex B): This cycle is identical to VDA 621-415 (1982-02) and is widely used 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
in Europe. It has also been shown to give good correlation with natural weathering for thermosetting
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paints in vehicle corrosion.
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— — Cycle C (see Annex C):Annex C): This cycle was developed in the UKUnited Kingdom for use with
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water-soluble and latex paint systems and has been shown to give good correlation with natural
weathering.
— — Cycle D (see Annex D):Annex D): This cycle is specified in Japanese Standard JIS K 5621-2003.
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ISO 11997--2 describes a method for determining the cyclic corrosion resistance of paints which includes UV
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exposure as part of the cycle. It has been found to give good correlation with natural weathering for industrial
maintenance coatings.
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ISO 11997-3 describes a method based on a cyclic corrosion test for testing the corrosion protection of
automobiles using coating systems on aluminium, steel or galvanized steel. The test method uses corrosive Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
conditions (temperature and humidity ramps and salt spray) to create realistic corrosion patterns. These
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corrosion patterns are typical for automobiles, and they are comparable in the case of sufficiently similar
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protective coating systems.
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vii
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DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 11997-1:2025(en)
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Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic
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corrosion conditions — —
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Part 1:
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Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
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1 Scope .
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of coatings to one of four defined
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cycles of wet (salt fog)/dry/humid conditions using specified solutions.
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2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, Formatted
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the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
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ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes — Standard panels for testing
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ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
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ISO 3270, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning and
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testing
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ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
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ISO 4628--1, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size .
of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction and designation
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system
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ISO 4628--2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size Formatted
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of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering
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ISO 4628--3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform
changes in appearance — Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
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ISO 4628--4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size
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of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of cracking .
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ISO 4628--5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform
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changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
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ISO 4628--8, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size
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of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination
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and corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defect
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ISO 4628--10, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform
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changes in appearance — Part 10: Assessment of degree of filiform corrosion
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ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
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3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
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— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
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— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
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4 Principle
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WARNING — This document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This
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document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
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determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
A coated test panel is exposed to a cyclic wet (salt fog), drying and humidity test schedule and the effects of
exposure are evaluated by criteria agreed in advance between the interested parties, these criteria usually
being of a subjective nature.
5 Salt fog test solution
Prepare the salt fog test solution by dissolving the salt or salts as given in Annexes A, B, C and DAnnexes A, B,
C and D in distilled or deionized water with a conductivity not higher than 20 µS/cm at 25 °C.
The salts shall be of analytical grade and contain a mass fraction of the heavy metals of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni)
and lead (Pb) in total less than 0,005 %. The solution shall not contain a mass fraction of sodium iodide more
than 0,1 % and a mass fraction of total impurities more than 0,5 % calculated for dry salt.
NOTE 1 Sodium chloride with anti-caking agents can act as corrosion inhibitors or accelerators. Useful sodium
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chloride salt grades include: Ph. Eur/USP or JIS, ACS.
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
If the pH of the solution is outside the required range specified in Annexes A, B, C and D,Annexes A, B, C and D,
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
the presence of undesirable impurities in the salt or the water or both shall be investigated. Check the pH using
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electrometric measurement. Measurements of pH shall be done using electrodes suitable for measuring in
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weakly buffered sodium chloride solutions in deionized water. Any necessary corrections shall be made by
adding hydrochloric acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate or analytical-grade sodium hydroxide, of appropriate
concentrations.
®11)
WARNING — Hydrochloric acid (CAS Registry Number 7647-01-0) solution is toxic, corrosive,
irritating and very toxic to aquatic life. Refer to the safety data sheet provided by the manufacturer for
1 ®
CAS Registry Number is a trademark of the American Chemical Society (ACS). This information is given for the
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convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent
products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
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1) ®
CAS Registry Number is a trademark of the American Chemical Society (ACS). This information is given for the
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convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent
products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. Formatted: FooterPageNumber, Space After: 0 pt, Line
spacing: single
2 © ISO #### 2026 – All rights reserved
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details. Handling of hydrochloric acid solution shall be restricted to skilled personnel or conducted
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under their control. Care shall be taken in the disposal of this solution.
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WARNING — Sodium hydroxide (CAS Registry Number 1310-73-2) solution is toxic, corrosive and
irritating. Refer to the safety data sheet for details. Handling of sodium hydroxide solution shall be
restricted to skilled personnel or conducted under their control. Care shall be taken in the disposal of
this solution.
NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the possible changes in pH resulting from loss of carbon dioxide from the solution when
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it is sprayed or from dissolution of carbon dioxide from the ambient atmosphere. Such changes can be avoided by
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reducing the carbon dioxide content of the solution by, for example, heating it to a temperature above 35 °C before it is
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
placed in the cabinet or making the solution from freshly boiled water.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Filter the solution before placing it in the reservoir of the cabinet in order to remove any solid matter which
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can block the apertures of the spraying device. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
6 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following.
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6.1 6.1 Spray cabinet, made of, or lined with, material resistant to corrosion by the sprayed solution
numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm
and having a roof which prevents condensed moisture dripping onto the test specimens. Due to the
+ 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3
limited capacity of cabinets smaller than 0,4 m , the effect of the loading of the cabinet on the
cm + 7 cm
distribution of the spray and temperature shall be carefully considered. The solution shall not be
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sprayed directly onto test specimens but rather spread throughout the cabinet so that it falls naturally
down on them.
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The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that the salt fog deposition rate is within the limits given in
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Annexes A, B, C and D.Annexes A, B, C and D.
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NOTE Cabinets with a volume greater than 2 m will be difficult to operate unless careful consideration is given to Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
their design and construction.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Factors that should be taken into consideration in the design and construction of the cabinet are given in
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Annex E.Annex E.
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If the cabinet has been used for a spray test, or for any other purpose, using a solution differing from that
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specified for the current test cycle, it shall be thoroughly cleaned before use.
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
6.2 6.2 Hot-air blowers, capable of maintaining the cabinet and its contents at the specified
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
temperatures and achieving the required heating rates specified in Annexes A, B, C and
D.Annexes A, B, C and D. The temperature shall be controlled by a thermostat element placed within
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the cabinet at least 100 mm from the walls of the cabinet.
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6.3 6.3 Means for spraying the salt solution, comprising a supply of clean compressed air at a Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Bold
controlled pressure, a reservoir to contain the solution to be sprayed and one or more atomizers made
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of material resistant to the solution. The compressed-air supply to each atomizer shall be passed
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through a filter to remove all traces of oil or solid matter, shall be at a suitable pressure depending upon
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the type of atomizer nozzle and shall be adjusted so that the rate of collection of spray in the cabinet and
the concentration of the collected spray are kept within the specified limits in Annexes A, B, C and
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D.Annexes A, B, C and D.
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In order to prevent the evaporation of water from the sprayed droplets (aerosol), the air shall be humidified Formatted: FooterCentered, Left, Line spacing: single
before entering the atomizer by passing through a suitable humidifier. The humidified air shall be saturated
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such that the concentration of the fallout solution falls within the specifications of Clause 5.Clause 5. The
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humidified air shall also be heated such that when mixed with the salt solution and after the adiabatic
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expansion at the atomizer, there is no significant disturbance of the temperature in the cabinet. The
appropriate temperature depends on the pressure used and on the type of atomizer. Temperature, pressure
or humidification, or a combination thereof, shall be adjusted so that the rate of collection of the spray in the
cabinet and the concentration of the collected spray are kept within the specified limits in Annexes A, B, C and
D.Annexes A, B, C and D. A commonly used humidifier is the saturation tower where temperature and pressure
are controllable.
The reservoir containing the solution to be sprayed shall be a tank made of material resistant to the solution
and shall be provided with means of maintaining a constant flow of solution to the atomizers.
The atomizers shall be made of inert material, for example glass or plastic.
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NOTE Baffles can be used to prevent direct impingement of spray on the test specimens, and the use of adjustable
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
baffles is helpful in obtaining uniform distribution of spray throughout the cabinet.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
6.4 6.4 Drying-air supply, of (25 ± 5) % relative humidity for cycles A and D (see
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Annexes AAnnexes A and D),D), of (50 ± 20) % relative humidity for cycle B (see
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Annex B)Annex B) and of ≤ 60 % relative humidity for cycle C (see Annex C).Annex C). The air
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should be passed through a filter to remove all traces of oil or solid matter and shall have a flow rate
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sufficient to ensure that no drops of moisture are visible on the panels after the drying time specified
for cycles A and D and after 45 min to 75 min from the start of the dry phase for cycle C. The panels shall
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not be dried by heaters inside the cabinet walls.
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NOTE It is common practice to vent the cabinet to the atmosphere outside the laboratory.
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6.5 6.5 Collecting devices, at least two, of chemically inert material (see Note). The collecting
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devices shall be placed in the zone of the cabinet where the test panels are placed, one close to the spray
atomizer(s) and one remote from the spray atomizer(s). They shall be placed so that only spray and not
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liquid falling from test panels or from parts of the cabinet is collected. If two or more atomizers are used,
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the number of collecting devices shall be at least twice the number of atomizers.
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NOTE Glass funnels with the stems inserted into graduated cylinders have been found to be suitable collecting
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devices. Funnels with a diameter of 100 mm have a collecting area of approximately 80 cm .
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6.6 6.6 Test panel racks, made of inert non-metallic material such as glass, plastic or suitably coated
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wood. Exceptionally, test panels may be suspended. In this case, the material used shall be synthetic
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fibre, cotton thread or other inert insulating material; on no account shall metallic material be used. All
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racks shall be placed at the same level in the cabinet so that the solution cannot drip from panels or
racks at one level onto other panels placed below.
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6.7 6.7 Control equipment, for providing wet (salt fog)/dry/humid cycles for the times and
temperatures specified in Annexes A, B, C and D.Annexes A, B, C and D. Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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7 Sampling
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
Take a representative sample of the product to be tested (or of each product in the case of a multi-coat system)
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as described in ISO 15528.
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Examine and prepare each sample for testing as described in ISO 1513.
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8 Test panels
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8.1 Material and dimensions
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Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test panels shall be of burnished steel complying with ISO 1514 and
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of minimum dimensions 100 mm × 70 mm × 0,3 mm.
spacing: single
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8.2 Preparation and coating of panels
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Unless otherwise specified, prepare each test panel in accordance with ISO 1514 and then coat it by the
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specified method with the product or system under test.
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Unless otherwise specified, the back and edges of the panel shall be coated with the product or system under
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test.
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If the coating on the back and edges of the panel differs from that of the product under test, it shall have a
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corrosion resistance greater than that of the product under test.
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8.3 Drying and conditioning
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Dry (or stove) and age (if applicable) each coated test panel for the specified time under the specified Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
conditions, and then, unless otherwise specified, condition them at a temperature and relative humidity as stops: Not at 0.71 cm
defined in ISO 3270 for at least 16 h, with free circulation of air and without exposing them to direct sunlight.
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The test procedure shall then be carried out as soon as possible.
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8.4 Thickness of coating
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Determine the thickness, in micrometres, of the dried coating by one of the non-destructive procedures
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described in ISO 2808.
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
8.5 Preparation of scribe
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Unless otherwise specified, make a straight scribe with a minimum width of 0,2 mm through the coating to
the substrate as follows. Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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To make the scribe, use a single-blade cutting tool. The scribe shall have an upwards-broadening cross-section,
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which shows a width of 0,2 mm to 1,0 mm of the metallic substrate, as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1. Remove
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any loose debris from the vicinity of the scribe.
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
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Key
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1 coating
between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between
2 substrate Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.7 cm +
1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
a width of scribe mark at surface of coating
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
b width of scribe mark at coating/substrate boundary
c width of scribe mark at maximum penetration into substrate
d penetration of scribe mark into substrate
1 coating
2 substrate
a width of scribe mark at surface of coating
b width of scribe mark at coating/substrate boundary
c width of scribe mark at maximum penetration into substrate
d penetration of scribe mark into substrate
Figure 1 — Cross-sectional shape of scribe mark through a coating
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Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
Do not cut the scribe with a knife.
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For aluminium panels, make two scribes which are perpendicular to, but do not intersect, each other. One Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
scribe shall be parallel to the rolling direction and the other at right angles to it.
All scribes shall be at least 20 mm from each other and from any edge of the test panel, unless agreed
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otherwise.
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Two parallel scribes may also be applied. Unless agreed otherwise, locate the scribes parallel to the longer Formatted: Font: 11 pt
edge of the test panel.
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spacing: single
6 © ISO #### 2026 – All rights reserved
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Care shall be taken in the production of the scribe to ensure uniformity of results.
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9 Method of exposure of test panels and other test components
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PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Peintures et vernis —
Secrétariat: BSI
Détermination de la résistance aux
Début de vote:
conditions de corrosion cyclique —
2026-02-04
Partie 1:
Vote clos le:
2026-04-01
Brouillard salin/sécheresse/
humidité
Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic
corrosion conditions —
Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
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PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Peintures et vernis —
Secrétariat: BSI
Détermination de la résistance aux
Début de vote:
conditions de corrosion cyclique —
2026-02-04
Partie 1:
Vote clos le:
2026-04-01
Brouillard salin/sécheresse/
humidité
Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic
corrosion conditions —
Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid
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Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Principe. 2
5 Solution d’essai de brouillard salin . 2
6 Appareillage . 3
7 Échantillonnage . 4
8 Panneaux d’essai . 4
8.1 Matériau et dimensions .4
8.2 Préparation et revêtement des panneaux .4
8.3 Séchage et conditionnement .5
8.4 Épaisseur du revêtement .5
8.5 Préparation de la rayure.5
9 Méthode d’exposition des panneaux d’essai et des autres objets d'essai . 6
10 Conditions opératoires . 6
11 Mode opératoire . 6
12 Examen des panneaux d’essai . 7
13 Fidélité . 7
14 Rapport d’essai . 7
Annexe A (normative) Cycle A. 9
Annexe B (normative) Cycle B.11
Annexe C (normative) Cycle C .13
Annexe D (normative) Cycle D .15
Annexe E (informative) Considérations pour la conception et la construction des chambres de
pulvérisation . 17
Bibliographie .18
iii
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n’avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l’adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de
propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 35, Peintures et vernis, sous-comité SC 9,
Méthodes générales d’essais des peintures et vernis, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 139,
Peintures et vernis, du Comité européen de normalisation (CEN), conformément à l’Accord de coopération
technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition (ISO 11997-1:2017), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— l’avertissement général et les avertissements pour chaque substance chimique ont été ajoutés;
— une figure illustrant la rayure a été ajoutée au 8.5;
— l’alimentation en air sec pour le cycle C a été révisée;
— des recommandations relatives à l'humidification au brouillard salin ont été ajoutées;
— les références normatives ont été mises à jour.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 11997 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Les revêtements de peintures, de vernis et de produits similaires sont exposés, dans une chambre de
pulvérisation, à l’un des quatre cycles d’humidité et de sécheresse spécifiés dans le présent document
(voir les Annexes A, B, C et D) au moyen de solutions salines données, afin de simuler en laboratoire les
processus qui surviennent dans des conditions extérieures agressives, comme l’environnement marin.
Il n’est généralement pas possible d’établir de corrélation entre les intempéries et les essais en laboratoire,
en raison du grand nombre de facteurs qui influencent le processus de dégradation. On ne peut escompter
de corrélation que si l’on connaît les effets des paramètres importants (par exemple la nature du polluant, la
distribution spectrale de l’éclairement énergétique incident dans la région photochimique correspondante,
la température de l’éprouvette, le type et le cycle de mouillage et d’humidité relative) sur les revêtements.
Contrairement aux conditions extérieures, les essais en chambre de pulvérisation sont réalisés avec
un nombre réduit de variables, qui peuvent être contrôlées, et dont les effets sont donc plus facilement
reproductibles. La méthode décrite peut également fournir un moyen de vérifier que la qualité d’une peinture
ou d’un système de peinture est conservée.
La méthode s’est avérée utile pour comparer la résistance des différents revêtements à une exposition
cyclique au brouillard salin. Elle est très utile pour l’obtention de caractéristiques correspondantes pour une
série de panneaux revêtus, présentant des différences importantes de résistance à une exposition cyclique
au brouillard salin.
Les cycles d’essai décrits dans le présent document ont été utilisés avec succès dans l’industrie,
pour l’évaluation des performances, et font l’objet de preuves écrites. Ces cycles peuvent être récapitulés
comme suit:
— cycle A (voir l’Annexe A): ce cycle est spécifié dans les normes de l’industrie automobile japonaise
JASO M 609-91 et JASO M 610-92;
— cycle B (voir l’Annexe B): ce cycle est identique à celui de la norme VDA 621-415 (1982-02) et est très utilisé
en Europe. Il a également été montré qu’il permet d’obtenir une bonne corrélation avec le vieillissement
naturel pour la corrosion des véhicules dans le cas des peintures thermodurcissables;
— cycle C (voir l’Annexe C): ce cycle a été mis au point récemment au Royaume-Uni pour les systèmes de
peintures solubles dans l’eau ou au latex, et il s’est avéré qu’il permettait d’obtenir une bonne corrélation
avec les résultats du vieillissement naturel;
— cycle D (voir l’Annexe D): ce cycle est spécifié dans la Norme japonaise JIS K 5621-2003.
L’ISO 11997-2 décrit une méthode de détermination de la résistance des peintures à la corrosion cyclique, le
cycle comprenant l’exposition aux UV. Il s’est avéré qu’elle permettait d’obtenir une bonne corrélation avec le
vieillissement naturel des revêtements d’entretien industriels.
L'ISO 11997-3 décrit une méthode fondée sur un essai de corrosion cyclique permettant d’évaluer la
protection contre la corrosion fournie par des systèmes de revêtements appliqués sur l’aluminium, l’acier
ou l’acier galvanisé dans l’industrie automobile. Les conditions de corrosion (rampes de température
et d’humidité et brouillard salin) mises en œuvre dans la méthode d'essai sont destinées à obtenir des
modèles de corrosion réalistes. Ces modèles de corrosion sont caractéristiques de l’industrie automobile et
peuvent être comparés les uns aux autres lorsque les systèmes de revêtements protecteurs se ressemblent
suffisamment.
v
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 11997-1:2026(fr)
Peintures et vernis — Détermination de la résistance aux
conditions de corrosion cyclique —
Partie 1:
Brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode pour la détermination de la résistance des revêtements à l’un des
quatre cycles définis, brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité, au moyen de solutions spécifiques.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 1513, Peintures et vernis — Examen et préparation des échantillons pour essai
ISO 1514, Peintures et vernis — Panneaux normalisés pour essai
ISO 2808, Peintures et vernis — Détermination de l'épaisseur du feuil
ISO 3270, Peintures et vernis et leurs matières premières — Températures et humidités pour le conditionnement
et l'essai
ISO 4618, Peintures et vernis — Vocabulaire
ISO 4628-1, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la dégradation des revêtements — Désignation de la quantité
et de la dimension des défauts, et de l'intensité des changements uniformes d'aspect — Partie 1: Introduction
générale et système de désignation
ISO 4628-2, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la dégradation des revêtements — Désignation de la quantité
et de la dimension des défauts, et de l'intensité des changements uniformes d'aspect — Partie 2: Évaluation du
degré de cloquage
ISO 4628-3, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la quantité et de la dimension des défauts, et de l’intensité des
changements uniformes d’aspect — Partie 3: Évaluation du degré d’enrouillement
ISO 4628-4, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la dégradation des revêtements — Désignation de la quantité
et de la dimension des défauts, et de l'intensité des changements uniformes d'aspect — Partie 4: Évaluation du
degré de craquelage
ISO 4628-5, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la quantité et de la dimension des défauts, et de l’intensité des
changements uniformes d’aspect — Partie 5: Évaluation du degré d’écaillage
ISO 4628-8, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la dégradation des revêtements — Désignation de la quantité
et de la dimension des défauts, et de l'intensité des changements uniformes d'aspect — Partie 8: Évaluation du
degré de décollement et de corrosion autour d'une rayure ou d'un autre défaut artificiel
ISO 4628-10, Peintures et vernis — Évaluation de la quantité et de la dimension des défauts, et de l’intensité des
changements uniformes d’aspect — Partie 10: Évaluation du degré de corrosion filiforme
ISO 15528, Peintures, vernis et matières premières pour peintures et vernis — Échantillonnage
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et les définitions de l’ISO 4618 s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principe
AVERTISSEMENT — Le présent document peut impliquer la mise en œuvre de matériaux, d’opérations
et de matériels dangereux. Le présent document n’a pas pour but de traiter tous les problèmes de
sécurité qui sont, le cas échéant, liés à son utilisation. Il incombe à l’utilisateur du présent document
d’établir, avant de l’utiliser, des pratiques d’hygiène et de sécurité appropriées et de déterminer
l’applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires.
Un panneau d’essai revêtu est exposé à un cycle d’essai de brouillard salin/sécheresse/humidité et les effets
de l’exposition sont évalués selon des critères convenus à l’avance entre les parties intéressées, ces critères
étant habituellement de nature subjective.
5 Solution d’essai de brouillard salin
Préparer la solution d’essai de brouillard salin en dissolvant le ou les sels comme indiqué dans les Annexes AB,
C et D, dans de l’eau distillée ou déionisée avec une conductivité ne dépassant pas 20 µS/cm à 25 °C.
Les sels doivent être de qualité analytique et contenir une fraction en masse totale des métaux lourds cuivre
(Cu), nickel (Ni) et plomb (Pb) inférieure à 0,005 %. La solution ne doit pas contenir une fraction en masse
d’iodure de sodium supérieure à 0,1 % ni une fraction en masse d’impuretés totales supérieure à 0,5 %
calculées pour le sel sec.
NOTE 1 Le chlorure de sodium associé à des antimottants peut agir comme un inhibiteur ou un accélérateur de
corrosion. Des qualités de sel de chlorure de sodium utiles incluent Ph. Eur/USP ou JIS, ACS.
Si le pH de la solution n’est pas compris dans la plage requise spécifiée dans les Annexes A, B, C et D, la
présence d’impuretés indésirables dans le sel, l’eau ou les deux doit être vérifiée. Vérifier le pH à l’aide
d’un mesurage électrométrique. Les mesurages du pH doivent être effectués à l’aide d’électrodes adaptées
au mesurage dans des solutions faiblement tamponnées de chlorure de sodium dans de l’eau désionisée.
Si des corrections sont nécessaires, de l’acide chlorhydrique, du bicarbonate de sodium ou de l’hydroxyde de
sodium de qualité analytique doivent être ajoutés à des concentrations appropriées.
1)
AVERTISSEMENT — Une solution d’acide chlorhydrique (numéro de registre CAS® 7647-01-
0) est toxique, corrosive, irritante et très toxique pour la vie aquatique. Se référer à la fiche de
données de sécurité fournie par le fabricant pour plus de détails. La manipulation d’une solution
d’acide chlorhydrique doit être réservée au personnel qualifié ou effectuée sous son contrôle. Des
précautions doivent être prises lors de l’élimination de cette solution. ®
AVERTISSEMENT — Une solution d’hydroxyde de sodium (numéro de registre CAS 1310-73-2) est
toxique, corrosive et irritante. Se référer à la fiche de données de sécurité pour plus de détails. La
manipulation d’une solution d’hydroxyde de sodium doit être réservée au personnel qualifié ou
effectuée sous son contrôle. Des précautions doivent être prises lors de l’élimination de cette solution. ®
1) Le CAS Registry Number® (N° CAS ) est une appellation commerciale de l’American Chemical Society (ACS). Cette
information est donnée à l’intention des utilisateurs du présent document et ne signifie nullement que l’ISO approuve
l’emploi du produit ainsi désigné. Des produits équivalents peuvent être utilisés s’il est démontré qu’ils aboutissent aux
mêmes résultats.
NOTE 2 L’attention est attirée sur le risque de changement de pH du fait que la solution perd du dioxyde de carbone
lorsqu’elle est pulvérisée ou du fait de sa dissolution dans l’atmosphère ambiante. Pour l’éviter, il est possible de
réduire la teneur en dioxyde de carbone de la solution, par exemple en la chauffant à une température supérieure à
35 °C avant de l’introduire dans la chambre de pulvérisation ou en utilisant une eau que l’on vient de faire bouillir pour
préparer la solution.
Filtrer la solution avant de la placer dans le réservoir de la chambre afin d’éliminer les matières solides
susceptibles d’obturer les orifices du pulvérisateur.
6 Appareillage
Verrerie et appareillage courant de laboratoire, ainsi que ce qui suit.
6.1 Chambre de pulvérisation, fabriquée en une matière rendue résistante à la corrosion par la solution
pulvérisée ou chemisée avec cette matière et comportant un plafond qui empêche l’égouttement de l’humidité
condensée sur les éprouvettes. En raison de la capacité limitée des chambres de moins de 0,4 m , l’effet du
chargement de la chambre sur la répartition de la solution pulvérisée et la température doit être considéré
attentivement. La solution ne doit pas être pulvérisée directement sur les éprouvettes, mais plutôt répandue
dans toute la chambre de manière à ruisseler naturellement sur les éprouvettes.
Les dimensions et la forme de la chambre doivent être telles que la vitesse de dépôt du brouillard salin soit
comprise dans les limites indiquées dans les Annexes A, B, C et D.
NOTE Il est difficile de mettre en œuvre des chambres d’un volume supérieur à 2 m si l’on n’a pas apporté le plus
grand soin à leur conception et à leur construction.
Les paramètres qu'il convient de prendre en considération dans la conception et la construction de la
chambre sont donnés dans l’Annexe E.
Si la chambre a été utilisée, pour un essai de pulvérisation ou autre, avec une solution différente de celle
spécifiée pour le cycle d’essai en cours, elle doit être soigneusement nettoyée avant utilisation.
6.2 Systèmes de chauffage à air pulsé, permettant de maintenir la chambre et son contenu aux
températures spécifiées et d’obtenir les vitesses de chauffage requises, spécifiées dans les Annexes A, B, C
et D. La température doit être réglée au moyen d’un thermostat placé dans la chambre, à 100 mm au moins
des parois.
6.3 Dispositif de pulvérisation de la solution saline, composé d’un système d’alimentation en air
comprimé propre à une pression contrôlée, d’un réservoir contenant la solution à pulvériser et d’un ou
de plusieurs pulvérisateurs constitués d’un matériau résistant à la solution. L’alimentation de chaque
pulvérisateur en air comprimé doit se faire à travers un filtre qui élimine toute trace d’huile ou de matières
solides, à une pression appropriée selon le type de buse de pulvérisation, et doit être réglée de façon à
maintenir la vitesse de récupération de la solution pulvérisée dans la chambre et la concentration de la
solution recueillie dans les limites spécifiées dans les Annexes A, B, C et D.
Afin d’empêcher l’évaporation de l’eau des gouttelettes pulvérisées (aérosol), l’air doit être humidifié avant
d’entrer dans le pulvérisateur, par passage au travers d’un humidificateur approprié. L’air humidifié doit être
saturé de sorte que la concentration de la solution pulvérisée se situe dans les limites spécifiées à l’Article 5.
L’air humidifié doit également être chauffé de sorte que, lorsqu’il est mélangé à la solution saline et après la
détente adiabatique au niveau du pulvérisateur, il n’y ait pas de perturbation significative de la température
dans la chambre. La température convenable dépend de la pression utilisée et du type de pulvérisateur.
La température, la pression ou l’humidification, ou une combinaison de celles-ci, doivent être réglées de
manière à maintenir la quantité de solution recueillie dans la chambre et la concentration de la solution
recueillie dans les limites spécifiées dans les Annexes A, B, C et D. Un humidificateur couramment utilisé est
un saturateur dans lequel la température et la pression peuvent être régulées.
Le réservoir contenant la solution à pulvériser doit être constitué d’un matériau résistant à la solution et
être équipé de dispositifs permettant de maintenir un débit constant de la solution vers les pulvérisateurs.
Les pulvérisateurs doivent être en matériaux i
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