ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020

ISO/IEC TR 30166
Edition 1.0 2020-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT

colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Industrial IoT


ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020-04(en)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2020 ISO/IEC, Geneva, Switzerland

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about ISO/IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.


IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland

About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished

Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and once 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC
publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need CISPR.

further assistance, please contact the Customer Service

Centre: sales@iec.ch.

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 30166


Edition 1.0 2020-04




TECHNICAL



REPORT









colour

inside










Internet of things (IoT) – Industrial IoT




























INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION






ICS 25-040-40; 35.020; 35.240.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-8251-9




  Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Abbreviated terms . 10
5 IIoT systems and landscape, see [1] . 12
5.1 Overview. 12
5.1.1 General . 12
5.1.2 Architecture . 15
5.1.3 Implementation of IIoT systems . 15
5.1.4 IIoT use case implementations . 16
5.1.5 Edge (fog) computing in IIoT, see [2] . 16
5.1.6 Interoperability and conformance . 16
5.1.7 IIoT characteristics trustworthiness . 17
5.1.8 Wearables in IIoT . 18
5.1.9 Cross-cutting activities on IIoT . 18
5.2 Analysis consideration on IIoT landscape of systems . 19
5.2.1 General . 19
5.2.2 IIoT systems and architecture . 19
5.2.3 IIoT application (virtual/physical use case) . 22
5.2.4 IIoT connectivity . 23
5.2.5 IIoT interoperability focus . 23
5.2.6 The IIoT user, see [20] . 23
5.2.7 IIoT migration strategies, see [29] . 24
5.3 General definition of IIoT and smart manufacturing (SM) . 25
5.3.1 Definition of IIoT . 25
5.3.2 Cyber physical systems differentiation in the IIoT . 26
5.3.3 Industrial Internet to CPPS and CPS definition . 26
5.3.4 Smart Manufacturing differentiation vs. IIoT . 26
5.3.5 Verticals of IoT market . 26
5.4 Smart Manufacturing and IIoT . 28
5.4.1 General . 28
5.4.2 The IIoT high-level view . 28
5.4.3 Industrial products/services life cycle – in IIoT/Smart Manufacturing . 30
5.4.4 Industrial manufacturing/automation through (IT/OT) standardization –
CPPS . 30
5.5 Collaboration considerations on an IIoT reference architecture for
standardization (use case driven) . 31
5.5.1 General . 31
5.5.2 General comparison of RAs and models on IIoT, see [37] . 31
5.5.3 IIoT systems characteristics: connectivity and communication aspects . 31
5.5.4 IIoT semantic aspects: IIoT characteristics . 32
5.5.5 Data scale in IIoT . 37
5.5.6 Runtime integration of IIoT . 37
5.5.7 Edge computing in IIoT . 37
5.5.8 The endpoint – considerations on IIoT . 37

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 3 –
5.5.9 “Dependability” for IIoT systems (IEC TC 56) . 38
6 Considerations for future standardization of IIoT . 38
6.1 Main findings by this document on IIoT standardization . 38
6.2 Risk for standards development on IIoT . 39
6.2.1 General . 39
6.2.2 Avoiding work duplication on IIoT standards development – across
SDOs . 39
6.2.3 Important to IIoT: "semantics above syntax", see [55] . 39
6.2.4 Standards for handling the “ownership of data” in IIoT, see [56] . 39
6.2.5 Vocabulary definitions – issues to IIoT . 40
6.3 Perspective to development of standards for IIoT . 40
6.3.1 "Digital twins" – as a generic concept in IIoT . 40
6.3.2 (AI) Artificial Intelligence to be used by IIoT (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42) . 41
6.3.3 Federation of cloud in/between IIoT systems (DIN SPEC 92222) . 42
6.3.4 Future standardization on: “microservices and micro-applications in IIoT”

see [40] . 42
6.3.5 “Blockchain technology” – future standardization in IIoT . 42
6.3.6 “Wearables” (in IIoT) . 43
6.3.7 Compatibility requirements and model – for devices – within IIoT
systems . 43
6.4 Roadmap perspective analysis for future standardization work for IIoT . 45
6.4.1 Future standardization work for IIoT as a vertical domain of the IoT . 45
6.4.2 ISO/IEC collaboration in relation to IIoT . 47
Annex A (informative) Listing of all SDOs, non-SDOs, consortia, FOSS (free open
source systems) in context of the IIoT mentioned in this document . 50
A.1 SDOs recognized/identified as of interest to IIoT and also in relation to
Clause 5 on standardization landscape in IIoT . 50
A.1.1 General . 50
rd
A.1.2 3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project . 50
A.1.3 ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) . 51
A.1.4 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) . 51
A.1.5 ISO/IEC . 52
A.2 IIoT related initiatives/engagements by national standardization bodies . 61
A.2.1 General . 61
A.2.2 Sweden – LISA . 61
A.2.3 France – “Usine du Futur”, see [67] . 62
A.2.4 Germany – Industrie 4.0, see [68] . 63
A.2.5 Korea – “Korea – Manufacturing Industry Innovation 3.0 strategy”, . 63
A.2.6 China – Industrial Initiatives (Standards Development) . 64
A.2.7 Japan (RRI and IVI) . 65
A.2.8 USA – CPS/CPPS/IIoT Standards Initiatives . 67
A.2.9 IIoT activities by EC EU . 69
A.3 Industrial consortia recognized/identified as being of interest on working

about the IIoT . 69
A.3.1 General . 69
A.3.2 Alliance of Industrial Internet: “Chinese Model of Smart Manufacturing
in context of program China Manufacturing 2025” [70] . 70
A.3.3 5G-ACIA in IIoT, and Smart Manufacturing . 70
A.3.4 China Edge Computing Consortium ECC . 71
A.3.5 DMG (Data Mining Group) . 71

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 4 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
A.3.6 eCl@ss . 71
A.3.7 IIC (Industrial Internet Consortium) . 73
A.3.8 International Data Spaces . 73
A.3.9 Industrial Value Chain Initiative (IVI) . 73
A.3.10 ISA (International Society of Automation) . 74
A.3.11 oneM2M – also linked to ETSI above . 74
A.3.12 OPC Foundation . 74
A.3.13 Automation ML . 75
A.3.14 OMAC (Organization for Machine Automation and Control), see [71] . 75
A.3.15 IIoT Semantic: WiSE-IoT (Worldwide interoperability for semantics IoT),
see [72] . 75
A.4 RFC-based standards development recognized as being of interest to IIoT . 76
A.4.1 General . 76
A.4.2 IETF/IRTF on IT Section related standards development also in IIoT . 76
A.4.3 OASIS – Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information
Standards . 77
A.4.4 OCF (Open Connectivity Foundation) . 77
A.4.5 ODVA – Open DeviceNet Vendors Association . 78
A.4.6 OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) . 78
A.4.7 OMG (Object Management Group) . 79
A.4.8 OpenFog Consortium – former, now part of IIC . 80
A.4.9 The Open Group . 80
A.4.10 Project Haystack – IIoT Semantic . 81
A.4.11 W3C – World Wide Web Consortium . 81
A.5 Consortial work on standardization by reference . 82
A.5.1 General . 82
A.5.2 IIRA (by IIC) . 82
A.5.3 Bluetooth SIG . 83
A.5.4 IO-Link – on Wireless Industrial RealTime Communication . 83
Bibliography . 85


Figure 1 – Six typical features of IIoT . 8
Figure 2 – IIoT mapping landscape description for SDO and non-SDO, consortia,
FOSS . 14
Figure 3 – Trustworthiness functional components as identified in ISO/IEC 30141:2018 . 18
Figure 4 – Migration approach towards IIoT systems . 25
Figure 5 – IoT SDOs and alliances landscape (vertical and horizontal domains) . 27
Figure 6 – Layout of the overall view on IIoT in the SC 41 context – the IoT bird’s eye
view in ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41, see [34]. . 29
Figure 7 – Diagram showing that the IIoT is part of the IoT applications domain (bird’s
eye view), see [35] . 30
Figure 8 – IIoT connectivity stack from IICF, see [38] . 32
Figure 9 – The semiotic triangle . 33
Figure 10 – Semantics in IIoT meaning context, i.e. sensing . 36
Figure A.1 – Structure of IEC TC 65 and ISO/TC 184 JWG 21 . 58
Figure A.2 – ISO/IEC Taskforce Standards Map Smart Manufacturing . 59
Figure A.3 – KOSF logo . 64
Figure A.4 – Link reference on Chinese GB/T standards vs. OPC/UA . 65

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 5 –
Figure A.5 – Robot Revolution & Industrial IoT Initiative . 66
Figure A.6 – RRI and cooperative relationship . 66
Figure A.7 – Industrial Value Chain Initiative (IVI) . 67
Figure A.8 – NIST logo . 68
Figure A.9 – eCl@ss in Context to other SDO’s and institutions . 72
Figure A.10 – Activities in the BIM domain: . 72
Figure A.11 – Overview of the W3C WoT Building Blocks . 82

Table A.1 – List of protocol for IIoT / SM use case by NC China . 64

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) – INDUSTRIAL IoT

FOREWORD
1) ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have
established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC and ISO on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested IEC National Committees and ISO member bodies.
3) IEC, ISO and ISO/IEC publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted
by IEC National Committees and ISO member bodies in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to
ensure that the technical content of IEC, ISO and ISO/IEC publications is accurate, IEC or ISO cannot be held
responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees and ISO member bodies undertake to
apply IEC, ISO and ISO/IEC publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and
regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC, ISO or ISO/IEC publication and the corresponding
national or regional publication should be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC and ISO do not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC or ISO are not responsible
for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or ISO or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts
and members of their technical committees and IEC National Committees or ISO member bodies for any
personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for
costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication of, use of, or reliance upon, this ISO/IEC
publication or any other IEC, ISO or ISO/IEC publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this ISO/IEC publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC and ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC and ISO technical committees is to prepare International Standards.
However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report when it
has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International
Standard, for example "state of the art".
ISO/IEC TR 30166, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by subcommittee 41:
Internet of Things and related technologies, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1:
Information technology.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
JTC1-SC41/95/DTR JTC1-SC41/113/RVDTR

Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) is an identified vertical of the IoT, as seen throughout
this document in general.
It consists of Industrial (electronic) communication-capable electronic systems and devices,
which can be recognized as the integration base, to allow seamless communication, data
processing, data access and data exchange in regard to sensors (sensing), auto-ID
(automatic (global, unique) identification), and actors (acting, steering).
This is connected based upon a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous – mostly, but not
exclusively, IP based – networking structure, capable of being able to interact seamlessly, in
a flat, mesh or hierarchical architecture.
This document is intended for those users who want to get a large-scale informative overview
of the current standardization activities and standardization landscape of SDOs, consortia and
open-source communities in the field of IIoT.
Therefore, it is primarily intended for standardization managers, system architects, OT and IT
specialists with a substantial understanding of technical language in the context of discrete
manufacturing and/or process industries and with a focus on future global advanced smart
industries.
It lists also national and cooperative initiatives in regard to IIoT and the partly touching field of
Smart Manufacturing – with at least distinct working activities on IIoT in terms of their
capabilities and individual working scope. It also lists the identified ones in Annex A.
First of all, a definition is used based upon work by CESI in the whitepaper on IIoT from the
China NC in 2017:
"IIoT is a new industrial ecosystem of service driven built based on the network
interconnection, data interoperability and system interoperability of industrial
resources, to realize the flexible configuration of the manufacturing materials, the on-
demand execution of the manufacturing process, the rational optimization of the
manufacturing process and the rapid adaptation of the manufacturing environment,
and to achieve the efficient utilization of the resources.
IIoT shows six typical features: intelligent perception, ubiquitous connectivity, precise
control, digital modelling, real-time analysis and iterative optimization. (See Figure 1.)
Intelligent perception. It is the base of IIoT. The massive data generated from
industrial production, logistics, sales and other industrial chain links are the
information data of different dimensions in the industrial life cycle obtained by IIoT in
such perceptual means as the sensor and RFID, including: State information about
industrial resources, such as personnel, machines, raw materials, processes and
environment.
Ubiquitous connectivity. It is the precondition of IIoT. Industrial resources are
connected or linked to the Internet through wired or wireless ways, forming a
convenient and efficient information channel for IIoT and realizing interconnection and
intercommunication of industrial resource data, and the breadth and depth of the
connection between machines and machines, machines and people, machines and the
environment are expanded.
Digital modelling. It is the method of IIoT. Digital modelling maps industrial resources
into digital space, and simulates industrial production processes in a virtual world,
which can realize the abstract modelling of all elements in industrial production
process by virtue of the powerful information processing ability in digital space and
provide effective decision-making for the operation of industrial chain of IIoT entities.

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
Real-time analysis. It is the means of IIoT. The perceived industrial resource data can
be processed in real time in in digital space by means of technical analysis, to obtain
the internal relationship between the state of industrial resources in the virtual and the
real space; in addition, the abstract data can be further visualized to complete the
real-time response of external physical entities.
Precise control. It is the purpose of IIoT. Through the processes of state perception,
information interconnection, digital modelling, real-time analysis, etc. of industrial
resources, the precise control can be converted into the control commands that the
industrial resource entities can understand based on the decision formed in virtual
space, and then practical operation shall be conducted to achieve precise information
interaction and seamless collaboration of industrial resources.
Iterative optimization. It is the effect of IIoT. IIoT system can learn and upgrade itself
continuously. It can form effective and inheritable knowledge base, model base and
resource base by processing, analyzing and storing industrial resource data. It can
iterate and optimize till the optimal goal facing industrial resource manufacturing raw
materials, manufacturing processes, manufacturing processes and manufacturing
environment."

SOURCE: CESI
Figure 1 – Six typical features of IIoT

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/IEC
...