ISO 29584:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 29584
First edition
2015-12-01
Glass in building — Pendulum impact
testing and classification of safety glass
Verre dans la construction — Essai d’impact au pendule et
classification du verre de sécurité
Reference number
ISO 29584:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test requirements . 2
5 Test method . 3
5.1 Test apparatus . 3
5.2 Calibration of test apparatus.12
5.3 Test pieces .12
5.3.1 General.12
5.3.2 Dimensions of the test pieces .12
5.3.3 Number of test pieces .12
5.3.4 Preparation of the test pieces .12
5.4 Impact test procedure .12
6 Classification .13
6.1 General .13
6.2 Drop height class .14
6.3 Mode of breakage .14
6.4 Performance classification.14
7 Test report .15
Annex A (normative) Method of fabrication of the shot bag impactor .17
Annex B (normative) Calibration of the test rig .23
Annex C (normative) Sphere penetration test .29
Annex D (informative) Example of a test rig .30
Annex E (informative) Terms and definitions of glass types .33
Annex F (informative) Example of release mechanism .35
Bibliography .40
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC 2, Use
considerations.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TS 29584:2012, which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Introduction
Accidental human impact with glass panes can be a source of injury. The classification of glass in terms
of its ability to withstand impact and the consequences of the glass breaking under such impact has
been considered in many countries. The use of a soft body impactor to represent a human body has
enabled regulators, code officials and other control organizations to specify glazing that reduces the
risk of cutting and piercing injuries.
This International Standard has been prepared as a means of detailing the differences and similarities
in pendulum impact tests for the classification of safety glass.
The traditional impactor has been a lead shot-filled leather bag. This has been found to suffer from
ageing or shape change and variability in the energy transfer into the test piece if not properly
maintained. It has been found that there can be wide variation in the supporting frame or sub-frame.
During their work, CEN /TC 129/WG 13 examined some of the problems associated with the lead shot-
filled leather bag impactor and the supporting frame. CEN/TC 129/WG 13 prepared EN 12600 that uses
an impactor consisting of steel masses and two tyres.
The primary objectives in developing the new impactor for the evaluation of safety glass can be
summarized as follows:
a) elimination of the differences between
1) taped and un-taped lead shot bags and
2) lead shot bags and bags filled with sand or glass beads;
b) ageing of lead shot bag;
c) elimination of the use of lead shot;
d) harmonization of national impact test methods.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29584:2015(E)
Glass in building — Pendulum impact testing and
classification of safety glass
1 Scope
The purpose of this International Standard is to evaluate, by means of soft body impactors, safe
breakage characteristics of glazing products intended to reduce cutting and piercing injuries to persons
through accidental impact.
This International Standard examines test methods currently employed to determine the pendulum
impact performance of safety glass. Use of the methodologies in this International Standard improves
the reproducibility of test results and gives a common basis of classification. The aim is for the
performance of glass products manufactured and tested in various countries to be better understood
and more consistent.
Two types of soft body impactors are defined. The traditional shot bag impactor is detailed both in
terms of manufacture and maintenance in an attempt to overcome problems associated with such
impactors becoming misshapen. The twin tyre impactor is also detailed.
The test equipment, excluding the impactor, is also described. A method of calibrating the test frame is
given. The benefit of calibrating the test equipment is the increased reproducibility of the test results.
Classification of glass products is also detailed. The classification system allows information on the
following to be given:
a) the maximum drop height at which the glass either did not break or broke safely, i.e. in a manner
similar to laminated glass or toughened glass;
b) the manner in which the glass would break, i.e. as toughened glass, laminated glass, annealed glass,
irrespective of whether or not the glass was broken during the test;
c) the maximum drop height at which the glass either did not break or broke safely, i.e. in a manner
similar to laminated glass.
This International Standard does not specify the intended use of the products, but provides a method
of classification in terms of the performance of the materials being tested. The impact energy used for
the various levels of classification are designed to provide the intended user or the legislator with the
information to assist in defining the level of safety and protection required relative to the intended
location at which the selected safety glass is to be used.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD
and 100 IRHD)
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Minimum requirements
ISO 4251-1, Tyres (ply rating marked series) and rims for agricultural tractors and machines — Part 1: Tyre
designation and dimensions, and approved rim contours
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
safety glass
glazing material so treated, constructed or combined with other materials that, if fractured or broken
by accidental human contact, gives fragments which are less likely to pierce or to cause severe cuts
than fragments of ordinary annealed glass, or the likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries that might
result from such contact is minimized by glass shard containment
EXAMPLE Laminated glasses and thermally toughened glasses are types of safety glazing material.
3.2
soft body impactor
impactor that is representative of a human body
EXAMPLE A soft body impactor can be either a shot bag (see 5.1.3.1) or a twin tyre (see 5.1.3.2) type.
3.3
asymmetric material
glass that has different surface characteristics on opposite faces, e.g. patterning, coating, or
manufactured from laminations of glass or plastics glazing sheet material together with interlayer
materials that are arranged in different sequential order and of varying thicknesses
3.4
drop height
vertical height from the horizontal centre line of the impactor at the point of release to the horizontal
centre line of the impactor when at rest vertically
3.5
crack-free particle
piece of glass that does not contain any cracks that run from one edge to another
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
1, 3 numbers of crack free particles in each piece of glass
Figure 1 — Example of crack free particles
3.6
masking
temporary protective covering applied to the test piece for ease of transportation
4 Test requirements
4.1 When tested by the method given in Clause 5, each test piece shall either not break or shall break
as defined in one of 4.2 and 4.3.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

4.2 Numerous cracks appear, but no shear or opening is allowed within the test piece through which
a (76 ± 1) mm diameter sphere can pass when a maximum force of 25 N is applied (in accordance
with Annex C).
Additionally, if particles are detached from the test piece up to 3 min after impact, they shall, in total,
2
weigh no more than the mass equivalent to 10 000 mm of the original test piece. The largest single
2
particle shall weigh no more than the mass equivalent of 4 400 mm of the original test piece. Within
5 min of impact and disintegration occurs the 10 largest crack-free particles collected shall weigh no
2
more than the mass equivalent to 6 500 mm of the original test piece. The particles shall be selected
only from the portion of the original test piece exposed in the test frame. Only the exposed area of any
particle retained in the test frame shall be taken into account in determining the mass equivalent.
4.3 The 10 largest crack-free particles collected within 3 min after impact shall weigh no more than
2
the mass equivalent of 6 500 mm of the original test piece.
5 Test method
5.1 Test apparatus
5.1.1 Main frame, constructed from welded or bolted, hot-rolled steel channel sections with rounded
edges, designed to present a rigid and flat surface to the sub-frame. See Figures 2 and 3. The lower cross
members shall be securely fixed to a concrete floor.
NOTE Additional support to the frame can be provided, if required, by means of horizontal steel sections
fixed to an adjacent rigid wall (see Figure 2, key 4).
The dimensions of the main frame (see Figure 4) shall be as follows:
a) internal width: (847 ± 5) mm;
b) internal height: (1 910 ± 5) mm.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Key
1 main frame
2 clamping frame
3 impactor
4 optional support member
5 optional suspension device
Figure 2 — Test frame
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Key
A suspension cable
B traction cable
C drop height
D impactor distance from sample
E support member
F optional support member
1
F cross members
2
G bracket (5 mm ≤ d ≤ 15 mm)
θ impactor angle from horizontal
Figure 3 — Side elevation of the main frame with the impactor
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Dimensions and tolerances in millimetres
Figure 4 — Dimensions of the front elevation of the frame
5.1.2 Clamping frame, fitted on to the main frame and used to hold the test piece in position for the
duration of the test, consisting of two rectangular parts which clamp the test piece along its perimeter.
See Figure 5. The inner part of the clamping frame is attached to the main frame.
The assembly is held together by a clamping device. The clamping frame shall be suitably rigid to
withstand the pressure exerted by the clamping device.
The dimensions of the clamping frame shall be as follows:
a) internal width: (847 ± 5) mm;
b) internal height: (1 910 ± 5) mm.
Each part of the clamping frame shall be fitted with a strip of rubber. The rubber strips shall be the only
element in contact with the test piece and shall be (20 ± 2) mm wide and (10 ± 1) mm thick and have a
hardness of (60 ± 5) IRHD in accordance with ISO 48.
NOTE Polychloroprene (polychloroprene) or a similar material is suitable.
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Key
A clamping frame, e.g. ~100 mm × 50 mm × 8 mm
B rubber strips (20 ± 2) mm × (10 ± 1) mm
C test piece
D outer part of the main frame, e.g. ~100 mm × 50 mm × 8 mm
E inner part of the main frame, e.g. ≤100 mm × 50 mm
Figure 5 — Example of clamping of the test piece
5.1.3 Impactor, of type 5.1.3.1 or 5.1.3.2, suitable for use with the suspension device (5.1.4) and
release mechanism (5.1.5).
5.1.3.1 Lead shot bag.
5.1.3.1.1 General description.
The bag (see Figure 6) is a reinforced leather bag filled with chilled lead shot of diameter (2,5 ± 0,1) mm
providing a total mass of (45 ± 0,1) kg. The bag is constructed of 1,5 mm thick pliable leather (see Figure 7).
5.1.3.1.2 Method of manufacture.
See Annex A.
5.1.3.1.3 Maintenance. Inspect the shot bag impactor at intervals of 1 000 impacts and calibrate as
required. If the tape of the impactor is damaged (e.g. when glass fibres are apparent, or the leather bag
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 7

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

is visible), it shall be removed and replaced according to Annex A. When the deformation of the impactor
is beyond the tolerances, the impactor shall be reshaped manually. If the impactor cannot be restored to
within the tolerances, it shall be replaced.
Remove all glass particles embedded in the surface of the impactor.
The tolerances of dimensions for the impactor are shown in Figure 6.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Dimensions and tolerances in millimetres
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
7
8
9
10
4
11
4
Key
No. required Remarks
1 eye nut 2 M10
2 plane washer 2 M10
3 hexagonal nut 10 M10
4 spring washer 4 M10
5 sleeve nut 1 length: 25 mm; diameter: 32 mm
6 hose clamp 1
7 glass fibre-reinforced adhesive polyester 3 rolls width: 12 mm; thickness: 0,15 mm
tape (see Note 2)
8 leather bag 1 synthetic leather (see Note 1)
9 lead shot ~45 kg chilled shot, diameter: (2,5 ± 0,1) mm
10 threaded metal rod 1 M10 Length: 400 mm
11 metal washer 2 thickness: (4,8 ± 1,6) mm;diameter: (76 ± 3) mm
NOTE 1 The bag is made of the synthetic leather of thickness 1,5 mm by seaming up with two sheets of piece
A (see Figure 7) and four sheets of piece B (see Figure 7). The margin to seam between pieces A and B is about
1)
4 mm. The Model SB-4500 is the trade name of a product supplied by Wining KK.
2)
NOTE 2 3 M N° 898 is the trade name of a product supplied by 3M Company.
Figure 6 — Plan of shot bag impactor
1) This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement
by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
2) This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement
by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 9
B A
90
40
25 ±5 76 ±25
330 ±13

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Dimensions of pieces A
Dimensions of pieces B
Key
1 margin to seam 16 mm
Figure 7 — Dimensions of pieces of shot bag impactor
5.1.3.2 Twin tyre impactor.
5.1.3.2.1 General description
3)
3)
Impactor consisting of two pneumatic tyres, e.g. tyre 3.50-8/4PR or Continental T7 , in accordance
with ISO 4251-1, with round section and flat longitudinal tread. See Figure 8. The tyres shall be fitted to
the rims of the wheels that carry two equal steel masses. The masses shall be dimensioned so that the
total mass of the impactor is (50 ± 0,1) kg.
NOTE The tyre specified for this impactor, while in accordance with ISO 4251-1, has been found to have
performance variations dependent on site and country of manufacture. This variation can cause problems with
the calibration, but has not been found to affect product classification.
5.1.3.2.2 Method of manufacture
3
An example of the impactor, using steel with a density of 7 830 kg/m , is shown in Figure 8.
5.1.3.2.3 Maintenance
Check the air pressure in the tyres in accordance with 5.4.3.
Remove all glass particles embedded in the surface of the tyres.
Inspect the state of the tyres regularly and replace when required.
3) Tyre 3.50-8/4PR (reference V47, V60, and V64) and Continental T7 are examples of suitable products available
commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an
endorsement by ISO of these products.
10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
a) plan b) details of the mass
Key
No. required Remarks
1 eye bolt 2 M20
2 hexagonal nut 2 M20
3 screw spindle 1 M20 45 mm
4 hexagonal nut 4 M20
5 collar 4
3
6 mass of density 7 830 kg/m 2 See Figure 8 b)
2)
7 pneumatic tyre 2 Tyre 3.50–8/4PR
8 rim 2 250 – 8
Figure 8 — The twin tyre impactor
5.1.4 Suspension device.
The impactor shall be suspended by means of a steel cable of diameter 5 mm conforming to ISO 2408,
from a bracket attached above the head of the main frame. The bracket shall be rigid to ensure that the
point of suspension remains stationary during the test and shall be positioned to permit the impactor
to strike the centre of the test piece.
At the highest drop height, the angle, θ, between the taut suspension cable and the bracket shall not be
less than 14° (see Figure 3).
When the impactor is hanging freely, at rest, the distance between the impactor and the surface of the test
piece, d, shall not exceed 15 mm and shall not be less than 5 mm (see Figure 3) and the centre of area of
contact of the impactor shall be within 50 mm vertically and horizontally from the centre of the test piece.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 11

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

5.1.5 Traction and release system.
The impactor release mechanism enables the impactor to be raised and positioned at each of the
specified drop height positions, and then to be released so that it swings freely and impacts the test
piece. The release cable shall be connected to the top and bottom ends of the impactor by suitable links
so that the raising force is applied at right angles to the axis of the impactor. The release mechanism
shall ensure that the release cable is maintained at the correct orientation at each of the drop heights.
An example of a release mechanism is given in Annex F.
5.2 Calibration of test apparatus
The test apparatus shall be calibrated in accordance with Annex B, in order to ensure that the
energy transferred to the test piece by the impactor during the test carried out on different
apparatus is consistent.
5.3 Test pieces
5.3.1 General
Each test piece shall comprise a single pane of glass product and be representative of the normal
production of the type of product submitted for test.
5.3.2 Dimensions of the test pieces
The test pieces shall have the following dimensions:
a) width: (876 ± 2) mm;
b) height: (1 938 ± 2) mm.
Results obtained with test pieces of these dimensions are valid for classification purposes of the glass
product whatever the service dimensions.
5.3.3 Number of test pieces
The test shall be carried out at each drop height on four pieces of identical structure and the same
nominal thickness.
If the test pieces are of an asymmetric material, their number shall be doubled unless they are intended
solely for installation in situations where the risk of impact is from one side only.
5.3.4 Preparation of the test pieces
Remove all masking and protection material from the test pieces and condition for a minimum of 12 h
at (20 ± 5) °C.
5.4 Impact test procedure
5.4.1 Testing shall start at the lowest drop height (see Table 1) and increase up to the drop height
appropriate to the class for which the material is intended (see 6.2).
5.4.2 The test shall be carried out at (20 ± 5) °C, i.e. room temperature.
12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

5.4.3 Place each test piece in the clamping frame so that its edges are encased in the rubber to a
minimum depth of 10 mm. The test piece shall be firmly clamped within the sub-frame.
Use either a twin tyre impactor or shot bag impactor. When using the twin tyre impactor, inflate both
impactor tyres to a pressure of (0,35 ± 0,02) MPa. Pressure shall be checked prior to testing and every
4 h after the start of the test.
Raise the impactor to the lowest drop height (see Table 1) and stabilize. At the drop height, the
suspension cable shall be taut, and the axis of the impactor and cable shall be in line (see Figure 3).
Table 1 — Impact levels
Lead shot bag Twin tyre
Classification
mm mm
3 300 190
2 450 450
1 1 200 1 200
5.4.4 Release the impactor so that it falls with a pendular movement and without initial velocity. The
direction of impact on the centre of the test piece shall be normal to the surface. If the impactor strikes
the test piece more than once the test shall be deemed to be invalid.
Use either a twin tyre impactor or shot bag impactor. When using a twin tyre impactor, its masses shall
not make contact with the test piece during the impact.
5.4.5 For asymmetric materials that are intended for installation where the risk of impact is from both
sides, carry out the test on both sides.
For asymmetric materials where the required classification is for one face only, solely the designated
face shall be tested and this shall be reported in the test report.
5.4.6 Inspect the test piece after impact and note whether
a) it remains unbroken,
b) it broke in accordance with either the requirements of 4.2 or 4.3 or
c) it broke and failed to conform to the requirements of 4.2 or 4.3.
5.4.7 If any of the initial four test pieces fails to conform to the requirements of 4.2 or 4.3, terminate
the procedure. If all four test pieces either do not break or else break according to the criteria given in 4.2
or 4.3, and it is required by manufacturer to test the material to a higher impact level, increase the drop
height to the next level (see Table 1). Repeat the test on four more samples of the same material.
If the material remained unbroken, the same sample(s) may be used.
5.4.8 Report all test results in accordance with Clause 7.
6 Classification
6.1 General
Glass conforming to this International Standard is classified in accordance with the following:
a) its performance under the impact test;
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 13

---------------------- Page: 18 ----------------------
ISO 29584:2015(E)

b) the drop height at which breakage occurred;
c) the drop height at which the product satisfied the specifications of 4.2;
d) the drop hei
...