ISO 17499:2006

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17499
First edition
2006-02-01

Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium —
Determination of baking level expressed
by equivalent temperature
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium —
Détermination du niveau de cuisson par estimation de la température
de cuisson équivalente



Reference number
ISO 17499:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 17499:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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ISO 17499:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 1
5 Reference coke . 2
6 Calibration curve. 2
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Test procedure . 4
9 Expression of results . 5
10 Test report . 5
11 Precision. 5

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ISO 17499:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17499 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of primary
aluminium.
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ISO 17499:2006(E)
Introduction
The equivalent temperature is used to express the baking level of a single anode or cathode, or the overall
baking level and distribution of a section of any type of baking furnace constructed for baking carbon anodes
or cathodes for the production of aluminium.
The equivalent temperature is also useful for monitoring and comparing the baking level of laboratory test
samples.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17499:2006(E)

Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium —
Determination of baking level expressed by equivalent
temperature
1 Scope
This International Standard covers Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium —
Determination of baking level expressed by equivalent temperature.
This International Standard specifies the determination of the equivalent temperature of one anode or cathode
in a baking furnace, and the calculation of the overall baking level in a section in the baking furnace.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20203, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Calcined coke — Determination
of crystallite size of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
equivalent temperature
baking level of an anode or cathode measured by the heat treatment of a reference coke attached to the
anode or cathode, and quantified in equivalent degrees, °E, determined from the mean crystallite height, L , of
c
the reference coke using a calibration curve
NOTE The calibration curve is derived by subjecting a series of separate samples of the reference coke to a 2 h heat
treatment at different hold temperatures, in degrees Celsius, and measuring the mean crystallite height, L The equivalent
c

temperature, T , is numerically equal to the temperatures, in degrees Celsius, plotted on the calibration curve.
eq
4 Principle
The equivalent temperature of an anode or cathode is determined by placing a graphite container with a test
portion of the reference green coke in a stub-hole or other suitable depression prior to loading the anode or
cathode in the baking furnace.
Following calcination in the baking furnace, the graphite container is unloaded, and the reference coke is
recovered and analyzed with regard to the mean crystallite height, L , according to ISO 20203.
c
NOTE ISO 20203 uses the term crystallite size or thickness, which is the same as the crystallite height.
The pre-determined calibration curve linking equivalent temperature with the crystallite height is used to
determine the equivalent temperature from the measured L -value.
c
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