ISO/IEC 9075-9:2001

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 9075-9
First edition
2001-05-15
Information technology — Database
languages — SQL —
Part 9:
Management of External Data (SQL/MED)
Technologies de l'information — Langages de base de données — SQL —
Partie 9: Gestion des données externes (SQL/MED)
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9075-9:2001(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2001

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9075-9:2001(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO/IEC 2001
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9075-9:2001 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . . xiv
Introduction . . . . . . . . xv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references. 3
2.1 ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards . . . . 3
2.2 Publicly-available specifications . 4
3 Definitions, notations, and conventions . 5
3.1 Definitions . 5
3.1.1 Definitions provided in Part 9 . 5
3.1.2 Definitions taken from XML . . 6
3.2 Notations . 6
3.3 Conventions . 6
3.3.1 Relationships to other parts of ISO/IEC 9075 . 6
3.3.1.1 Clause, Subclause, and Table relationships . . . 6
3.4 Object identifier for Database Language SQL . 22
4 Concepts. 27
4.1 SQL-environments and their components . 27
4.1.1 SQL-environments . 27
4.1.2 User mapping concepts . 27
4.1.3 Catalogs and schemas . 27
4.1.3.1 Catalogs . 27
4.1.4 Foreign servers and descriptors . 27
4.1.5 Foreign-data wrappers and descriptors . . 28
4.2 Data types . 28
4.3 Foreign servers . . . 28
4.4 Foreign-data wrappers . 29
4.5 User mappings . . . . 30
4.6 Generic options . . . 30
4.7 Capabilities and options information . . . . 31
4.8 Datalinks . 31
4.8.1 Operations involving datalinks . 34
4.8.1.1 Operators that operate on datalinks . 34
© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved Contents iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9075-9:2001 (E)
4.8.1.2 Other operators involving datalinks. 35
4.9 Type conversion and mixing of data types . 35
4.10 Columns, fields, and attributes . 35
4.11 Tables . . . 35
4.11.1 Types of tables . . . . 36
4.12 Functional dependencies . 36
4.12.1 Known functional dependencies in a foreign table . . 36
4.13 SQL-schemas . 36
4.14 SQL-statements . . . 36
4.14.1 SQL-statements classified by function . . . 36
4.15 SQL-sessions . 37
4.16 Privileges . 38
4.17 SQL-transactions . . 38
4.18 Foreign-data wrapper interface . 38
4.18.1 Handles . 39
4.18.2 Foreign server sessions . 40
4.18.3 Foreign-data wrapper interface routines . 40
4.18.3.1 Handle routines . 41
4.18.3.2 Initialization routines . . . 43
4.18.3.3 Access routines . 44
4.18.3.4 Termination routines . . . . 44
4.18.3.5 Decomposition and pass-through modes. 45
4.18.3.6 Sequence of actions during the execution of requests involving foreign tables and
foreign servers . 45
4.18.4 Return codes . 57
4.18.5 Foreign-data wrapper diagnostics areas . . 58
4.18.6 Null pointers . 59
4.18.7 Foreign-data wrapper descriptor areas . . 60
4.19 Introduction to SQL/CLI . 63
5 Lexical elements . 65
5.1 and . 65
5.2 Names and identifiers . 67
6 Scalar expressions . 69
6.1 . 69
6.2 . 72
6.3 . . . 73
6.4 . 74
6.5 . . . . 77
6.6 . 79
6.7 . 81
6.8 . . 82
iv Management of External Data (SQL/MED) © ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9075-9:2001 (E)
7 Query expressions . 83
7.1 . . 83
7.2 . . . . 89
7.3 . 90
7.4 . 91
7.5 . 92
8 Predicates . 93
8.1 . 93
9 URLs. 95
9.1 URL format . 95
10 Data assignment rules and routine determination . 99
10.1 Retrieval assignment . 99
10.2 Store assignment . . 100
10.3 Data types of results of aggregations . . . . 101
10.4 Type precedence list determination . 102
10.5 Determination of identical values . 103
11 Additional common elements . 105
11.1 . 105
11.2 . . 106
11.3 . 107
12 Schema definition and manipulation. 109
12.1 . 109
12.2 . . . . 110
12.3