ISO/FDIS 11137-1
(Main)Sterilization of health care products — Radiation — Part 1: Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices
Sterilization of health care products — Radiation — Part 1: Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices
Stérilisation des produits de santé — Irradiation — Partie 1: Exigences relatives à la mise au point, à la validation et au contrôle de routine d'un procédé de stérilisation pour les dispositifs médicaux
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International
Standard
ISO/TC 198
Sterilization of health care
Secretariat: ANSI
products — Radiation —
Voting begins on:
2024-12-17
Part 1:
Requirements for the development,
Voting terminates on:
2025-02-11
validation and routine control of
a sterilization process for medical
devices
Stérilisation des produits de santé — Irradiation —
Partie 1: Exigences relatives à la mise au point, à la validation
et au contrôle de routine d'un procédé de stérilisation pour les
dispositifs médicaux
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Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 198
Sterilization of health care
Secretariat: ANSI
products — Radiation —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
Requirements for the
Voting terminates on:
development, validation and
routine control of a sterilization
process for medical devices
Stérilisation des produits de santé — Irradiation —
Partie 1: Exigences relatives à la mise au point, à la validation
et au contrôle de routine d'un procédé de stérilisation pour les
dispositifs médicaux
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General . 9
5 Sterilizing agent characterization . 9
5.1 Sterilizing agent .9
5.2 Microbicidal effectiveness . .9
5.3 Material effects .10
5.4 Environmental considerations .10
6 Process and equipment characterization . 10
6.1 Process .10
6.2 Equipment .10
7 Product definition .11
8 Process definition .12
8.1 Establishing the maximum acceptable dose, D . 12
max,acc
8.2 Establishing the sterilization dose, D . 12
ster
8.3 Specifying the maximum acceptable dose and the sterilization dose . 12
8.4 Transference of maximum acceptable, verification or sterilization dose between
radiation sources . 13
8.4.1 Transference of maximum acceptable dose . 13
8.4.2 Transference of verification dose or sterilization dose . 13
9 Validation . .13
9.1 Installation qualification (IQ) . 13
9.2 Operational qualification (OQ) . 13
9.3 Performance qualification (PQ) .14
9.4 Review and approval of validation . 15
10 Routine monitoring and control.16
11 Product release from sterilization . 17
12 Maintaining process effectiveness . 17
12.1 Demonstration of continued effectiveness .17
12.1.1 General .17
12.1.2 Frequency of determinations of bioburden .17
12.1.3 Frequency of sterilization dose audits .18
12.2 Recalibration .19
12.3 Maintenance of equipment .19
12.4 Requalification of equipment .19
12.5 Assessment of change . 20
Annex A (informative) Guidance on this document .21
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the General Safety
and Performance Requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/745 aimed to be covered .37
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the General Safety
and Performance Requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/746 aimed to be covered .40
Bibliography .42
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 198, Sterilization of health care products, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 204,
Sterilization of medical devices, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11137-1:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— addition of ISO 13004 as a normative reference;
— addition of ISO/ASTM 52628 as a normative reference for dosimetry in radiation processing and
alignment of terminology across the document to ASTM standards terminology;
— update of Clause 4 to align with ISO/TC 198 documents;
— increase of the allowable limits above which the potential induced radioactivity shall be assessed to
11 MeV for electrons and 7.5 MeV for X-rays (see 5.1.2);
— addition of a requirement to ensure that failure of a control function does not lead to a failure in recording
process parameters such that an ineffective process appears effective (see 6.1);
— simplification of content on transfer
...
ISO/TC 198/WG 2
Secretariat: AAMI (for ANSI)
Date: 2024-12-06
Sterilization of health care products – — Radiation – —
Part 1:
Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of
a sterilization process for medical devices
Stérilisation des produits de santé — Irradiation —
Partie 1: Exigences relatives à la mise au point, à la validation et au contrôle de routine d'un procédé de
stérilisation pour les dispositifs médicaux
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General . 10
5 Sterilizing agent characterization . 10
5.1 Sterilizing agent . 10
5.2 Microbicidal effectiveness . 11
5.3 Material effects . 11
5.4 Environmental considerations . 11
6 Process and equipment characterization . 11
6.1 Process . 11
6.2 Equipment . 11
7 Product definition . 12
8 Process definition . 13
8.1 Establishing the maximum acceptable dose, D . 13
max,acc
8.2 Establishing the sterilization dose, D . 13
ster
8.3 Specifying the maximum acceptable dose and the sterilization dose . 14
8.4 Transference of maximum acceptable, verification or sterilization dose between
radiation sources . 14
9 Validation . 14
9.1 Installation qualification (IQ) . 14
9.2 Operational qualification (OQ) . 15
9.3 Performance qualification (PQ) . 16
9.4 Review and approval of validation . 17
10 Routine monitoring and control . 17
11 Product release from sterilization . 18
12 Maintaining process effectiveness . 18
12.1 Demonstration of continued effectiveness . 18
12.2 Recalibration . 21
12.3 Maintenance of equipment . 21
12.4 Requalification of equipment . 21
12.5 Assessment of change . 21
Annex A (informative) Guidance on this document . 22
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the General Safety
and Performance Requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/745 aimed to be covered . 39
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the General Safety
and Performance Requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/746 aimed to be covered . 43
Bibliography . 46
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 198, Sterilization of health care products, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 204,
Sterilization of medical devices, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11137-1:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — addition of ISO 13004 as a normative reference;
— — addition of ISO/ASTM 52628 standard practice as a normative reference for dosimetry in radiation
processing as a normative reference and alignment of terminology across the document to ASTM
standards terminology;
— — replacementupdate of Clause 4Clause 4 to align with the updated common Clause 4 for ISO/TC 198
documents;
— — increase of the allowable limits above which the potential induced radioactivity shall be assessed to
11 MeV for electrons and 7.5 7.5 MeV for X-rays (see 5.1.25.1.2););
— — addition of a requirement to ensure that failure of a control function does not lead to a failure in
recording process parameters such that an ineffective process appears effective (see 6.16.1););
iv
— — simplification of content on transference of verification dose or sterilization dose based on published
data that demonstrates that differences in operating conditions of the two radiation sources have no effect
on microbicidal effectiveness for product that does not promote microbial growth (see 8.4.28.4.2););
— — clarification on the use of dose measurements and the recording of process variables for process
control has been clarified (see 10.610.6 and 10.710.7););
— — clarification has been provided on the allowable interval of time for quarterly dose audits, allowing for
an interval of four months provided there are four dose audits per year (see 12.1.212.1.2););
SD
— — addition of references for all VD dose levels contained in both ISO 11137-2 and ISO 13004 (see
max
8.2.28.2.2 and 12.1.212.1.2););
— — additional information has been included on bioburden determination for productproducts with very
low bioburden (see 12.1.2.212.1.2.2););
— — addition of guidance related to new or modified normative content;
— — addition of references to the Bibliography.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11137 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
A sterile medical device is one that is free of viable microorganisms. International Standards, which specify
requirements for validation and routine control of sterilization processes, require, when it is necessary to
supply a sterile medical device, that adventitious microbiological contamination of a medical device prior to
sterilization be minimized. Even so, medical devices produced under standard manufacturing conditions in
accordance with the requirements for quality management systems (see, for example, ISO 13485) can, prior
to sterilization, have microorganisms on them. prior to sterilization. Such medical devices are non-sterile. The
purpose of sterilization is to inactivate the microbiological contaminants and thereby transform the non-
sterile medical devices into sterile ones.
The kinetics of inactivation of a pure culture of microorganisms by either physical or chemical agents, or both,
used to sterilize medical devices can generally best be described byas an exponential relationship between
the numbersnumber of microorganisms surviving and the extent of treatment with the sterilizing agent;
inevitably. Inevitably, this means that there is always a finite probability that a microorganism can survive
regardless of the extent of treatment applied. For a given treatment, the probability of survival is determined
by the number and resistance of microorganisms and by the environment in which the microorganisms exist
during treatment. It follows that the sterility of any one medical device in a population subjected to
sterilization processing cannot be guaranteed and the sterility of a processed population is defined in terms
of the probability of there being a viable microorganism present on a medical device.
This document describes requirements that, if met, will provide a radiation sterilization process, intended to
sterilize medical devices. Furthermore, conformance with the requirements ensures that this activity is both
reliable and reproducible so that predictions can be made, with reasonable confidence, that there is a low level
of probability of there being a viable microorganism present on product after sterilization. Specification of this
probability is a matter for regulatory authorities and can vary from country to country (see, for example,
EN 556--1 and ANSI/AAMI ST67).
Generic requirements of the quality management system for design and development, production, installation
and servicing are given in ISO 9001 and particular, while specific requirements for qu
...
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 198
Stérilisation des produits de
Secrétariat: ANSI
santé — Irradiation —
Début de vote:
2024-12-17
Partie 1:
Exigences relatives à la mise
Vote clos le:
2025-02-11
au point, à la validation et au
contrôle de routine d'un procédé
de stérilisation pour les dispositifs
médicaux
Sterilization of health care products — Radiation —
Part 1: Requirements for the development, validation and routine
control of a sterilization process for medical devices
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 198
Stérilisation des produits de
Secrétariat: ANSI
santé — Irradiation —
Début de vote:
Partie 1: 2024-12-17
Exigences relatives à la mise
Vote clos le:
2025-02-11
au point, à la validation et au
contrôle de routine d'un procédé
de stérilisation pour les dispositifs
médicaux
Sterilization of health care products — Radiation —
Part 1: Requirements for the development, validation and routine
control of a sterilization process for medical devices
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
© ISO 2024 INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
NORMES POUVANT
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 2
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Généralités . 9
5 Caractérisation de l’agent stérilisant.10
5.1 Agent stérilisant .10
5.2 Efficacité microbicide .10
5.3 Effets sur les matériaux .10
5.4 Considérations environnementales .10
6 Caractérisation du procédé et de l’équipement . 10
6.1 Procédé .10
6.2 Équipement .11
7 Définition du produit .12
8 Définition du procédé .12
8.1 Établissement de la dose maximale acceptable, D . 12
max,acc
8.2 Établissement de la dose stérilisante, D . 12
ster
8.3 Spécification de la dose maximale acceptable et de la dose stérilisante . 13
8.4 Transfert de la dose maximale acceptable, de la dose de vérification ou de la dose
stérilisante entre des sources de radiation . 13
8.4.1 Transfert de la dose maximale acceptable . 13
8.4.2 Transfert de la dose de vérification ou de la dose stérilisante . 13
9 Validation . . 14
9.1 Qualification de l’installation (QI) . .14
9.2 Qualification opérationnelle (QO) .14
9.3 Qualification de performance (QP). 15
9.4 Revue et approbation de la validation .16
10 Surveillance et contrôle de routine . 17
11 Libération du produit de la stérilisation .18
12 Maintien de l’efficacité du procédé .18
12.1 Démonstration de l’efficacité continue .18
12.1.1 Généralités .18
12.1.2 Fréquence des déterminations de la charge biologique .18
12.1.3 Fréquence des audits de dose stérilisante .19
12.2 Réétalonnage . 20
12.3 Maintenance de l’équipement . 20
12.4 Requalification de l’équipement . 20
12.5 Évaluation des modifications .21
Annexe A (informative) Recommandations sur le présent document .22
Annexe ZA (informative) Relation entre la présente Norme européenne et les exigences générales
en matière de sécurité et de performances concernées du Règlement (UE) 2017/745 .39
Annexe ZB (informative) Relation entre la présente Norme européenne et les exigences générales
en matière de sécurité et de performances concernées du Règlement (UE) 2017/746 .43
Bibliographie .46
iii
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité
de tout droit de propriété revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO
n’avait pas reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application.
Toutefois, il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des
informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à
l’adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou
partie de tels droits de brevet.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 198, Stérilisation des produits de santé,
en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 204, Stérilisation des dispositifs médicaux, du Comité
européen de normalisation (CEN), conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN
(Accord de Vienne).
Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 11137-1:2006), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— ajout de l’ISO 13004 en tant que référence normative;
— ajout de la norme ISO/ASTM 52628 en tant que référence normative pour la dosimétrie lors du traitement par
irradiation et harmonisation de la terminologie de tout le document avec la terminologie des normes
...
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