ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 20016-1
First edition
2014-02-15
Information technology for learning,
education and training — Language
accessibility and human interface
equivalencies (HIEs) in e-learning
applications —
Part 1:
Framework and reference model for
semantic interoperability
Technologies de l'information pour l'apprentissage, l'éducation et la
formation — Accessibilité au langage et équivalences d'interface
humaines (HIEs) dans les application d'apprentissage électronique —
Partie 1: Cadre et modèle de référence pour l'interopérabilité
sémantique
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2014
©  ISO/IEC 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . viii
Introduction . ix
0 Introduction . ix
0.1 Purpose and overview . ix
0.2 Benefits to implementers of this multipart ISO/IEC 20016 standard . x
0.3 Primary sources of requirements . xi
0.4 Key concept of “individual accessibility” . xiii
0.5 Holistic approach . xiv
0.6 Use of "jurisdictional domain", jurisdiction, country . xix
0.7 Use of "person", "individual, "organization", "public administration" and “person” . xx
0.8 Importance of definitions and terms . xxi
0.9 Standard based on rules and guidelines . xxii
0.10 Size of document and role of “iso/iec 20016-1 framework and reference model for
semantic interoperability” . xxii
0.11 Organization and description of document . xxiii
1 Scope . 1
1.1 Statement of scope – Multipart standard . 1
1.2 Scope of this part of ISO/IEC 20016 “framework and reference model for semantic
interoperability” . 2
1.3 Exclusions . 3
1.3.1 Physical aspects of individual accessibility . 3
1.3.2 Person: individuals, organizations, and public administrations . 3
1.3.3 Artificial languages: Programming languages, Mark-up languages, etc . 3
1.3.4 Non-recorded information . 4
1.3.5 Determining the individual's capability(ies) to communicate in a language(s) . 4
1.3.6 Universal design and related Functional Services View (FSV) aspects . 4
1.3.7 General aspects of culture and environment . 5
1.4 Aspects not currently addressed in this 1edition . 5
1.4.1 Introduction - Focus and scope of 1 edition of ISO/IEC 20016-1 . 5
1.4.2 The creation of accessible HIEs . 5
1.4.3 Rules and procedures governing the four quadrants (each or combinations) of the
Human Interface Equivalency Model (HIEM) . 5
1.4.4 Creation of abbreviations and acronyms as HIEs . 6
1.4.5 Template for specifying semantic interoperability requirements . 6
1.4.6 Localization aspects . 6
1.4.7 Various aspects of HIE semantic collaboration space (SCS) . 6
1.4.8 Role of an “AfA agent” . 6
1.4.9 Privacy protection, consumer protection, human rights, etc. . 7
1.5 IT-systems environment neutrality . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 35
5 Conformance . 37
5.1 Introduction . 37
5.2 Conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 20016 “framework and reference model” . 37
6 Fundamental principles and assumptions . 37
6.1 Introduction . 37
6.2 Principles governing the ISO/IEC 20016 multipart standard . 39
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved iii

6.2.1 Principle #1 - Support the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities .39
6.2.2 Principle #2 - Support requirements of jurisdictional domains on language accessibility
and Human Interface Equivalents (HIEs) .39
6.2.3 Principle #3 - Support linguistic diversity and cultural adaptability of individual users
around the world .40
6.2.4 Principle #4 - Inclusive design .40
6.2.5 Principle #5 - Multiple source languages .41
6.2.6 Principle #6 - Rule-based approach .41
6.2.7 Principle #7 - Ability to support various levels of granularity and scale-ability .42
6.2.8 Principle #8 - Integrated approach to internal and external constraints .42
6.2.9 Principle #9 - Maximize use of existing international standards and specifications .43
6.2.10 Principle #10 - Maximize an approach which is systematic, IT-enabled, supports
computational integrity, and yet is (specific) IT-platform neutral .43
6.2.11 Principle #11 - Support the three strategic directions of ISO/IEC JTC1 standards
development namely: (1) portability; (2) Interoperability; and, (3) and cultural adaptability .44
6.3 Added principles governing the development of ISO/IEC 20016-1 .44
7 Semantic interopability and levels of semantic equivalency .44
7.1 Introduction .44
7.2 Summary of UN convention (and related requirements) .44
7.3 Levels of semantic equivalence .45
8 Public policy requirements of jurisdictional domains .47
8.1 Introduction .47
8.2 Jurisdictional domains and public policy requirements .47
8.3 Individual accessibility .48
8.3.1 Introduction .48
8.3.2 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a key public policy
requirement .48
8.3.3 Individual accessibility .49
8.4 Consumer protection .51
8.5 Privacy protection.52
8.6 Human rights (other) .53
8.7 Public policy requirements and localization aspects .53
8.8 Use of “AfA agents” and third parties in decision-taking and commitment-making .54
9 Semantic collaboration space and levels of semantic unambiguity .54
9.1 Introduction .54
9.2 (HIE) Semantic Collaboration Space.56
9.3 Two perspectives of a Semantic Collaboration Space (SCS): Semantic Operational View
(SOV) AND Functional Services Support View (FSSV) .58
10 Rules governing use of language and language accessibility .59
10.1 Introduction .59
10.2 Choice of language – internal constraints perspective .60
10.3 Choice of language – external constraints perspective .62
10.3.1 Introduction .62
10.3.2 Official (or “de facto”) language .62
10.3.3 Legally Recognized Language (LRL) .64
10.4 Individual accessibility language .65
10.5 Gender, and official, de facto, or LRL languages .65
10.6 Declared Semantic Equivalent (DSE) .67
11 Levels and degrees of linguistic equivalence .67
11.1 Introduction .67
11.2 Levels of lexical (quantitative) equivalency .
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