ISO/IEC 16448:2002

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 16448
Second edition
2002-04-15
Information technology — 120 mm DVD —
Read-only disk
Technologies de l'information — Disque DVD de diamètre 120 mm —
Disque DVD à lecture seule
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2002
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©  ISO/IEC 2002
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
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© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents
Section 1 - General 1
1 Scope 1
2 Conformance 1
2.1 Optical Disk 1
2.2 Generating system 1
2.3 Receiving system 1
3 Normative reference 1
4 Terms and definitions 1
4.1 Adhesive layer 2
4.2 Channel bit 2
4.3 Clamping Zone 2
4.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV) 2
4.5 Disk Reference Plane 2
4.6 Dual Layer disk 2
4.7 Dummy substrate 2
4.8 Entrance surface 2
4.9 Optical disk 2
4.10 Physical sector number 2
4.11 Read-only disk 2
4.12 Recorded layer 2
4.13 Reed-Solomon code 2
4.14 Reserved field 2
4.15 Sector 2
4.16 Single Layer disk 2
4.17 Spacer 2
4.18 Substrate 2
4.19 Track 3
4.20 Track pitch 3
4.21 Zone 3
5 Conventions and notations 3
5.1 Representation of numbers 3
5.2 Names 3
6 List of acronyms 3
7 General description of the disk 4
8 General requirements 5
8.1 Environments 5
8.1.1 Test environment 5
8.1.2 Operating environment 6
8.1.3 Storage environment 6
8.1.4 Transportation 6
8.2 Safety requirements 6
8.3 Flammability 6
9 Reference measurement devices 6
9.1 Pick Up Head (PUH) 6
9.2 Measurement conditions 7
9.3 Normalized servo transfer function 8
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved iii

9.4 Reference Servo for axial tracking 8
9.5 Reference Servo for radial tracking 9
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 10
10 Dimensional characteristics 10
10.1 Overall dimensions 10
10.2 First transition area 10
10.3 Second transition area 10
10.4 Clamping Zone 10
10.5 Third transition area 11
10.6 Information Zone 11
10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the Information Zone 11
10.6.2 Track geometry 12
10.6.3 Track modes 12
10.6.4 Channel bit length 12
10.7 Rim area 12
10.8 Remark on tolerances 13
10.9 Runout 13
10.9.1 Axial runout 13
10.9.2 Radial runout 13
10.10 Label 13
11 Mechanical parameters 14
11.1 Mass 14
11.2 Moment of inertia 14
11.3 Dynamic imbalance 14
11.4 Sense of rotation 14
12 Optical parameters 14
12.1 Index of refraction 14
12.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate 14
12.3 Thickness of the spacer of Types C and D 14
12.4 Angular deviation 14
12.5 Birefringence of the transparent substrate 14
12.6 Reflectivity 14
Section 3 - Operational Signals 18
13 High frequency signals (HF) 18
13.1 Modulated amplitude 18
13.2 Signal asymmetry 19
13.3 Cross-track signal 19
13.4 Quality of signals 19
13.4.1 Jitter 19
13.4.2 Random errors 19
13.4.3 Defects 19
14 Servo signals 19
14.1 Differential phase tracking error signal 19
14.2 Tangential push-pull signal 20
Section 4 - Data Format 22
15 General 22
16 Data Frames 22
16.1 Identification Data (ID) 22
16.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED) 23
16.3 Copyright Management Information (CPR_MAI) 24
iv © ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved

16.4 Error Detection Code (EDC) 24
17 Scrambled Frames 24
18 ECC Blocks 25
19 Recording Frames 26
20 Modulation 27
21 Physical Sectors 27
22 Suppress control of the d.c. component 29
Section 5 - Format of the Information Zone(s) 30
23 General description of an Information Zone 30
24 Layout of the Information Zone 30
25 Physical Sector numbering 30
26 Lead-in Zone 32
26.1 Initial Zone 33
26.2 Reference Code Zone 33
26.3 Buffer Zone 1 33
26.4 Buffer Zone 2 33
26.5 Control Data Zone 33
26.5.1 Physical format information 34
26.5.2 Disk manufacturing information 35
26.5.3 Content provider information 36
27 Middle Zone 36
28 Lead-out Zone 36
Annexes
A (normative) - Measurement of the angular deviation αααα 37
B (normative) - Measurement of birefringence 39
C (normative) - Measurement of the differential phase tracking error 41
D (normative) - Measurement of light reflectance 45
E (normative) - Tapered cone for disk clamping 47
F (normative) - Measurement of jitter 48
G (normative) - 8-to-16 Modulation with RLL (2,10) requirements 51
H (normative) - Burst Cutting Area (BCA) 61
J (normative) - Source Identification Code (SID) 66
K (informative) - Measurement of the thickness of the spacer of Dual Layer disks 69
L (informative) - Note on the Reference Code 71
M (informative) - Maximum transfer rate 72
N (informative) - Disk bonding 73
P (informative) - Transportation 75

© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved v

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have
established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 16448 was prepared by ECMA (as Standard ECMA-267) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track
procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval of
national bodies of ISO and IEC.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 16448:1999), which has been technically
revised.
Annexes A to J form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes K to P are for information only.
vi © ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16448:2002(E)

Information technology — 120 mm DVD — Read-only disk

Section 1 - General
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of a 120 mm, read-only optical disk to
enable the interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the recorded signals, the format of the data and the recording
method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. This disk is identified as DVD - Read-Only Disk.
This International Standard specifies
− four related but different Types of this disk (see clause 7),
− the conditions for conformance,
− the environments in which the disk is to be operated and stored,
− the mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing
systems,
− the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting
codes and the coding method used,
− the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk.
This International Standard provides for interchange of disks between disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file
structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical Disk
A claim of conformance shall specify the Type of the disk. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this International
Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements specified for its Type.
2.2 Generating system
A generating system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is in accordance
with 2.1.
2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle all four Types of optical disk
according to 2.1.
3 Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.
However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying
the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60950-1:2001, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 1

4.1 Adhesive layer
A layer of adhesive material bonding together the two parts of the disk.
4.2 Channel bit
The elements by which, after modulation, the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented on the disk by pits.
4.3 Clamping Zone
The annular part of the disk within which a clamping force is applied by a clamping device.
4.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV)
The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to bits set to ONE and the decimal value -1 to
bits set to ZERO.
4.5 Disk Reference Plane
A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the disk is clamped,
and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.6 Dual Layer disk
A optical disk with one or two entrance surface(s), in which each entrance surface gives access to a different pair of recorded
layers.
4.7 Dummy substrate
A layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and/or of a recorded layer.
4.8 Entrance surface
The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.
4.9 Optical disk
A disk that accepts and retains information in the form of pits in a recorded layer that can be read by an optical beam.
4.10 Physical sector number
A serial number allocated to physical sectors on the disk.
4.11 Read-only disk
An optical disk in which the information has been recorded when manufacturing the disk. The information cannot be modified
and can only be read from the disk.
4.12 Recorded layer
A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is recorded.
4.13 Reed-Solomon code
An error detection and/or correction code for the correction of errors.
4.14 Reserved field
A field set to all ZEROs unless otherwise stated, and reserved for future standardization.
4.15 Sector
The smallest part of a track in the Information Zone that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts.
4.16 Single Layer disk
An optical disk with one or two entrance surface(s), in which each entrance surface gives access to a different recorded layer.
4.17 Spacer
In the case of Dual Layer disks, the transparent layer placed between the two recorded layers accessible through the same
entrance surface.
4.18 Substrate
A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recorded layer(s), through which the optical beam can
access the recorded layer(s).
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
4.19 Track
A 360° turn of a continuous spiral.
4.20 Track pitch
The distance between the centrelines of a pair of adjacent physical tracks, measured in radial direction.
4.21 Zone
An annular area of the disk.
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a
specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values
from 1,235 to 1,275.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to
the left.
Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement.
In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first and the least
significant byte (LSB) last.
In a field of 8n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b the least significant bit (lsb).
(8n-1) 0
Bit b is recorded first.
(8n-1)
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.
6 List of acronyms
BCA Burst-Cutting Area
BP Byte Position
BPF Band Pass Filter
CLV Constant Linear Velocity
CPR_MAI Copyright Management Information
DCC DC Component (suppress control)
DL Dual Layer
DPD Differential Phase Detection
DSV Digital Sum Value
ECC Error Correction Code
EDC Error Detection Code
EQ Equalizer
FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum
HF High Frequency
ID Identification Data
IED ID Error Detection (code)
IR Index of Refraction
LPF Low-Pass Filter
LSB Least Significant Byte
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 3

MSB Most Significant Byte
NRZ Non Return to Zero
NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted
OTP Opposite Track Path
PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
PE Phase Encoding
PI Parity (of the) Inner (code)
PLL Phase-Locked Loop
PO Parity (of the) Outer (code)
PTP Parallel Track Path
PUH Pick-Up Head
RIN Relative Intensity Noise
RS Reed-Solomon (code)
RZ Return to Zero
SL Single Layer
SYNC Code Synchronisation Code
lsb least significant bit
msb most significant bit
7 General description of the disk
The optical disk that is the subject of this International Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive
layer, so that the recorded layers are on the inside (See annex N). The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the
centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently read. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. This International
Standard specifies the following Types.
Type A consists of a substrate, a single recorded layer and a dummy substrate. The recorded layer can be accessed
from one side only. The nominal capacity is 4,7 Gbytes.
Type B consist of two substrates, and two recorded layers. From one side of the disk, only one of these recorded
layers can be accessed. The nominal capacity is 9,4 Gbytes.
Type C consists of a substrate, a dummy substrate and two recorded layers with a spacer between them. Both
recorded layers can be accessed from one side only. The nominal capacity is 8,5 Gbytes.
Type D consists of two substrates, each having two recorded layers with a spacer between these two recorded
layers. From one side of the disk, only one pair of recorded layers can be accessed. The nominal capacity
is 17,0 Gbytes.
Figure 1 shows schematically these four Types. Types A and B are Single Layer (SL) disks and Types C and D are Dual Layer
(DL) disks. The two layers of DL disks are identified as Layer 0 and Layer 1. Layer 0 is the layer nearer to the entrance surface.
Types A and C are 1-sided disks, Types B and D are 2-sided disks.
In Type C the function of the adhesive layer can be provided by the spacer between the two recorded layers where Layer 1 is
placed, for instance embossed, on the dummy substrate.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
Figure 1 - Types of 120 mm DVD - Read-Only disks
8 General requirements
8.1 Environments
8.1.1 Test environment
The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk has the following properties.
a) For dimensional measurements  b) For other measurements
temperature : 23 °C ± 2 °C  15 °C to 35 °C
relative humidity : 45 % to 55 %  45 % to 75 %
atmospheric pressure : 86 kPa to 106 kPa  86 kPa to 106 kPa
Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 5

8.1.2 Operating environment
This International Standard requires that an optical disk which meets all mandatory requirements of this International Standard
in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the
operating environment.
Disks used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions, when mounted in the drive supplied with
voltage and measured on the outside surface of the disk.
The disk exposed to storage conditions shall be conditioned in the operating environment for at least two hours before
operating.
temperature : -25 °C to 70 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 95 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 0,5 g/m to 60 g/m
sudden change of temperature : 50 °C max.
sudden change of relative humidity : 30 % max.
There shall be no condensation of moisture on the disk.
8.1.3 Storage environment
The storage environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk shall have the following
properties.
temperature : -20 °C to 50 °C
relative humidity : 5 % to 90 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 75 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature variation : 15 °C /h max.
relative humidity variation : 10 %/h max.
8.1.4 Transportation
This International Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in annex P.
8.2 Safety requirements
The disk shall satisfy the requirements of IEC 60950-1, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an
information system.
8.3 Flammability
The disk shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in
IEC 60950-1.
9 Reference measurement devices
The reference measurement devices shall be used for the measurements of optical parameters for conformance with this
International Standard. The critical components of these devices have specific properties defined in this clause.
9.1 Pick Up Head (PUH)
The optical system for measuring the optical parameters is shown in figure 2. It shall be such that the detected light reflected
from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not influencing the accuracy of measurement. The combination of the
polarizing beam splitter C with the quarter-wave plate D separates the incident optical beam and the beam reflected by the
optical disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity/reflectance ratio of at least 100. Optics G generates an astigmatic
difference and collimates the light reflected by the recorded layer of the optical disk F for astigmatic focusing and read-out. The
position of the quadrant photo detector H shall be adjusted so that the light spot becomes a circle the centre of which coincides
with the centre of the quadrant photo detector H when the objective lens is focused on the recorded layer. An example of such a
photo detector H is shown in figure 2. The dimensions a and b equal M times 10 µm to 12 µm, where M is the transversal
magnification factor from the disk to its conjugate plane near the quadrant photo detector H.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
A Laser diode F Optical disk
B Collimator lens G Optics for the astigmatic focusing method
C Polarizing beam splitter H Quadrant photo detector
D Quarter-wave plate I , I , I , I Output from the quadrant photo detector
a b c d
E Objective lens J d.c. coupled amplifier

Figure 2 - Optical system for PUH

The characteristics of the PUH shall be as follows.
Wavelength (λ)   650 nm ± 5 nm
Polarization   circularly polarized light
Polarizing beam splitter  shall be used unless otherwise stated
Numerical aperture  0,60 ± 0,01
Light intensity at the rim of
the pupil of the objective lens  60 % to 70 % of the maximum intensity level in radial direction, and
over 90 % of the maximum intensity level in tangential direction
Wave front aberration after
passing through an ideal
substrate of the single layer disk  0,033 λ rms max.
(Thickness : 0,6 mm and index
of refraction : 1,56)
2 2 2
Normalized detector size on a disk  100 µm ‹ S / M ‹ 144 µm
where S is the total surface of the photo detector of the PUH
Relative intensity noise (RIN)  - 134 dB/Hz max.
10 log [(a.c. light power density /Hz) / d.c. light power ]
9.2 Measurement conditions
The measuring conditions for operational signals shall be as follows.
Scanning velocity at a Channel bit rate
of 26,15625 Mbits/s  for Single Layer disks: 3,49 m/s ± 0,03 m/s
for Dual Layer disks:  3,84 m/s ± 0,03 m/s
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 7

Clamping force  2,0 N ± 0,5 N
Taper cone angle  40,0° ± 0,5°, see annex E
CLV servo characteristic  ƒ (-3 dB), closed loop bandwidth : 5 Hz
Focusing method  astigmatic method
Tracking method  differential phase detection
9.3 Normalized servo transfer function
In order to specify the servo system for axial and radial tracking, a function H is used (equation I). It specifies the nominal
s
values of the open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo(s) in the frequency range 23,1 Hz to 10 kHz.
3iω
1+
ωω
1
oo
H iω =× × (I)
()
s

iω
3 iω

1+
3ω
o
where
ω = 2πƒ
ω =2πƒ
o o
i = −1
ƒ is the 0 dB crossover frequency of the open loop transfer function. The crossover frequencies of the lead-lag network of the
o
servo are given by
lead break frequency: ƒ = ƒ × 1/3
1 o
lag break frequency: ƒ = ƒ × 3
2 o
9.4 Reference Servo for axial tracking
For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for axial tracking, 1+H is limited as schematically shown by the
shaded surface of figure 3.
Figure 3 - Reference Servo for axial tracking
Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz
 1 + H  shall be within 20 % of 1+H .
s
The crossover frequency ƒ = ω / 2π shall be specified by equation (II), where α shall be 1,5 times larger than the expected
o o max
maximum axial acceleration of 8 m/s . The tracking error e shall not exceed 0,23 µm. Thus the crossover frequency ƒ shall
max o
be
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
113 α 8××1,53
max
f = == 2,0 kHz  (II)
−6
22ππe
max 0,23 ×10
The axial tracking error e is the peak deviation measured axially above or below the 0 level.
max
Bandwidth 23,1 Hz to 100 Hz
 1 + H  shall be within the limits defined by the following four points.
40,6 dB at 100 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  - 20% at 100 Hz )
66,0 dB at 23,1 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  - 20% at 23,1 Hz )
86,0 dB at 23,1 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  - 20% at 23,1 Hz add 20 dB)
44,1 dB at 100 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  + 20% at 100 Hz )
Bandwidth 9,6 Hz to 23,1 Hz
 1 + H  shall be between 66,0 dB and 86,0 dB.
9.5 Reference Servo for radial tracking
For an open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for radial tracking, 1+H is limited as schematically shown by
the shaded surface of figure 4.

.
Figure 4 - Reference Servo for Radial Tracking
Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz
 1 + H  shall be within 20 % of1 + H .
s
The crossover frequency ƒ = ω / 2π shall be specified by equation (III), where α shall be 1,5 times larger than the
o o max
expected maximum radial acceleration of 1,1 m/s . The tracking error e shall not exceed 0,022 µm.
max
Thus the crossover frequency ƒ shall be
o
113 α 1,1××1,53
max
f = == 2,4 kHz   (III)
−6
22ππe
0,022 ×10
max
The radial tracking error is the peak deviation measured radially inwards or outwards the 0 level.
Bandwidth from 23,1 Hz to 100 Hz
 1 + H  shall be within the limits defined by the following four points.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 9

43,7 dB at 100 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  - 20% at 100 Hz )
69,2 dB at 23,1 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  - 20% at 23,1 Hz )
89,2 dB at 23,1 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  - 20% at 23,1 Hz add 20 dB)
47,3 dB at 100 Hz  ( 1 + Hs  + 20% at 100 Hz )
Bandwidth from 9,6 Hz to 23,1 Hz
 1 + H  shall be between 69,2 dB and 89,2 dB.
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk
10 Dimensional characteristics (figures 5 to 8)
Dimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange and compatible use of the
disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described are indicated. The enclosed
drawings show the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of the disk are described from the centre
hole to the outside rim.
The dimensions are referred to two Reference Planes P and Q.
Reference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the Clamping Zone (see 10.4)
rests.
Reference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plane P at the height of the top surface of the Clamping Zone.
10.1 Overall dimensions
The disk shall have an overall diameter
d = 120,00 mm ± 0,30 mm
The centre hole of a substrate or a dummy substrate shall have a diameter
+ 0,15 mm
d = 15,00 mm
- 0,00 mm
The diameter of the hole of an assembled disk, i.e. with both parts bonded together, shall be 15,00 mm min., see figure 6.
There shall be no burr on both edges of the centre hole.
The edge of the centre hole shall be rounded off or chamfered. The rounding radius shall be 0,1 mm max. The chamfer shall
extend over a height of 0,1 mm max.
The thickness of the disk, including adhesive layer, spacer(s) and label(s), shall be
+ 0,30 mm
e = 1,20 mm
- 0,06 mm
10.2 First transition area
In the area defined by d and
d = 16,0 mm min.
the surface of the disk is permitted to be above Reference Plane P and/or below Reference Plane Q by 0,10 mm max.
10.3 Second transition area
This area shall extend between diameter d and diameter
d = 22,0 mm max.
In this area the disk may have an uneven surface or burrs up to 0,05 mm max. beyond Reference Planes P and/or Q.
10.4 Clamping Zone
This zone shall extend between diameter d and diameter
d = 33,0 mm min.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
Each side of the Clamping Zone shall be flat within 0,1 mm. The top side of the Clamping Zone, i.e. that of Reference Plane Q
shall be parallel to the bottom side, i.e. that of Reference Plane P within 0,1 mm.
In the Clamping Zone the thickness e of the disk shall be
+ 0,20 mm
e = 1,20 mm
- 0,10 mm
10.5 Third transition area
This area shall extend between diameter d and diameter
d = 44,0 mm max.
In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by
h = 0,25 mm max.
or below Reference Plane Q by
h = 0,10 mm max.
The bottom surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane P by
h = 0,10 mm max
or below Reference Plane P by
h = 0,25 mm max.
10.6 Information Zone
The Information Zone shall extend from the beginning of the Lead-in Zone to diameter d the value of which is specified in
table 1.
In the Information Zone the thickness of the disk shall be equal to e specified in 10.1.
10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the Information Zone
The main parts of the Information Zone are
− the Lead-in Zone
− the Data Zone
− the Lead-out Zone
The area extending from d to diameter
d = 45,2 mm max.
shall be used as follows
− it is the beginning of the Lead-in Zone for Types A and B, and each pair of layers for Type C and D in PTP mode and on
Layer 0 in OTP mode,
− it is the end of the Lead-out Zone on Layer 1 for Types C and D in OTP mode.
In the first case, the Lead-in Zone shall end at diameter
+ 0,0 mm
d = 48,0 mm
- 0,4 mm
which is the beginning of the Data Zone.
In the second case the Data Zone shall not extend toward the centre of the disk beyond d . The Lead-out Zone shall start after
the Data Zone and end between diameters d and d .
6 7
The Data Zone shall start after the Lead-in Zone at diameter d , it shall extend up to diameter
d = 116,0 mm max.
The zone between diameters d and d constitutes the Lead-out Zone in the cases Types A and B, and Types C and D in PTP
9 10
mode and the Middle Zone in the case of Types C and D in OTP mode.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 11

The Lead-out Zone in PTP mode and the Middle Zone shall start after the Data Zone and end at diameter d the value of
which depends on the length of the Data Zone as shown in table 1.
Table 1 - End of the Information Zone
Length of the Data Zone Value of diameter d
Less than 68,0 mm 70,0 mm min.
68,0 mm to 115,0 mm Data Zone diameter + 2,0 mm min.
115,0 mm to 116,0 mm 117,0 mm min.

The zone extending from d to d shall be used for the Burst Cutting Area, if implemented (see annex H).
11 12
10.6.2 Track geometry
In the Information Zone tracks are constituted by a 360° turn of a spiral.
The track pitch shall be 0,74 µm ± 0,03 µm.
The track pitch averaged over the Data Zone shall be 0,74 µm ± 0,01 µm.
10.6.3 Track modes
Tracks can be recorded in two different modes called Parallel Track Path (PTP) and Opposite Track Path (OTP). Figure 5
shows examples of the PTP and OTP modes. In practice, the lengths of the Data Zones of both layers are independent from
each other.
Types A and B shall be recorded in PTP mode only.
Types C and D may be recorded in either modes.
In PTP mode, tracks are read from the inside diameter of the Information Zone to its outside diameter, this applies to both
Layer 0 and Layer 1 for Types C and D, see figure 5a. On both layers, the track spiral is turning from the inside to the outside.
In OTP mode, tracks are read starting on Layer 0 at the inner diameter of the Information Zone, continuing on Layer 1 from the
outer diameter to the inner diameter. Thus, there is a Middle Zone at the outer diameter on both layers, see figure 5b. The track
spiral is turning from the inside to the outside on Layer 0 and in the reverse direction on Layer 1.
The radial misalignment of the outer edge of the Information Zones between Layer 0 and Layer 1 shall be 0,5 mm max.
In OTP mode, the radial misalignment between the outer edge of the Data Zones of Layer 0 and Layer 1 shall be 0,5 mm max.
10.6.4 Channel bit length
The Information Zone shall be recorded in CLV mode. The Channel bit length averaged over the Data Zone shall be
− 133,3 nm ± 1,4 nm for Type A and Type B,
− 146,7 nm ± 1,5 nm for Type C and Type D
10.7 Rim area
The rim area shall be that area extending from diameter d to diameter d (see figure 8). In this area the top surface is
10 1
permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by
h = 0,1 mm max.
and the bottom surface is permitted to be below Reference Plane P by
h = 0,1 mm max.
The total thickness of this area shall not be greater than 1,50 mm, i.e. the maximum value of e . The thickness of the rim proper
shall be
e = 0,6 mm min.
The outer edges of the disk shall be either rounded off with a rounding radius of 0,2 mm max. or be chamfered over
h = 0,2 mm max.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
h = 0,2 mm max.
10.8 Remark on tolerances
All heights specified in the preceding clauses and indicated by h are independent from each other. This means that, for
i
example, if the top surface of the third transition area is below Reference Plane Q by up to h , there is no implication that the
bottom surface of this area has to be above Reference Plane P by up to h . Where dimensions have the same - generally
maximum - numerical value, this does not imply that the actual values have to be identical.
10.9 Runout
10.9.1 Axial runout
When measured by the PUH with the Reference Servo for axial tracking, the disk rotating at the scanning velocity, the
deviation of the recorded layer from its nominal position in the direction normal to the Reference Planes shall not exceed
0,3 mm.
The residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking, shall be less than 0,23 µm.
The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒ (-3dB): 10 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.
c
10.9.2 Radial runout
The runout of the outer edge of the disk shall be less than 0,3 mm, peak-to-peak.
The radial runout of tracks shall be less than 100 µm, peak-to-peak.
The residual tracking error below 1,1 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall be less than 0,022 µm.
The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒ (-3dB) : 1,1 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.
c
The rms noise value of the residual error signal in the frequency band from 1,1 kHz to 10 kHz, measured with an integration
time of 20 ms, using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall be less than 0,016 µm. The measuring filter shall be a
Butterworth BPF, frequency range (-3dB) : 1,1 kHz, slope : +80 dB/decade to 10 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.
10.10 Label
The label shall be placed on the side of the disk opposite the entrance surface for the information to which the label is related.
The label shall be placed either on an outer surface of the disk or inside the disk bonding plane. In the former case, the label
shall not extend over the Clamping Zone. In the latter case, the label may extend over the Clamping Zone. In both cases, the
label shall not extend over the rim of the centre hole nor over the outer edge of the disk.
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 13

11 Mechanical parameters
11.1 Mass
The mass of the disk shall be in the range 13 g to 20 g.
11.2 Moment of inertia
The moment of inertia of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,040 g•m .
11.3 Dynamic imbalance
The dynamic imbalance of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g•m.
11.4 Sense of rotation
The sense of rotation of the disk shall be counterclockwise as seen by the optical system.
12 Optical parameters
12.1 Index of refraction
The index of refraction IR of the transparent substrate shall be 1,55 ± 0,10.
The index of refraction of the spacer shall be (IR ± 0,10).
12.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate
The thickness of the transparent substrate is specified as a function of its index of refraction.
Figure 9 specifies it for Types A and B and figure 10 for Types C and D.
12.3 Thickness of the spacer of Types C and D
For Types C and D, the thickness of the spacer shall be 55 µm ± 15 µm. Annex K shows two ways of measuring this thickness.
On a disk, this thickness shall not vary by more than 20 µm. Within one revolution, it shall not vary by more than 8 µm.
12.4 Angular deviation
The angular deviation is the angle α between a parallel incident beam and the reflected beam. The incident beam shall have a
diameter in the range 0,3 mm to 3,0 mm. This angle includes deflection due to the entrance surface and to unparallelism of the
recorded layer, see figure A.1. It shall meet the following requirements when measured according to annex A.
In radial direction : α = 0,80° max.
In tangential direction : α = 0,30° max.
12.5 Birefringence of the transparent substrate
The birefringence of the transparent substrate shall be 100 nm max. when measured according to annex B.
12.6 Reflectivity
When measured according to annex D, the reflectivity of the recorded layer(s) shall be
Types A and B : 45 % to 85 % (PUH with PBS)
Types A and B: 60 % to 85 % (PUH without PBS)
Types C and D : 18% to 30 % (PUH with PBS)
Types C and D : 18% to 30 % (PUH without PBS)

© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
Figure 5 - Examples of track paths for Types C and D

Figure 6 - Hole of the assembled disk
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 - Areas of the disk
Figure 8 - Rim area
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
Figure 9 - Thickness of the substrate for Types A and B
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 17

Figure 10 - Thickness of the substrate and spacer for Types C and D
Section 3 - Operational Signals
13 High frequency signals (HF)
The HF signal is obtained by summing the currents of the four elements of the photo detector. These currents are modulated by
diffraction of the light beam at the pits representing the information on the recorded layer. Measurements, except for jitter, are
executed to HF before equalizing.
13.1 Modulated amplitude
The modulated amplitude I is the peak-to-peak value generated by the largest pit and land length (figure 11 ).
The peak value I shall be the peak value corresponding to the HF signal before high-pass filtering.
14H
The peak-to-peak value of the shortest pit and land length shall be I .
The 0 Level is the signal level obtained from the measuring device when no disk is inserted.
These parameters shall meet the following requirements.
I / I  =  0,60 min.
14 14H
I / I    =  0,15 min. for Types A and B
3 14
I / I   =  0,20 min. for Types C and D
3 14
The maximum value of (I - I ) / I shall be as specified by table 2.
14Hmax 14Hmin 14Hmax
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
Table 2 - Maximum value of (I - I ) / I
14Hmax 14Hmin 14Hmax
Within one recorded side Within one revolution
of a disk
PUH with PBS 0,33 0,15
PUH without PBS 0,20 0,10
with circular polarization
13.2 Signal asymmetry
The signal asymmetry shall meet the following requirement, see figure 11.
- 0,05 ≤ [ (I + I ) / 2 - (I + I ) / 2 ] / I ≤ 0,15
14H 14L 3H 3L 14
where
(I + I ) / 2 is the centre level of I
− 14H 14L 14
− (I + I ) / 2 is the centre level of I .
3H 3L 3
13.3 Cross-track signal
The cross-track signal shall be derived from the HF signal when low-pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz when the
light beam crosses the tracks (see figure 12). The low-pass filter is a 1st order filter. The cross-track signal shall meet the
following requirements.
I = I - I
T H L
I / I = 0,10 min.
T H
where I is the peak value of this signal and I is the peak-to-peak value.
H T
13.4 Quality of signals
13.4.1 Jitter
Jitter is the standard deviation σ of the time variation of the digitized data passed through the equalizer. The jitter of the leading
and trailing edges is measured to the PLL clock and normalized by the Channel bit clock period.
Jitter shall be less than 8,0 % of the Channel bit clock period, when measured according to annex F.
13.4.2 Random errors
A row of an ECC Block (see clause 18) that has at least 1 byte in error constitutes a PI error. In any 8 consecutive ECC Blocks
the total number of PI errors before correction shall not exceed 280.
13.4.3 Defects
Defects are air bubbles and black spots. Their diameter shall meet the following requirements
− for air bubbles it shall not exceed 100 µm,
− for black spots causing birefringence it shall not exceed 200 µm,
− for black spots not causing birefringence it shall not exceed 300 µm.
In addition, over a distance of 80 mm in scanning direction of tracks, the following requirements shall be met
− the total length of defects larger than 30 µm shall not exceed 300 µm,
− there shall be at most 6 such defects.
14 Servo signals
The output currents of the four quadrants of the split photo detector shown in figure 13 are identified by I , I , I and I .
a b c d
14.1 Differential phase tracking error signal
The differential phase tracking error signal shall be derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detectors
elements when the light beam crosses the tracks : Phase (I + I ) - Phase (I + I ) , see figure 13. The differential phase tracking
a c b d
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 19

error signal shall be low-pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz, see annex C. This signal shall meet the following
requirements (see figure 14).
Amplitude
At the positive 0 crossing ∆t /T shall be in the range 0,5 to 1,1 at 0,10 µm radial offset, where ∆t is the average time
difference derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detector elements, and T is the Channel bit clock period
.
Asymmetry (figure 14)
The asymmetry shall meet the following requirement.
TT−
≤ 0,2
TT+
where
− T is the positive peak value of ∆t / T
− T is the negative peak value of ∆t / T
14.2 Tangential push-pull signal
This signal shall be derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I + I ) - (I + I ). It shall meet the following
a d b c
requirement, see figure15.

II+−I+I
() ( )
ad b c

pp
0 ≤  ≤ 0,9
I
I
I
I
14H
I
3H
I
3L
I
14L
0 Level
97-0002-A
Figure 11 - Modulated amplitude
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
Figure 12 - Cross-track signal

Figure 13 - Quadrant photo detector

Figure 14 - Differential phase tracking error signal
Pit
(+II ) − (I +I )
ad b c
pp
97-0004-A
Figure 15 - Tangential push-pull signal
© ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved 21

Section 4 - Data Format
15 General
The data received from the host, called Main Data, a
...