ISO/IEC 15444-2:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15444-2
Second edition
2021-11
Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system —
Part 2:
Extensions
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images JPEG
2000 —
Partie 2: Extensions
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2021
© ISO/IEC 2021
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ii
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
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Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by ITU-T (as ITU-T REC. T.803) and drafted in accordance with its editorial
rules, in collaboration with Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/Amd 2:2006,
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/Amd 3:2015 and ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/Amd 4:2015 and the Technical
Corrigenda ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/Cor 3:2005 and ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/Cor 4:2007.
The main changes are as follows:
— Annex N ("JPX file format extended metadata definition and syntax") is deprecated;
— the Registration Authority specified in M.7, which was never created or used, is cancelled;
— signalling for HTJ2K codestreams, as specified in Rec. ITU-T T.814 | ISO/IEC 15444-15, is added;
— the RLT marker segment is added;
— references have been revised to their currently in-force editions;
— signalling for codestreams that conform to ISO/IEC 21122-1 is added;
— parameterized colourspace is added to the Colour Specification box;
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved iii

— outstanding amendments and corrigenda are consolidated; and
— the definition of the CAP marker segment was moved to Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2019) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2019.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 15444 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
iv © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards. 1
2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards . 1
2.3 Additional references . 2
3 Definitions. 2
4 Abbreviations . 4
5 Conventions . 4
6 General description . 4
6.1 Extensions specified by this Recommendation | International Standard . 5
6.2 Relation between extensions . 6
Annex A – Compressed data syntax, extension . 8
A.1 Extended capabilities . 8
A.2 Extensions to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 marker segment parameters . 8
A.3 Extended marker segments . 14
Annex B – Variable DC offset, extension . 34
B.1 Variable DC offset flow . 34
B.2 Inverse DC offset . 34
B.3 Forward DC offset (informative) . 34
Annex C – Variable scalar quantization, extension . 36
C.1 Variable scalar quantization . 36
C.2 Variable scalar dequantization for irreversible filters . 36
C.3 Variable scalar quantization for irreversible filters (informative). 36
Annex D – Trellis coded quantization extensions. 38
D.1 Introduction to TCQ . 38
D.2 Sequence definition . 39
D.3 Forward TCQ quantization (informative) . 40
D.4 Inverse quantization (normative) . 41
D.5 Lagrangian rate allocation (informative) . 44
Annex E – Visual masking, extensions . 49
E.1 Introduction to visual masking (informative) . 49
E.2 Point-wise extended non-linearity (informative) . 49
E.3 Decoding with visual masking . 51
E.4 Encoding with visual masking (informative) . 52
E.5 Setting parameters (informative) . 52
E.6 Compatibility with other technologies (informative) . 52
Annex F – Arbitrary decomposition of tile-components, extensions. 53
F.1 Wavelet sub-bands . 53
F.2 Equation, text and decomposition updates . 54
F.3 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions . 63
F.4 Forward discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions (informative) . 70
Annex G – Whole-sample symmetric transformation of images, extensions. 77
G.1 Wavelet transformation parameters, definitions and normalizations . 77
G.2 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformations reconstruction . 77
G.3 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformation decomposition (informative) . 80
G.4 Examples of WS wavelet transformations (informative) . 82
Annex H – Transformation of images using arbitrary wavelet transformations . 85
H.1 Wavelet transformation parameters and normalizations . 85
H.2 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation reconstruction procedures . 86
H.3 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation decomposition procedures (informative) . 91
H.4 Examples of ARB wavelet transformations (informative) . 94
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Rec. ITU-T T.801 (06/2021) v
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Annex I – Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transform, extensions . 98
I.1 Introduction to single sample overlapping . 98
I.2 The code-block anchor points (CBAP) extension . 98
I.3 The SSO extension . 101
I.4 The TSSO extension . 109
I.5 Combining the SSO and TSSO extensions (informative) . 111
Annex J – Multiple component transformations, extension . 112
J.1 Introduction to multiple component transformation concepts . 112
J.2 Overview of inverse processing . 112
J.3 Transformations . 118
Annex K – Non-linear transformation . 128
K.1 Signalling the use of the non-linear transformations . 128
K.2 Non-linear transformation specifications . 129
Annex L – Region of interest coding and extraction, extensions . 133
L.1 Decoding of ROI . 133
L.2 Description of the Scaling based method. 133
L.3 Region of interest mask generation . 134
L.4 Remarks on region of interest coding . 138
Annex M – JPX extended file format syntax . 139
M.1 File format scope . 139
M.2 Introduction to JPX . 139
M.3 Greyscale/Colour/Palette/multi-component specification architecture . 142
M.4 Fragmenting the codestream between one or more files . 143
M.5 Combining multiple codestreams . 145
M.6 Using reader requirements masks to determine how a file can be used . 149
M.7 Extensions to the JPX file format . 156
M.8 Differences from the JP2 binary definition . 157
M.9 Conformance . 157
M.10 Key to graphical descriptions (informative) . 161
M.11 Defined boxes . 161
M.12 Dealing with unknown boxes . 210
M.13 Using the JPX file format in conjunction with other multi-media standards (informative) . 211
M.14 Decomposing an XML document into multiple boxes . 211
Annex N – JPX file format extended metadata definition and syntax . 213
N.1 Introduction to extended metadata . 213
N.2 Additional references for extended metadata . 213
N.3 Scope of metadata definitions . 213
N.4 Metadata syntax . 214
N.5 Defined boxes . 215
N.6 Metadata definitions . 217
N.7 Fundamental type and element definitions . 246
N.8 JPX extended metadata document type definition . 264
N.9 JPX extended metadata XML Schema . 275
Annex O – Examples and guidelines, extensions . 293
O.1 Arbitrary decomposition examples . 293
O.2 Odd Tile Low Pass First (OTLPF) convention . 314
O.3 Multiple component collection example . 315
O.4 Background to enhancement of quantization . 325
O.5 Wrapping JPEG XR (Rec. ITU-T T.832 | ISO/IEC 29199-2) Codestreams by the JPX file format . 326
O.6 Representing floating point numbers within JPEG 2000. 328
O.7 Working with ROI Description boxes . 329
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Annex P – Block coder extensions . 331
P.1 Selective arithmetic coding bypass (lazy mode) . 331
P.2 Enhancement of selective arithmetic coding bypass (fast mode) . 331
Bibliography . 333
List of Tables
Table A.1 – Syntax support for extensions . 8
Table A.2 – Capability Rsiz parameter, extended . 9
Table A.3 – Start of tile-part parameter values, extended . 9
Table A.4 – Number of tile-parts, TNsot, parameter value, extended . 9
Table A.5 – Coding style parameter values for the Scod parameter . 10
Table A.6 – Coding style parameter values of the SGcod parameter . 10
Table A.7 – Coding style parameter values of the SPcod and SPcoc parameters, extended. 11
Table A.8 – Multiple component transformation for the SGcod parameters . 11
Table A.9 – Decomposition for the SPcod and SPcoc parameters, extended . 11
Table A.10 – Transformation for the SPcod and SPcoc parameters, extended . 11
Table A.11 – SSO parameters, extended . 12
Table A.11bis – SXcod parameter . 12
Table A.12 – Quantization default values for the Sqcd, Sqcc, Sqpd, and Sqpc parameters, extended . 13
Table A.13 – Quantization values (irreversible transformation only), extended . 13
Table A.14 – SPqcd, SPqcc, SPqpd, and SPqpc parameters (irreversible transformation only), extended . 13
Table A.15 – SPqcd, SPqcc, SPqpd, and SPqpc parameters (irreversible transformation only), extended . 14
Table A.16 – Region-of-interest parameter values for the Srgn parameter . 14
Table A.17 – Component index parameter value for the Crgn parameter . 14
Table A.18 – Region-of-interest values from SPrgn parameter (Srgn = 1 or Srgn = 2) . 14
Table A.19 – List of markers and marker segments . 15
Table A.20 – Variable DC offset parameter values . 16
Table A.21 – Variable DC offset parameter values for the Sdco parameter . 16
Table A.22 – Visual masking parameter values . 17
Table A.23 – Component parameter value for the Cvms parameter . 17
Table A.24 – Visual masking for the Svms parameters . 17
Table A.25 – Downsampling factor styles parameter values . 18
Table A.26 – Arbitrary decomposition styles parameter values . 19
Table A.27 – Arbitrary transformation parameter values. 20
Table A.28 – Arbitrary transformation values for the Satk parameter . 21
Table A.29 –Component bit depth definition parameter values . 22
Table A.30 – Component bit depth definition values for the Ncbd parameter . 22
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Table A.31 – Component bit depth definition values for the BDcbd parameter . 22
Table A.32 – Multiple component transformation definition parameter values . 23
Table A.33 – Multiple component transformation definition values for the Imct parameter. 23
Table A.34 – Multiple component collection parameter values . 25
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Table A.35 – Multiple component collection values for the Xmcc parameter . 25
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Table A.36 – Multiple component collection values for the Nmcc parameter . 25
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Table A.37 – Multiple component collection values for the Mmcc parameter . 25
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Table A.38 – Multiple component collection values for the Tmcc parameter (array-based) . 26
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Table A.39 – Multiple component collection values for the Tmcc parameter (wavelet-based) . 26
Table A.40 – Multiple component intermediate collection parameter values . 27
Table A.41 – Non-linearity transformation parameter values . 28
Table A.42 – Non-linearity transformation parameter values for the Cnlt parameter . 28
Table A.43 – Decoded image component bit depth parameter values for the BDnlt parameter . 28
Table A.44 – Non-linearity transformation parameter values of the Tnlt parameter . 28
Table A.45 – Non-linearity transformation parameter values of the STnlt parameter (Tnlt = 1). 29
Table A.46 – Non-linearity transformation parameter values of the STnlt parameter (Tnlt = 2). 29
Table A.47 – Quantization default, precinct parameter values . 30
Table A.48 – Quantization precinct component parameter values . 32
Table A.49 – Ccap syntax and semantics . 32
Table A.50 – Precinct length, tile-part header parameter values . 33
Table A.51 – Srlt values and semantics . 33
i 31
Table A.52 – Semantics of Jrlt values when Srlt is in the range [0, 2 – 1] . 33
Table D.1 – Parent LUTs for k > 0 in the trellis of Figure D.3. 41
Table D.2 – Description of functional blocks in Figure D.4 . 41
Table D.3 – Description of functional blocks in Figure D.5 . 42
Table D.4 – Look-up table for A(s) . 43
Table D.5 – Look-up table for S(s,q ) . 43
k
Table D.6 – Description of functional blocks for Figure D.6 . 44
Table D.7 – Sub-band statistics required for LRA . 45
Table D.8 –  parameters for TCQ . 45
b
Table D.9 –  parameters for TCQ . 45
b
Table D.10 –  parameters for SQ . 46
b
Table D.11 –  parameters for SQ . 46
b
Table D.12 – Description of functional blocks in Figure D.7 . 48
Table F.1 – Updates to contexts for significance propagation and cleanup coding passes . 55
Table F.2 – Quantities for sub-band info calculation . 59
Table F.3 – S(a ) and J(a ) as a function of d (i) . 63
b b S
Table F.4 – S(a ) and J(a ) as a function of d (i) . 63
b b R
Table F.5 – Characteristics for sample wavelet decomposition in Figure F.14 . 64
Table G.1 – Parameters for wavelet transformations . 77
Table G.2 – Parameters of the 5-3 reversible wavelet transformation . 82
Table G.3 – Parameters of the 13-7 reversible wavelet transformation . 83
Table G.4 – Parameters of the 5-3 irreversible wavelet transformation. 83
Table G.5 – Parameters of the irreversible 7-5 wavelet transformation. 84
Table G.6 – Parameters of the irreversible 9-7 wavelet transformation. 84
Table H.1 – Additional parameters for arbitrary wavelet transformations . 85
Table H.2 – Minimum left extension length . 89
Table H.3 – Minimum right extension length . 89
Table H.4 – Parameters of the reversible Haar 2-2 wavelet transformation . 95
Table H.5 – Parameters of the reversible 2-6 wavelet transformation . 95
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viii Rec. ITU-T T.801 (06/2021)

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Table H.6 – Parameters of the reversible 2-10 wavelet transformation . 95
Table H.7 – Parameters of the irreversible 6-10 wavelet transformation . 96
Table H.8 – Parameters of the irreversible 10-18 wavelet transformation . 96
Table M.1 – Example expression . 151
Table M.2 – Expanded expression . 151
Table M.3 – Example factored expression . 151
Table M.4 – Example of a Reader Requirements expressions for Equations M-6 and M-7 . 153
Table M.5 – Example of a Reader Requirements box for Equations M-6 and M-7 . 153
Table M.6 – Reader Requirements table for Equations M-10 and M-11 . 154
Table M.7 – Reader Requirements box data for Equations M-10 and M-11 . 154
Table M.8 – Reader Requirements box data for Equations M-16 and M-17 . 155
Table M.9 – Example Reader Requirements box to test . 155
Table M.11 – Items which can be extended through Recommendations | International Standards . 156
Table M.12 – Items which can be extended by registration . 157
Table M.13 – Boxes defined within this Recommendation | International Standard . 163
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Table M.14 – Legal values of the SF field . 165
Table M.15 – Format of the contents of the Reader Requirements box. 167
Table M.16 – Format of the contents of the Data Reference box . 168
Table M.17 – Format of the contents of the Fragment List box . 169
Table M.18 – Format of the contents of the Cross-Reference box . 170
Table M.19 – Legal C values . 171
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Table M.20 – BPC and BPC parameters . 172
Table M.21 – Format of the contents of the Image Header box . 172
Table M.22 – Legal METH values . 176
Table M.23 – Legal APPROX values . 177
Table M.24 – Format of the contents of the Colour Specification box . 177
Table M.24bis – Nominal maximum sample values . 177
Table M.25 – Additional legal EnumCS values . 178
Table M.26 – Format of the contents of the METHDAT field for the Enumerated method. 179
Table M.27 – Format of the contents of the METHDAT field for the Any ICC method . 180
Table M.28 – Format of the contents of the METHDAT field for the Vendor Colour method . 180
Table M.28bis – Format of the METHDAT field for the Parameterized method . 181
Table M.29 – Standard illuminant values for CIELab . 182
Table M.30 – Format of the contents of the EP field for CIELab (EnumCS = 14) . 183
Table M.30bis – Default Offset Values and Encoding of Offsets for the CIEJab Colourspace . 184
Table M.31 – Format of the contents of the EP field for CIEJab (EnumCS = 19) . 184
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Table M.32 – Colours indicated by the Asoc field . 185
Table M.33 – Otyp field values . 186
Table M.34 – Format of the contents of the Opacity box. 186
Table M.35 – Format of the contents of the Codestream Registration box . 188
Table M.35bis . 189
Table M.35ter – Common floating point formats (informative) . 189
Table M.36 – Format of the contents of the Composition box . 190
Table M.37 – Format of the contents of the Composition Options box . 191
Table M.38 – Ityp field values . 191
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved
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Table M.39 – Format of the contents of the Instruction Set box . 192
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Table M.40 – Format of the contents of the INST parameter in the Instruction Set box . 194
Table M.41 – Format of the contents of the Association box . 196
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Table M.42 – AN field values. 196
Table M.43 – Format of the contents of the Number List box . 196
Table M.44 – Legal Filter types . 197
Table M.45 – Format of the contents of the Binary Filter box . 198
Table M.46 – Format of the contents of the Graphics Technology Standard Output box . 199
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Table M.47 – Legal R values . 199
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Table M.48 – Allowed Rtyp values . 200
Table M.49 – Format of the contents of the ROI Description box . 200
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Table M.49bis – Interpreting the 2 bit D field of Rtyp for quadrilateral refinements . 201
Table M.50 – Legal Styp values . 202
Table M.51 – Legal Ptyp values . 203
Table M.52 – Format of the contents of the Digital Signature box . 203
Table N.1 – Format of the contents of the Image Creation box. 215
Table N.2 – Format of the contents of the Content Description box . 216
Table N.3 – Format of the contents of the History box . 216
Table N.4 – Format of the contents of the Intellectual Property Rights box . 217
Table N.5 – Format of the contents of the Image Identifier box . 217
Table N.6 – Image Source values. 218
Table N.7 – Scene type values . 218
Table N.8 – Sensor technology values . 220
Table N.9 – Exposure program values . 224
Table N.10 – Metering mode values . 225
Table N.11 – Scene illuminant values . 225
Table N.12 – Back light values . 225
Table N.13 – Auto focus values . 226
Table N.14 – Name description values . 241
Table N.15 – Date description values. 242
Table N.16 – Additional name description values . 245
Table N.17 – Address component type values . 249
Table N.18 – Address type values . 250
Table N.19 – Phone number type values . 250
Table N.20 – Name component type values . 253
Table N.21 – Latitude reference values . 258
Table N.22 – Latitude values . 258
Table N.23 – Longitude reference values . 258
Table N.24 – Longitude values . 258
Table N.25 – GPS Status values .
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