ISO/IEC 22533:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 22533
First edition
2005-07-01
Information technology — Data
interchange on 90 mm optical disk
cartridges — Capacity: 2,3 Gbytes per
cartridge
Technologies de l'information — Échange de données sur cartouches
de disque optique de 90 mm — Capacité: 2,3 Go par cartouche

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2005
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©  ISO/IEC 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. vii
Section 1 - General . 1
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance. 1
2.1 Optical disk Cartridge (ODC) . 1
2.2 Generating system. 1
2.3 Receiving system. 2
2.4 Compatibility statement . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Conventions and notations . 5
5.1 Representation of numbers . 5
5.2 Names . 5
6 Abbreviations and acronyms . 5
7 General description of the optical disk cartridge. 6
8 General requirements. 6
8.1 Environments . 6
8.2 Temperature shock. 8
8.3 Safety requirements . 8
8.4 Flammability . 8
9 Reference Drive. 8
9.1 Optical system . 8
9.2 Optical beam . 9
9.3 Read channels. 10
9.4 Tracking . 10
9.5 Rotation of the disk . 10
Section 2 - Mechanical and physical characteristics. 11
10 Dimensional and physical characteristics of the case . 11
10.1 General description of the case (see Figure 2). 11
10.2 Reference planes of the case . 11
10.3 Dimensions of the case. 11
10.4 Mechanical characteristics . 18
11 Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk . 31
11.1 General description of the disk . 31
11.2 Reference axis and plane of the disk. 31
11.3 Dimensions of the disk (see Figure 13). 31
11.4 Mechanical characteristics . 32
11.5 Optical Characteristics. 34
12 Interface between cartridge and drive. 36
12.1 Clamping method. 36
12.2 Clamping force. 36
12.3 Capture cylinder (see Figure 14). 36
12.4 Disk position in operating condition (see Figure 14). 36
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved iii

Section 3 - Format of information. 38
13 Geometry of physical tracks. 38
13.1 Physical track shape. 38
13.2 Direction of track spiral . 39
13.3 Physical track pitch . 39
14 Track format. 39
14.1 Logical Track number. 39
14.2 Logical Track layout . 39
14.3 Clock frequencies and periods. 40
14.4 Radial alignment . 40
14.5 Sector number. 41
15 Sector format. 41
15.1 Sector layout. 41
15.2 Sector Mark (SM). 42
15.3 VFO fields. 42
15.4 Address Mark (AM) . 43
15.5 ID fields . 43
15.6 Postambles (PA). 44
15.7 Gap . 45
15.8 Sync. 45
15.9 Data field . 45
15.10 VCO lock pattern field (VLP) . 46
15.11 Buffer field . 46
16 Recording code . 46
17 Format of the Information Zone. 47
17.1 General description of the Information Zone . 47
17.2 Division of the Information Zone. 47
18 Format of the Data Zone. 51
18.1 Buffer tracks and Test tracks in the Data Zone . 51
18.2 Defect Management Areas (DMAs) . 51
18.3 Disk Definition Structure (DDS). 55
18.4 Partitioning . 55
18.5 Logical block address . 55
19 Defect management . 57
19.1 Initialization of the disk . 57
19.2 Certification . 57
19.3 Disks not certified . 58
19.4 Write procedure. 58
19.5 Primary Defect List (PDL). 58
19.6 Secondary Defect List (SDL). 59
Section 4 - Characteristics of embossed information. 60
20 Method of testing . 60
20.1 Environment . 60
20.2 Use of the Reference Drive . 60
20.3 Definition of signals. 61
21 Signals from grooves . 62
21.1 Divided push-pull signal. 62
21.2 Phase depth. 63
21.3 Track location. 63
22 Signals from Headers . 63
22.1 Sector Mark. 64
22.2 VFO1 and VFO2 . 64
22.3 Address Mark, ID field and Postamble. 64
22.4 Timing jitter. 64
iv © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

22.5 Asymmetry . 65
23 Signals from embossed Recording fields. 65
23.1 Signal amplitude . 65
23.2 Timing jitter . 65
Section 5 - Characteristics of the recording layer and user data . 66
24 Method of testing. 66
24.1 Environment . 66
24.2 Reference Drive. 66
24.3 Write conditions. 67
24.4 Erase conditions. 69
24.5 Definition of signals. 70
25 Magneto-optical characteristics. 70
25.1 Figure of merit. 70
25.2 Imbalance of the magneto-optical signal .70
26 Write characteristics. 71
26.1 Resolution . 71
26.2 Narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio (NBSNR). 72
26.3 Cross-talk ratio. 73
26.4 Timing jitter . 73
26.5 Media thermal interaction . 73
27 Erase power determination. 74
Section 6 - Characteristics of user data . 75
28 Method of testing. 75
28.1 Environment . 75
28.2 Reference Drive. 75
29 Minimum quality of a sector . 76
29.1 Headers. 76
29.2 User-written data. 77
30 Data interchange requirements. 77
30.1 Tracking . 77
30.2 User-written data. 77
30.3 Quality of disk . 77
Annex A (normative) Edge distortion test . 78
Annex B (normative) Compliance test . 79
Annex C (normative) CRC for ID fields . 81
Annex D (normative) Interleave, CRC, ECC, Resync for the data field. 82
Annex E (normative) Contents of the Control Zone . 87
Annex F (normative) Determination of the Resync patterns . 94
Annex G (normative) Measurement of the figure of merit . 99
Annex H (normative) Read Channel for measuring NBSNR and jitter. 100
Annex I (normative) Implementation Independent Mark Quality Determination (IIMQD) for the
interchange of recorded media . 103
Annex J (normative) Air cleanliness class 100 000 . 104
Annex K (normative) Position of the cartridge relative to the reference planes . 105
Annex L (normative) Relaxation by zones of the requirements for signals. 106
Annex M (normative) Test method for measuring the adsorbent force of the hub. 107
Annex N (informative) Track deviation measurement . 109
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved v

Annex O (informative) Derivation of the operating climatic environment . 113
Annex P (informative) Transportation . 118
Annex Q (informative) Office environment . 119
Annex R (informative) Values to be implemented in existing and future standards . 120
Annex S (informative) Measurement of the vertical birefringence of the substrate. 121
Annex T (informative) Sector retirement guidelines . 123
Annex U (informative) Laser power calibration for evaluation of media power sensitivity. 124

vi © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 22533 was prepared by Ecma (as ECMA-353) and was adopted, under a special fast-track
procedure, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 23,
Digital storage media for information interchange, in parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and
IEC.
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved vii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 22533:2005(E)

Information technology — Data interchange on 90 mm optical
disk cartridges — Capacity: 2,3 Gbytes per cartridge
Section 1 - General
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the characteristics of 90 mm Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC) with a
capacity of 2,3 GB per Cartridge. The Standard specifies only Type R/W for 2 048–byte sectors of such
cartridge.
Type R/W provides for data to be written, read and erased many times over the entire recording surface of the
disk using the thermo-magnetic and magneto-optical effects. It is also referred to as "fully rewritable". This
International Standard provides for 2 048-byte sectors only. All sectors on a disk are of the same size.
This International Standard specifies
 the conditions for conformance testing and the Reference Drive;
 the environments in which the cartridges are to be operated and stored;
 the mechanical and physical characteristics of the cartridge, so as to provide mechanical interchange
ability between data processing systems;
 the format of the information on the disk, both embossed and user-written; including the physical
disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correction codes, and the modulation method used;
 the characteristics of the embossed information on the disk;
 the magneto-optical characteristics of the disk, enabling processing systems to write data onto the disk;
 the minimum quality of user-written data on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read data from
the disk.
This International Standard provides for interchange between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for
volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical disk Cartridge (ODC)
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify the Type of the ODC. It shall be in
conformance if it meets all mandatory requirements specified herein for that Type.
2.2 Generating system
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify which Type is supported. A system
generating an ODC for interchange shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it meets the
mandatory requirements of this International Standard for the Type specified.
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved 1

2.3 Receiving system
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify which Type is supported. A system
receiving an ODC for interchange shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to
process any recording made on the cartridge in accordance with 2.1 on the Type specified.
2.4 Compatibility statement
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall include a statement listing any other
International Standard supported by the system for which conformance is claimed. This statement shall
specify the number of the Standard(s), the ODC type(s) supported (where appropriate) and whether support
includes reading or both reading and writing.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ECMA-287 Safety of electronic equipment (2002)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
4.1
band
Part of the Data Zone comprising a fixed number of consecutive physical tracks.
4.2
case
The housing for an optical disk, that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.
4.3
Channel bit
The smallest element for the representation of data on a disk. It is recorded as either a space or a mark.
Twelve Channel bits are used to represent eight input bits.
4.4
clamping zone
The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.
4.5
control track
A track containing the information on media parameters and format necessary for writing, reading and erasing
the remaining tracks on the optical disk.
4.6
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
A method for detecting errors in data.
4.7
defect management
A method for handling the defective areas on the disk.
2 © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

4.8
disk reference plane
A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping zone of the
disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.9
embossed mark
A mark so formed as to be unalterable by magneto-optical means.
4.10
entrance surface
The surface of the disk on to which the optical beam first impinges.
4.11
Error Correction Code (ECC)
An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kinds of errors in data.
4.12
field
A subdivision of a sector.
4.13
format
The arrangement or layout of information on the disk.
4.14
fully rewritable disk
An optical disk in which the data in specified areas can be rewritten by an optical beam.
4.15
groove
See 4.19.
4.16
hub
The central feature on the disk which interacts with the spindle of the disk drive to provide radial centring and
the clamping force.
4.17
interleaving
The process of allocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to
burst errors.
4.18
Kerr rotation
The rotation of the plane of polarization of an optical beam upon reflection from the recording layer, as caused
by the magneto-optical effect.
4.19
land and groove
A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track
location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land with which it is paired to form a
track.
4.20
logical track
17 consecutive sectors for disks with 2 048-byte sectors in one or more physical tracks. The first sector of
each logical track is assigned sector number 0.
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved 3

4.21
logical ZCAV
A disk format requiring Zoned Constant Angular Velocity operation and with tracks n in the Data Zone all
being logical tracks.
4.22
mark
A feature of the recording layer which may take the form of a magnetic domain, a pit, or any other type or form
that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks represents the data on the disk.
NOTE 1 Subdivisions of a sector which are named 'mark' are not marks in the sense of this definition.
4.23
optical disk
A disk that will accept and retain information in the form of marks in a recording layer, that can be read with an
optical beam.
4.24
optical disk cartridge (ODC)
A device consisting of a case containing an optical disk.
4.25
physical track
The path which is followed by the focus of the optical beam during one revolution of the disk.
4.26
physical track group
A fixed number of consecutive physical tracks in the Data Zone.
4.27
pitch
The distance between adjacent physical track centrelines, measured in a radial direction.
4.28
polarization
The direction of polarization of an optical beam is the direction of the electric vector of the beam.
NOTE 2 The plane of polarization is the plane containing the electric vector and the direction of propagation of the
beam. The polarization is right-handed when to an observer looking in the direction of propagation of the beam, the end-
point of the electric vector would appear to describe an ellipse in the clockwise sense.
4.29
read power
The optical power, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, used when reading.
NOTE 3 It is specified as a maximum power that may be used without damage to the written data. Lower power may
be used provided that the signal-to-noise ratio and other requirements of this International Standard are met.
4.30
recording layer
A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/or use.
4.31
Reed-Solomon code
An error detection and/or correction code which is particularly suited to the correction of errors which occur in
bursts or are strongly correlated.
4 © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

4.32
sector
The smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently
of other addressable parts of the zone.
4.33
space
The area between marks along the track.
4.34
spindle
The part of the disk drive which contacts the disk and/or hub.
4.35
substrate
A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the
optical beam accesses the recording layer.
4.36
zone
An annular area of the disk.
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. It implies
that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of +0,01, and a negative tolerance of -0,02 allows a
range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275.
Letters and digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal notation.
The setting of a bit is denoted by ZERO or ONE.
Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1.
Numbers in binary notation and bit combinations are shown with the most significant bit to the left.
Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given in TWO's complement.
In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (byte 0) is recorded first. Within each byte
the least significant bit is numbered 0 and is recorded last, the most significant bit (numbered 7 in an 8-bit
byte) is recorded first. This order of recording applies also to the data input of the Error Detection and
Correction circuits and to their output.
Unless otherwise stated, all track numbers refer to logical tracks.
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with a capital initial.
6 Abbreviations and acronyms
AM Address Mark
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved 5

DDS Disk Definition Structure
DMA Defect Management Area
ECC Error Correction Code
FA1 Functional Area 1
FA2 Functional Area 2
ID Identifier
LSB Least Significant Byte
MO Magneto-Optical
MSB Most Significant Byte
ODC Optical Disk Cartridge
PA Postamble
PDL Primary Defect List
RLL (1,7) Run Length Limited (code)
R/W Rewritable
SDL Secondary Defect List
SM Sector Mark
TIA Time Interval Analyser
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator
ZCAV Zoned Constant Angular Velocity
7 General description of the optical disk cartridge
The optical disk cartridge which is the subject of this International Standard consists of a case containing an
optical disk.
The case is a protective enclosure for the disk. It has access windows covered by a shutter. The windows are
automatically uncovered by the drive when the cartridge is inserted into it.
The optical disk is recordable on one side. Data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of magnetic
domains in the recording layer and can be erased from it with a focussed optical beam, using the thermo-
magnetic effect. Data may be directly written over existing data by modulating the intensity of the optical beam.
The data can be read with a focussed optical beam, using the magneto-optical effect. The beam accesses the
recording layer through the transparent substrate of the disk.
8 General requirements
8.1 Environments
8.1.1 Testing environment
The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge has
the following properties:
temperature : 23 °C ± 2 °C
relative humidity : 45 % to 55 %
6 © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa
air cleanliness : Class 100 000 (see Annex J)
No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. Before testing, the optical disk cartridge shall
be conditioned in this environment for 48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance
surface of the optical disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.
Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment.
8.1.2 Operating environment
This International Standard requires that an optical disk cartridge which meets all requirements of this
International Standard in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges
of environmental parameters in the operating environment.
The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk cartridge
has the following properties:
Temperature : 5 °C to 55 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 85 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature gradient : 10 °C/h max.
relative humidity gradient : 10 %/h max.
air cleanliness : Office environment (see Annex Q.1)
magnetic field strength at the recording layer for
any condition under which a beam is in focus : 36 000 A/m max. (see Annex Q.2)
magnetic field strength at the recording layer
during any other condition : 48 000 A/m max.
No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur. If an optical disk cartridge has been exposed to
conditions outside those specified in this Clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment
for at least 2 h before use. (See also Annex O)
8.1.3 Storage environment
The optical disk cartridge without any protective enclosure shall not be stored in an environment outside the
range allowed for storage. The storage environment is defined as an environment where the air immediately
surrounding the optical disk cartridge has the following properties:
temperature : - 10 °C to 55 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 90 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature gradient : 15 °C /h max.
relative humidity gradient : 10 %/h max.
air cleanliness : Office environment (see Annex Q.1)
magnetic field strength at the recording layer : 48 000 A/m max.
© ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved 7

No condensation on or in the optical disk cartridge shall occur.
8.1.4 Transportation
This International Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in Annex P.
8.2 Temperature shock
The optical disk cartridge shall withstand a temperature shock of up to 20 °C when inserted into, or removed
from, the drive.
8.3 Safety requirements
The cartridge shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-287, when used in the intended manner
or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.
8.4 Flammability
The cartridge and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB
materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-287.
9 Reference Drive
The Reference Drive is a drive several critical components of which have well defined properties and which is
used to test write, read and erase parameters of the disk for conformance to this International Standard. The
critical components vary from test to test. This Clause gives an outline of all components; components critical
for tests in specific Clauses only are specified in these Clauses.
9.1 Optical system
The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the write, read and erase
parameters is shown in Figure 1. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided
that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in Figure 1. The optical system shall be such that
the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the
accuracy of the measurements.
In the absence of polarization changes in the disk, the polarizing beam splitter J shall be aligned to make the
signal of detector K equal to that of detector K . The direction of polarization in this case is called the neutral

1 2
direction. The phase retarder N shall be adjusted such that the optical system does not have more than 2,5°
phase retardation between the neutral polarization and the polarization perpendicular to it. This position of the
retarder is called the neutral position.
The phase retarder can be used for the measurement of the narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio (see 26.2).
The beam splitter J shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100.
The beam splitter E shall have an intensity reflectance R from F to H of nominally 0,30 for the neutral

p
polarization direction. The reflectance R for the polarization perpendicular to the neutral direction shall be

s
nominally 0,95. The actual value of R shall not be smaller than 0,90.

s
The imbalance of the magneto-optical signal is specified for a beam splitter with nominal reflectance. If the
measurement is made on a drive with reflectance's R ' and R ' for beam splitter E, then the measured
p s
imbalance shall be multiplied by
8 © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

'
R R
p
s
'
R R
s
p
to make it correspond to the nominal beam splitter E.
The output of Channel 1 is the sum of the currents through photodiodes K and K , and is used for reading
1 2
embossed marks. The output of Channel 2 is the difference between photo-diode currents, and is used for
reading user-written marks with the magneto-optical effect.
I I
1 2
L
+
Ch.2
K K
3 2
L
+
Ch.1
J
+
N
K
H
CD E F G
B
A
A Laser di
...