ISO 37184:2023

Deleted: :202#(X)
ISO/PRF 37184
ISO/TC 268/SC 2 Deleted: /WG 2
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2023-01-04
Deleted: —
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
Mobilité et transport durable — Cadre pour les services de transport en fournissant des mailles pour la
Deleted: ¶
communication 5G DIS
FDIS stage
Deleted: ¶
Warning for WDs and CDs¶
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is
distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an
International Standard.¶
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their
comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting
documentation.¶
¶
© ISO 20XX¶
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: 202#(X
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Deleted: Email
Website: www.iso.org
Deleted: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Deleted: ####
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
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Contents
Foreword . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Normative references . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 Terms and definitions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 Background . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks . Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshesError!
Bookmark not defined.
4.4 Meeting the sustainable development goals (SDSs) . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5 Adoption of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 General . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Promotion of transportation services . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Security in transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication . Error!
Bookmark not defined.
6.1 Data transmission performance by transportation services . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Data transmission security for transportation services . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7 Personal privacy protection for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . Error! Bookmark not defined.
8 Quality maintenance of transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication
Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.1 General . Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.2 Parameters to be monitored . Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.3 Modification of transportation services . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.

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ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: 202#(X
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
Deleted: ####
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ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
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Introduction
5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication services, connecting multiple terminals and
devices such as PCs and smartphones. Non-electronic objects can also be involved in 5G communication,
when they are electronically recognized using methods such as QR-codes and face recognition by
Deleted: like
converting their images into electronic data. Thus, no matter whether things are digitally
Deleted: to
processed/processable or not, all items can be connected in 5G communication, which is characterized
Deleted: . The communication
by high speed, negligible delay and large capacity traffic in data transmission, assisted with edge
Deleted: with
computing.
In 5G communication, carrier waves in high-frequency ranges are used, where many frequency channels
had been vacant. However, high frequency waves are easily scattered by objects while propagating. This Deleted: were
shortcoming requires building many base stations to successfully receive and forward waves.
Deleted: asks to build
Transportation services are the most widely networked to connect people, delivery items and freight to
Deleted: convey
villages, towns, cities and large city zones with public roads, railroads and rivers or canals which have
Deleted: by connecting
transportation facilities, i.e. streetlamps, traffic signals, signboards, bus stops, railroad instruments,
Deleted: that is to say,
stations, ports. Private and commercial vehicles are active wherever human activities are in place.
Deleted: and so on
Transportation facilities and vehicles are, therefore, operative places to install nodes with a transceiver
for carrier waves. The facilities and vehicles statically or dynamically form local ad hoc networks of Deleted: running thereon
meshes which can organically be overlapped with backbone networks of 5G communication. This
complements the current transportation services using 5G communication services, indirectly and
effectively.
This document outlines how transportation facilities and vehicles can contribute to transportation Deleted: contributes
services using 5G communication services by providing as many large and stable meshes as possible, as
Deleted: meshes
a means to support the current 5G backbone networks.
Deleted: ,
In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing
Deleted: stably
sustainability issues.
Deleted: in an ideal sense
Deleted: mean
Deleted: ####
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ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: —
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
1 Scope
This document provides:
— a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes;
Deleted: - Framework on
— a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and
Deleted: -
mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches;
Deleted: dispatch
— a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers;
Deleted: -
Deleted: provider
— a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.
Deleted: -
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
Deleted: For the purposes of this document, the following
Deleted: apply
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
Deleted: terminological
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Deleted: —
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
Deleted: —
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
Deleted: Every country is starting
communication
Deleted: mainly
4.1 Background
Deleted: of
Deleted: .
5G communication services are starting to become widespread worldwide to transmit more data by
increasing the number of carrier wave channels. Since 3G and 4G communication mainly uses low Deleted: .
frequency channels, most countries use high frequency ranges to adopt 5G communication by following
Deleted: attenuated
3GPP TS 38.104 V16.7.0. The frequency ranges used for 5G communication, which are normally 3,5 GHz
Deleted: . This is an idea
to 3,8 GHz, are higher compared to those for 3G and 4G communication. Owing to the short wavelengths
Deleted: base stations
of the carrier waves in 5G communication, the waves can be easily scattered while propagating and
drastically attenuating. To gain wave signal amplitude or power for longer distance transmission and Deleted: result
expand the service coverage, more base stations should be built up, but they require sufficient power
Deleted: increasing the
supply and large premises for operation, which results in increased capital costs. As the service areas
Deleted: cost
remain limited due to such reasons, 5G communication has not yet become common worldwide.
Deleted: remains
As transportation systems already have dense and large networks, it is expected that transportation
Deleted: been
infrastructures can be used as places to install small cells for mesh networking to enlarge 5G
Deleted: in every city or in every country
communication coverage. Small cells, the size and weight of which are minimized, can be simply placed
at as many spots as possible to locally process communication signals. Such a small cell, called a mesh Deleted: are overlapped
node, forms a mesh. Meshes overlap with each other and generate mesh networks. Individual meshes and
Deleted: are
mesh networks further overlap with the current backbone networks of 5G communication.
Deleted: overlapped
Wherever human activities take place, transportation is used. Every city has transportation vehicles and
Deleted: architectures
facilities such as bus stops, rail stations, ports, airports, public roads, railroad tracks, transportation
Deleted: listed
operators’ buildings, service facilities and related commercial architecture, even if the transportation
Deleted: signaling
operation and service scale depends on populations and population density, as noted in ISO 37154:2017,
5.2 to 6.2. Lampposts, traffic lights and signboards as well as electric and signalling poles are built on Deleted: in
public roads and railroad tracks and their entire networks extended in a city or a large city zone. Thus, as
Deleted: ####
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
mentioned earlier, transportation vehicles and facilities are good places to install mesh nodes. Mesh
nodes, which are characterized by small and light device scales and low power consumption, are also low
Deleted: with the…y small and light device scales and
small…ow power consumption, can be left for a long time
maintenance. A mesh node has a low coverage of about 150 m area in radius. However, a number of
without…re also low maintenance. A mesh node has a
meshes created by placing many mesh nodes forms large networks. Vehicles effectively help in
small…ow coverage of about 150 m area in radius.
dynamically forming meshes by moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone has high
However, a number of meshes created by placing many
enough power to perform routing. Thus, walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh
mesh nodes form…orms large networks. Vehicles
effectively help in dynamically forming meshes by
formation as people with phones spread in a city.
moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks
has power …igh enough power to perform routing. Thus,
walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh
formation as people with the phone
The number of meshes that are created with many mesh nodes placed in transportation facilities and .
vehicles, can work to automatically route communication signals in and between meshes organically
Deleted: , which…that are created with many mesh nodes
placed in transportation facilities and vehicles, can work
overlapping each other. In the mesh networks, a signal wave launched from a mesh node runs by hopping
to automatically route communication signals in and
from node to node to find the shortest way to reach gateways to/from 5G backbone networks.
between meshes organically overlapped with
...
The communication services in the meshes and mesh networks are provided additionally and adaptably
to the current 5G communication services. Thus, the mesh communication does not negatively affect the
5G communication technologies and services. The meshes should be adaptive and agile to realize dynamic
adjustment and optimization of network configuration efficiently.
Smart transportation by providing meshes are designated targeting a means to support the current 5G Deleted: mean…eans to support the current 5G backbone
network of contributing to transportation services using
backbone network of contributing to transportation services using 5G communication services.
5G communication services. Predictable…redictably, with
Predictably, with the development of communication technology in the future (e.g. 6G, 7G), smart
the development of communication technology in the
transportation by providing meshes in communication should be rearranged accordingly.
future (e.g.,… 6G, 7G and so on…, smart transportation by
providing meshes in communication ,
...
4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes
City residents and visitors require stable communication and high-speed and high traffic data
Deleted: Citizens…ity residents and city …isitors have
desired…equire stable communication,…and high-speed
transmission when they use transportation services. 5G communication can fulfil this demand, but the
and large…igh traffic data transmission when they use
service area is currently limited. Smart transportation services, by providing meshes, accelerate service
transportation services. 5G communication can realize
area expansion and assists customers in enhancing their access through such upgraded communication
it…ulfil this demand, but the service area is currently
services. In addition to the fundamental demands on communication and transportation business
limited. Smart transportation services, by providing
requirements, the following examples demonstrate the use of smart transportation services providing meshes accelerates the… accelerate service area
and assists customers in enhancing their city life and
meshes for 5G communication.
business activities…ccess through such upgraded
EXAMPLE 1 Automobiles operate on public roads autonomously by the availability of information on obstacles
communication services. Besides …n addition to the
and curren
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37184
First edition
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing
meshes for 5G communication
Mobilité et transport durable — Cadre pour les services de transport
en fournissant des mailles pour la communication 5G
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 37184:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . 1
4.1 Background . 1
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks . . 2
4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes . 2
4.4 Meeting the sustainable development goals (SDSs) . 3
5 Adoption of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Promotion of transportation services . 3
6 Security in transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication .3
6.1 Data transmission performance by transportation services . 3
6.2 Data transmission security for transportation services . 4
6.2.1 General . 4
6.2.2 Security procedure in transportation services . 5
6.2.3 Security on gateways to/from 5G backbone networks . 5
7 Personal privacy protection for transportation services by providing meshes for
5G communication . 6
8 Quality maintenance of transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Parameters to be monitored . 6
8.3 Modification of transportation services . 6
Bibliography . 7
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Introduction
5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication services, connecting multiple terminals and
devices such as PCs and smartphones. Non-electronic objects can also be involved in 5G communication,
when they are electronically recognized using methods such as QR-codes and face recognition by
converting their images into electronic data. Thus, no matter whether things are digitally processed/
processable or not, all items can be connected in 5G communication, which is characterized by high
speed, negligible delay and large capacity traffic in data transmission, assisted with edge computing.
In 5G communication, carrier waves in high-frequency ranges are used, where many frequency channels
had been vacant. However, high frequency waves are easily scattered by objects while propagating.
This shortcoming requires building many base stations to successfully receive and forward waves.
Transportation services are the most widely networked to connect people, delivery items and freight to
villages, towns, cities and large city zones with public roads, railroads and rivers or canals which have
transportation facilities, i.e. streetlamps, traffic signals, signboards, bus stops, railroad instruments,
stations, ports. Private and commercial vehicles are active wherever human activities are in place.
Transportation facilities and vehicles are, therefore, operative places to install nodes with a transceiver
for carrier waves. The facilities and vehicles statically or dynamically form local ad hoc networks of
meshes which can organically be overlapped with backbone networks of 5G communication. This
complements the current transportation services using 5G communication services, indirectly and
effectively.
This document outlines how transportation facilities and vehicles can contribute to transportation
services using 5G communication services by providing as many large and stable meshes as possible, as
a means to support the current 5G backbone networks.
In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing
sustainability issues.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37184:2023(E)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework
for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
1 Scope
This document provides:
— a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes;
— a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and
mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches;
— a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers;
— a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
4.1 Background
5G communication services are starting to become widespread worldwide to transmit more data by
increasing the number of carrier wave channels. Since 3G and 4G communication mainly uses low
frequency channels, most countries use high frequency ranges to adopt 5G communication by following
3GPP TS 38.104 V16.7.0. The frequency ranges used for 5G communication, which are normally 3,5 GHz
to 3,8 GHz, are higher compared to those for 3G and 4G communication. Owing to the short wavelengths
of the carrier waves in 5G communication, the waves can be easily scattered while propagating and
drastically attenuating. To gain wave signal amplitude or power for longer distance transmission and
expand the service coverage, more base stations should be built up, but they require sufficient power
supply and large premises for operation, which results in increased capital costs. As the service areas
remain limited due to such reasons, 5G communication has not yet become common worldwide.
As transportation systems already have dense and large networks, it is expected that transportation
infrastructures can be used as places to install small cells for mesh networking to enlarge 5G
communication coverage. Small cells, the size and weight of which are minimized, can be simply placed
at as many spots as possible to locally process communication signals. Such a small cell, called a mesh
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
node, forms a mesh. Meshes overlap with each other and generate mesh networks. Individual meshes
and mesh networks further overlap with the current backbone networks of 5G communication.
Wherever human activities take place, transportation is used. Every city has transportation vehicles
and facilities such as bus stops, rail stations, ports, airports, public roads, railroad tracks, transportation
operators’ buildings, service facilities and related commercial architecture, even if the transportation
operation and service scale depends on populations and population density, as noted in ISO 37154:2017,
5.2 to 6.2. Lampposts, traffic lights and signboards as well as electric and signalling poles are built
on public roads and railroad tracks and their entire networks extended in a city or a large city zone.
Thus, as mentioned earlier, transportation vehicles and facilities are good places to install mesh nodes.
Mesh nodes, which are characterized by small and light device scales and low power consumption,
are also low maintenance. A mesh node has a low coverage of about 150 m area in radius. However,
a number of meshes created by placing many mesh nodes forms large networks. Vehicles effectively
help in dynamically forming meshes by moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone has
high enough power to perform routing. Thus, walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh
formation as people with phones spread in a city.
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks
The number of meshes that are created with many mesh nodes placed in transportation facilities and
vehicles, can work to automatically route communication signals in and between meshes organically
overlapping each other. In the mesh networks, a signal wave launched from a mesh node runs by
hopping from node to node to find the shortest way to reach gateways to/from 5G backbone networks.
The communication services in the meshes and mesh networks are provided additionally and adaptably
to the current 5G communication services. Thus, the mesh communication does not negatively affect
the 5G communication technologies and services. The meshes should be adaptive and agile to realize
dynamic adjustment and optimization of network configuration efficiently.
Smart transportation by providing meshes are designated targeting a means to support the current
5G backbone network of contributing to transportation services using 5G communication services.
Predictably, with the development of communication technology in the future (e.g. 6G, 7G), smart
transportation by providing meshes in communication should be rearranged accordingly.
4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes
City residents and visitors require stable communication and high-speed and high tr
...