ISO/IEC 19757-8:2008

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19757-8
First edition
2008-12-15
Information technology — Document
Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) —
Part 8:
Document Semantics Renaming
Language (DSRL)
Technologies de l'information — Langages de définition de schéma de
documents (DSDL) —
Partie 8: Langage pour renommer une sémantique de documents
(DSRL)
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2008
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ii © ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv

Introduction. v

1 Scope. 1

2 Normative references. 1

3 Terms and definitions. 2

4 The role of the Document Semantics Renaming Language. 2

4.1 Namespace. 2

5 DSRL maps. 3

6 Mapping user-defined names to schema-defined names. 3
6.1 Reassigning element and attribute names. 3

6.2 Mapping attribute values. 5
6.3 Default attribute values. 6

6.4 Mapping element content. 6
6.5 Default content. 6

6.6 Renaming processing instruction targets. 7
6.7 Mapping entity references. 7

7 Declaring entities. 8
8 Conformance. 9
Annex A (normative) Validation of declarative document architectures. 10
A.1 RELAX NG XML Schema for Validating DSRL. 10
A.2 RELAX NG Compact Schema for Validating DSRL maps. 15
A.3 Schematron Rules for Validating DSRL. 16
Annex B (informative) Using DSRL to Transform Document Instances. 17

Bibliography . 20
© ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 19757-8 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing languages.
ISO/IEC 19757 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Document
Schema Definition Languages (DSDL):
— Part 1: Overview
— Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation — RELAX NG
— Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron
— Part 4: Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language (NVDL)
— Part 7: Character Repertoire Description Language (CRDL)
— Part 8: Document Semantics Renaming Language (DSRL)
— Part 9: Namespace and datatype declaration in Document Type Definitions (DTDs)

iv © ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved

Introduction
ISO/IEC 19757 defines a set of Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) that can be used to specify one or
more validation processes performed against Extensible Markup Language (XML) or Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML) documents. (XML is an application profile of SGML, ISO 8879:1986.)
A document model is an expression of the constraints to be placed on the structure and content of documents to be
validated with the model. A number of technologies have been developed through various formal and informal consortia
since the development of Document Type Definitions (DTDs) as part of ISO 8879, notably by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). A number
of validation technologies are standardized in DSDL to complement those already available as standards or from
industry.
To validate that a structured document conforms to specified constraints in structure and content relieves the potentially
many applications acting on the document from having to duplicate the task of confirming that such requirements
have been met. Historically, such tasks and expressions have been developed and utilized in isolation, without
consideration for how the features and functionality available in other technologies might enhance validation objectives.
The primary objective of ISO/IEC 19757 is to bring together different validation-related tasks and expressions to form
a single extensible framework that allows technologies to work in series or in parallel to produce a single or a set of
validation results. The extensibility of DSDL accommodates validation technologies not yet designed or specified.
In the past, different design and use criteria have led users to choose different validation technologies for different
portions of their information. Bringing together information within a single XML document sometimes prevents existing
document models from being used to validate sections of data. By providing an integrated suite of constraint description
languages that can be applied to different subsets of a single XML document, ISO/IEC 19757 allows different validation
technologies to be integrated under a well-defined validation policy.
ISO/IEC 19757 integrates constraint description technologies into a suite that
— provides user control of names, order and repeatability of information objects (elements),
— allows users to identify restrictions on the co-concurrence of elements and/or element contents,
— allows specific subsets of structured documents to be validated,
— allows restrictions to be placed on the contents of specific elements, including restrictions based on the content
of other elements in the same document,
— allows the character set that can be used within specific elements to be managed, based on the application of
the ISO/IEC 10646 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS),
— allows default values to be assigned to element content and attribute values,
— allows SGML to be used to declare document structure constraints that extend DTDs to include functions such
as namespace-controlled validation and datatypes.
© ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19757-8:2008(E)

Information technology — Document Schema Definition
Languages (DSDL) —
Part 8:
Document Semantics Renaming Language (DSRL)
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 19757 specifies a mechanism that allows users to assign locally meaningful names to
XML elements, attributes, entities and processing instructions, without having to completely rewrite the DTD or
schema against which they are to be validated. In addition, this part of ISO/IEC 19757 provides an XML-based
format for declaring the replacement text for entity references and provides a mechanism that allows users to
define default values for both element content and attribute values.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Each of the following documents that is not an International Standard has a unique identifier that is used to
cite the document in the text. The unique identifier consists of the part of the reference up to the first comma.
IRI, IETF RFC 3987, Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs), Internet Standards Track Specification,
January 2005, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003, Information technology — Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) — Part 2:
Regular-grammar-based validation — RELAX NG
ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003/Amd.1:2006, Information technology — Document Schema Definition Language
(DSDL) — Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation — RELAX NG — Amendment 1: Compact Syntax
ISO/IEC 19757-3:2006, Information technology — Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 3:
Rule-based validation — Schematron
ISO 8879:1986, Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML)
XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition), W3C Recommendation, 16 August 2006,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816
XML-Infoset, XML Information Set (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 4 February 2004,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204
XML-Names, Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 16 August 2006,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816
XML Schema, XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition, W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/
XSD, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/
XSLT 2.0, XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0, W3C Recommendation, 23 January 2007,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-xslt20-20070123/
© ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved 1

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19757-2, ISO/IEC 19757-3
and the following apply.
3.1
DSRL map
set of rules that is used to map a document instance to a document model defined by one or more schemas

3.2
entity
ISO 8879:1986 general entity that can be referenced using an XML entity reference

3.3
entity node
node in a Document Object Model that identifies an entity and, where appropriate, contains details of its replacement
text
3.4
IRI
Internationalized Resource Identifiers as defined in IETF RFC 3987
3.5
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language defined in ISO 8879:1986
4 The role of the Document Semantics Renaming Language
The
...