ISO/IEC 16969:1999

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 16969
First edition
1999-10-01
Information technology — Data interchange
on 120 mm optical disk cartridges
using +RW format — Capacity: 3,0 Gbytes
and 6,0 Gbytes
Technologies de l'information — Échange de données sur cartouches
de disque optique de 120 mm utilisant le format +RW — Capacité: 3,0
Gbytes et 6,0 Gbytes
Reference number
©
ISO 1999
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© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword viii
1. Scope 1
2. Conformance 1
2.1. Optical Disk 1
2.2. Generating system 1
2.3. Receiving system 1
2.4. Compatibility statement 1
3. Normative reference 1
4. Definitions 2
5. Conventions and notations 3
5.1. Representation of numbers 3
5.2. Names 3
6. List of acronyms 4
7. General description of the optical disk 4
8. General Requirements 5
8.1. Environments 5
8.1.1. Test environment 5
8.1.2. Operating environment 5
8.1.3. Storage environment 6
8.1.4. Transportation 6
8.2. Safety requirements 6
8.3. Flammability 6
9. Reference Drive 6
9.1. Optical system 6
9.2. Optical beam 7
9.3. Read channel 1 7
9.4. Disk clamping 8
9.5. Rotation of the disk 8
9.6. Tracking channel (Read channel 2) 8
9.6.1. Normalized servo transfer function 8
9.6.2. Reference Servo for Axial Tracking 9
9.6.3. Reference Servo for Radial Tracking 10
10. Dimensional characteristics 11
10.1. Reference Planes 11
10.2. Overall dimensions 11
10.3. First transition area 12
10.4. Second transition area 12
10.5. Clamping Zone 12
10.6. Third transition area 12
10.7. Information Zone 13
10.8. Rim area 13
10.9. Remark on tolerances 13
11. Mechanical characteristics 14
11.1. Mass 14
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved iii

11.2. Moment of inertia 14
11.3. Dynamic imbalance 14
11.4. Axial runout 15
11.5. Radial runout 15
12. Optical characteristics 15
12.1. Index of refraction 15
12.2. Thickness of the substrate 15
12.3. Reflectivity 16
12.4. Birefringence 16
12.5. Angular deviation 16
13. Data format 17
13.1. Data Frames 17
13.1.1. Identification Data (ID) 18
13.1.2. ID Error Detection Code (IED) 19
13.1.3. RSV 19
13.1.4. Error Detection Code (EDC) 19
13.2. Scrambled Frames 19
13.3. ECC Blocks 20
13.4. Recording Frames 22
13.5. Modulation and NRZI conversion 22
13.6. Physical Sectors 23
13.7. Layout of a Recording Unit Block (RUB) 24
13.7.1. Sync Frames used for linking 24
13.7.2. Start Position Shift (SPS) 25
13.7.3. Recording Unit Block position 25
13.8. d.c. component suppression control 26
14. Track format 26
14.1. Track shape 26
14.2. Track path 27
14.3. Track pitch 27
14.4. Track number 27
14.5. Track layout 27
14.5.1. Segment layout 28
14.5.2. AFCMs 29
15. General description of the Information Zone 31
16. Layout of the Information Zone 31
16.1. Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs) 32
17. Lead-in Zone 33
17.1. Initial Zone 34
17.2. Reference Code Zone 34
17.3. Buffer Zone 1 34
17.4. Control Data Zone 35
17.4.1. Physical format information 35
17.4.2. Disk manufacturing information 39
17.4.3. Content provider information 39
17.5. Buffer Zone 2 39
17.6. Connection Zone 39
17.7. Guard Zone 1 40
17.8. Inner Disk Test Zone 40
17.9. Inner Drive Test Zone 40
17.10. Guard Zone 2 40
17.11. DMA Zone 1 40
17.12. Inner Disk Identification Zone 40
17.13. DMA Zone 2 40
18. Data Zone 40
iv © ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved

19. Lead-out Zone 40
19.1. DMA Zone 3 41
19.2. Outer Disk Identification Zone 41
19.3. DMA Zone 4 41
19.4. Guard Zone 3 41
19.5. Outer Drive Test Zone 41
19.6. Outer Disk Test Zone 41
19.7. Guard Zone 4 41
20. The use of the Defect Management Areas 41
20.1. Defect Management Areas 42
20.2. Primary Defect List (PDL) 42
20.3. Secondary Defect List (SDL) 43
20.4. Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs) 45
20.5. Slipping and Linear Replacement algorithms and requirements 45
21. Disk Control ECC Blocks (DCBs) 45
21.1. Format of Disk Control ECC Blocks 45
22. General 47
23. Method of testing 47
23.1. Environment 47
23.2. Reference Drive 47
23.2.1. Optics and mechanics 47
23.2.2. Read power 47
23.2.3. Read channels 47
23.2.4. Tracking 47
23.3. Definition of signals 47
24. Characteristics of the groove signals 48
24.1. Push-pull signal 48
24.2. Track Cross signal 48
24.3. Phase depth 48
24.4. Normalized wobble signal 49
24.5. Characteristics of the wobble 49
24.6. Characteristics of the Alternating Fine Clock Marks (AFCM) 49
25. Method of testing 49
25.1. Environment 49
25.2. Reference Drive 49
25.2.1. Optics and mechanics 49
25.2.2. Read power 49
25.2.3. Read channels 49
25.2.4. Tracking 50
25.2.5. Scanning velocity 50
25.3. Write conditions for Rewritable area 50
25.3.1. Write pulse waveform 50
25.3.2. Write power 50
25.3.3. Measurement conditions 50
25.4. Jitter 50
25.5. Channel bit length 51
25.6. Phase depth 51
25.7. Definition of signals 51
25.7.1. High frequency signals (HF) 51
25.7.2. Modulated amplitude 51
25.7.3. Reflectivity-modulation product 51
25.7.4. Signal asymmetry 52
25.7.5. Push-pull signal 52
25.7.6. Track Cross signal 52
25.7.7. Differential phase tracking error signal 52
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved v

26. Method of testing 53
26.1. Environment 53
26.2. Reference Drive 54
26.2.1. Optics and mechanics 54
26.2.2. Read power 54
26.2.3. Read channels 54
26.2.4. Error correction 54
26.2.5. Tracking 54
27. Minimum quality of a Recording Unit Block 54
27.1. User-written data 54
27.2. Embossed data 54
28. Data interchange requirements 54
28.1. Tracking 54
28.2. User-written data 54
28.3. Quality of disk 55
Annex A 56
(normative) 56
Measurement of light reflectivity 56
A.1 Calibration method 56
A.2 Measuring method 57
Annex B 58
(normative) 58
Measurement of birefringence 58
B.1 Principle of the measurement 58
B.2 Measurements conditions 59
B.3 Example of a measurement set-up 59
Annex C 57
(normative) 60
Measuring conditions for operation signal 60
C.1 System diagram for jitter measurement and determination of the
characteristics of user data 60
C.2 Open loop transfer function for PLL 61
C.3 Slicer 61
C.4 Conditions for measurement 61
C.5 Measurement 62
Annex D 63
(normative) 63
Measurement of the differential phase tracking error 63
D.1 Measuring method for the differential phase tracking error 63
D.2 Measurement of ����t /T without time interval analyzer 63
vi © ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved

Annex E 65
(normative) 65
The write pulse wave form for testing 65
Annex F 67
(normative) 67
8-to-16 Modulation 67
Annex G 75
(normative) 75
Optimum Power Control 75
G.1 Optimum recording power 75
G.2 OPC procedure for media testing 76
Annex H 77
(normative) 77
Logical to Physical address translation 77
Annex J 79
(normative) 79
Recording Unit Block positioning 79
J.1 Variations in start position 79
J.2 Example calculation 79
Annex K 80
(informative) 80
Transportation 80
K.1 General 80
K.2 Packaging 80
K.2.1 Temperature and humidity 80
K.2.2 Impact loads and vibrations 80
Annex L 81
(informative) 81
Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude 81
L.1 Relation between normalized wobble signal and wobble amplitude 81
L.2 Tolerances of the normalized wobble signal and the AFCM signal 81
Annex M 83
(informative) 83
ADIP Encoding Process 83
Annex N 84
(informative) 84
Values to be Implemented in Existing and Future Specifications 84
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved vii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
This International Standard was prepared by ECMA (as ECMA-274) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track
procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval by
national bodies of ISO and IEC.
Annexes A to J form an integral part of this International Standard, annexes K to N are for information only.
.
viii © ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16969:1999(E)
Information technology - Data interchange on 120 mm optical disk cartridges using
+RW format - Capacity: 3,0 Gbytes and 6,0 Gbytes
Section 1 - General
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm
rewritable optical disks with capacities of 3,0 Gbytes and 6,0 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded and
unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange
by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the phase change
method. These disks are identified as +RW.
This International Standard specifies
� two related but different Types of this disk (see clause 7),
� the conditions for conformance,
� the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored,
� the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange
between data processing systems,
� the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error
correcting codes and the coding method,
� the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the data
from the disk.
This International Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a
standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical Disk
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk shall
be in conformance with this International Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for its Type.
2.2 Generating system
A generating system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is in
accordance with 2.1.
2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle both Types of
optical disk according to 2.1.
2.4 Compatibility statement
A claim of conformance by a Generating or Receiving system with this International Standard shall include a
statement listing any other ECMA and International Standards supported. This statement shall specify the numbers
of the standards, the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether support includes reading only or
both reading and writing.
3 Normative reference
The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitutes provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved 1

possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60950:1999, Safety of information technology equipment.
4 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard the following definitions apply.
4.1 Alternating Fine Clock Mark (AFCM): A single cycle deviation of the track from the average track
centreline which is recorded periodically.
4.2 Channel bit: The elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and
spaces on the disk.
4.3 Clamping Zone: The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping
device.
4.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV): The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value
1to bits settoONEandthedecimalvalue-1to bits settoZERO.
4.5 Disk Reference Plane: A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto
which the clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.6 dummy substrate: A layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the
disk, and in some cases, of the recording layer as well.
4.7 entrance surface: The surface of the disk onto which the opti
...