ISO 10160:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10160
Third edition
2015-05-01
Information and documentation —
Open Systems Interconnection —
Interlibrary Loan Application Service
Definition
Information et documentation — Interconnexion de systèmes ouverts
(OSI) — Définition du service d’application pour les prêts entre
bibliothèques
Reference number
ISO 10160:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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ISO 10160:2015(E)

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© ISO 2015
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ISO 10160:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Reference model definitions . 1
3.2 Application Layer structure definitions . 2
3.3 Service conventions definitions . 3
3.4 ILL definitions . 3
4 Abbreviations. 5
5 Conventions . 5
6 Service model . 5
6.1 Service-user and service-provider . 5
6.1.1 Roles of the service-user . 6
6.2 ILL-transaction. 6
6.3 ILL-transaction types and topologies . 7
6.3.1 Simple ILL-transaction . 7
6.3.2 Chained ILL-transaction . 7
6.3.3 Partitioned ILL-transaction . 8
6.3.4 Distinct ILL-transactions .10
6.3.5 Forwarding . .11
6.3.6 Referrals .11
6.3.7 Retries .11
6.4 ILL-transaction state .13
6.4.1 Requester-state .14
6.4.2 Responder state .15
6.4.3 Terminal states .15
6.4.4 Intermediary states .16
6.4.5 ILL-transaction phases .16
7 Definition of services .17
7.1 Service features .17
7.1.1 General.17
7.1.2 ILL Requests .17
7.1.3 Request Forwarding .17
7.1.4 Forwarding Notification .18
7.1.5 Shipment .18
7.1.6 ILL Answer .18
7.1.7 Conditional Reply .18
7.1.8 Cancellation .18
7.1.9 Cancellation Reply .19
7.1.10 Receipt .19
7.1.11 Recall .19
7.1.12 Return . .19
7.1.13 Check-in .19
7.1.14 Overdue .19
7.1.15 Renewal .19
7.1.16 Renew Answer .19
7.1.17 Lost Notification .19
7.1.18 Damaged Notification .19
7.1.19 Message.19
7.1.20 Status Query . .20
7.1.21 Status-or-Error Report .20
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ISO 10160:2015(E)

7.1.22 Expiry .20
7.2 Specification method and notation .20
7.3 ILL services .21
7.3.1 ILL-REQUEST service .22
7.3.2 FORWARD Service .28
7.3.3 FORWARD-NOTIFICATION Service .29
7.3.4 SHIPPED Service .31
7.3.5 ILL-ANSWER Service .33
7.3.6 CONDITIONAL-REPLY Service.36
7.3.7 CANCEL Service .37
7.3.8 CANCEL-REPLY Service .38
7.3.9 RECEIVED Service.39
7.3.10 RECALL Service .40
7.3.11 RETURNED Service .41
7.3.12 CHECKED-IN Service .42
7.3.13 OVERDUE Service .43
7.3.14 RENEW Service .44
7.3.15 RENEW-ANSWER Service .45
7.3.16 LOST Service .46
7.3.17 DAMAGED Service .47
7.3.18 MESSAGE Service.48
7.3.19 STATUS-QUERY Service .48
7.3.20 STATUS-OR-ERROR-REPORT Service .49
7.3.21 EXPIRY Service .52
8 Sequences of Primitives .53
8.1 Resilience to Lost and Out-of-Sequence Messages .53
8.1.1 Lost Messages .53
8.1.2 Out-of-Sequence Messages.53
8.2 State Transitions .53
8.3 Additional Sequencing Rules .63
Annex A (informative) Time sequence diagrams .66
Annex B (informative) ILL service and document delivery .73
Bibliography .75
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ISO 10160:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10160:1997) of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 10160:1997/Amd 1:2002.
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ISO 10160:2015(E)

Introduction
The purpose of the Interlibrary Loan (ILL) standard is to provide a set of Application Layer services
which can be used by libraries to perform loan-related activities in an Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) environment, as defined by ISO 7498.
The goal of Opens Systems Interconnection is to allow, with a minimum of technical agreement outside
the interconnection standards, the interconnection of information processing systems:
— from different manufacturers;
— under different managements;
— of different levels of complexity; and
— of different technologies.
The ILL service provides capabilities to request the loan of returnable bibliographic items, such as books,
or to request non-returnable items, such as photocopies of journal articles. Related procedures, such as
loan renewal, item recall, overdue notification, etc. are also supported by this service.
The purpose of the service definition is to define the communications aspects of ILL processing in terms
of a set of services provided to a user by an application-service-element (ASE). Performing an ILL-
transaction involves a user invoking the services in the prescribed order.
The focus of ILL activity is the bibliographic item, which may be a book, periodical, journal article,
microform, etc. The ILL application is concerned with procedures relating to the loan of these items
between libraries or to the interchange of copies thereof.
This service definition strives to satisfy a number of objectives, including:
— Control of ILL-transactions. The services must provide a means of controlling the ILL-transaction
in terms of constraining allowable actions, exchanging information, tracking a borrowed item, and
synchronizing the activity of the two or more sites involved in the ILL-transaction.
— Interworking of various systems. The ILL activity will continue to be performed using a combination
of manual and automated systems. The ILL service and protocol must recognize this fact and allow
systems with varying degrees of automation to be able to interwork, i.e. communicate with each
other in a meaningful way.
— Minimizing the costs of ILL-transactions. The costs associated with an ILL-transaction include
both operator costs and communications costs. An ILL protocol should attempt to minimize the
costs incurred by implementations conforming to the protocol. This can be done by minimizing the
operator intervention required by the protocol implementation, and by minimizing the number of
messages sent between the sites involved in an ILL-transaction.
— Reflection of current ILL practices. The purpose of defining a protocol is not to introduce a new
method for performing an ILL-transaction, but rather to formalize current practices in a way
that allows existing systems to communicate with each other in a standardized way, as well as to
allow newer automated systems to take full advantage of the protocol’s potential. However, it is
recognized that this International Standard may not be universally applicable to all existing ILL
systems without some modification, due to the wide variation in their capabilities.
There is an inherent trade off in any attempt to reconcile these divergent objectives. For example,
minimizing ILL-transaction costs may result in some loss of control over the ILL-transaction. Reducing
the number of messages sent lowers the telecommunications cost and also lowers the operator costs as
there is less need for the operator to initiate and control the communications operations. However, by
reducing the total number of messages, some level of information regarding the ILL-transaction is lost
as is the co-ordination between the requesting and responding libraries. By reducing the total number
of stages through which an ILL-transaction must go (i.e. states), the operator interface of an automated
system can be made simpler, with an associated reduction in requisite demands on the operator.
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ISO 10160:2015(E)

The approach taken in this International Standard is to set the mandatory requirements that all open
systems must support in order to achieve an acceptable degree of coordination between automated
parties to an ILL-transaction. Additional optional features are defined which allow implementors to
achieve a greater degree of control if it is desired.
NOTE The mandatory requirements of this International Standard might however exceed the capabilities
and/or needs of some existing manual or semi-automated ILL systems.
This International Standard is one of a number of related standards supporting the interconnection
of library systems. These standards can be used by themselves or in a cooperative manner to support
library applications requiring a mixture of communications services. For example, ISO 10163, which
supports remote access to bibliographic databases, could be used in conjunction with the ILL protocol
to obtain item identification information. The control and management of interactions among such
bibliographic applications are outside the scope of this International Standard.
Security and accounting issues as they relate to ILL operations are for further study.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10160:2015(E)
Information and documentation — Open Systems
Interconnection — Interlibrary Loan Application Service
Definition
1 Scope
This International Standard is an Application Layer standard within the Open Systems Interconnection
framework defined by ISO 7498.
This International Standard defines the services for Interlibrary Loan. These services are provided by
the use of the ILL protocol in conjunction with the supporting telecommunications service which might
be a store-and-forward messaging service, such as that provided by the MOTIS Standard, ISO/IEC 10021-
4; or a direct connection-mode service using ISO 8822 and ISO 8649.
This International Standard does not specify individual implementations or products, nor does it
constrain the implementation of entities and interfaces within a computer system. Computer systems
might range from stand-alone workstations to mainframes.
This International Standard is intended for use by libraries, information utilities such as union catalogue
centres, and any other system which processes bibliographic information. These systems might
participate in an interlibrary loan transaction in the role of requester (i.e. an initiator of ILL requests),
responder (i.e. a provider of bibliographic material or information) and/or intermediary (i.e. an agent
that acts on behalf of a requester to find suitable responders).
Various interworking topologies are supported, ranging from simple two-party interactions to multi-
party interactions.
There is no requirement for conformance to this International Standard. Conformance is required only
for the ILL protocol specification.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10026-1, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Distributed Transaction
Processing — Part 1: OSI TP Model
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
1)
3.1 Reference model definitions
3.1.1
application-entry
aspects of an application-process pertinent to OSI
1) This International Standard is based on the concepts developed in ISO 7498 (all parts) and makes use of the
following terms found in it. These terms are replicated here as a convenience to the reader.
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3.1.2
Application Layer
seventh and highest layer in the Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), which serves
as the window between correspondent application-processes which are using the OSI to exchange
meaningful information
3.1.3
application-protocol-data-unit
unit of data specified in an application-protocol and consisting of application-protocol-information and
possibly application-user-data
3.1.4
application-service-element
that part of an application-entity which provides an OSI environment capability, using underlying
services when appropriate
3.1.5
(N)-service
capability of the (N)-layer and the layers beneath it, which is provided to (N+1)-entities at the boundary
between the (N)-layer and the (N+1)-layer
Note 1 to entry: An application-service does not provide a capability to higher layer entities, but rather to
application-processes.
3.1.6
presentation-service
capability of the Presentation Layer and the layers beneath it, which is provided to application-entities
at the boundary between the Presentation and the Application Layer (3.1.2)
2)
3.2 Application Layer structure definitions
3.2.1
application-association
cooperative relationship between two application-entity-invocations (3.2.4) for the purpose of
communication of information and coordination of their joint operation. This relationship is formed by
the exchange of application-protocol-control-information using the Presentation Service
3.2.2
application-context
set of rules shared in common by two application-entity-invocations (3.2.4) governing their behaviour in
order to enable their cooperative operation
Note 1 to entry: An application-context is a shared conceptual schema for the universe of discourse for
communication.
3.2.3
application-context-definition
description of an application-context (3.2.2)
3.2.4
application-entity-invocation
specific utilization of part or all of the capabilities of a given application-entity in support of the
communications requirements of an application-process-invocation (3.2.5)
3.2.5
application-process-invocation
specific utilization of part or all of the capabilities of a given application-process in support of a specific
occasion of information processing
2) This International Standard makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 9545.
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3)
3.3 S
...