ISO/IEC 19566-6:2019

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19566-6
First edition
2019-07
Information technologies — JPEG
systems —
Part 6:
JPEG 360
Technologies de l'information — Systèmes JPEG JPEG 360 —
Partie 6: JPEG 360
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Conventions . 2
4.1 Conformance language . 2
4.2 Typesetting . 3
5 Description and definition of JPEG 360 images. 3
5.1 Relative orientation . 5
5.2 File position for the 360 image codestream . 7
5.3 Viewport representation . 8
5.4 Basic set of general 360 image parameters .10
6 Structuring of JPEG 360 Metadata .10
6.1 General .10
6.2 Definition of JPEG 360 Content Type boxes .11
Annex A (normative) JPEG 360 Content Type JUMBF box.12
Annex B (normative) XML box for JPEG 360 .14
Bibliography .25
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
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take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/
or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents) or the IEC list of patent
declarations received (see http: //patents .iec .ch).
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constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 19566 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The ISO/IEC 19566 series is designed primarily for format and metadata storage and protection method
of compressed continuous-tone photographic content.
There is increasing use of multi-sensor images from multiple image sensor devices, such as 360 degree
capturing cameras or dual-camera smartphones available to consumers. Images from these cameras
are shown on computers, smartphones, and head-mounted displays (HMD).
Because existing JPEG standards do not fully cover these new uses, incompatibilities have reduced the
interoperability of these images, and thus reducing the widespread ubiquity which consumers have
come to expect when using JPEG-based images.
Additionally, new modalities for interacting with images, such as computer-based augmentation,
face-tagging, and object classification require support for metadata that was not part of the original
JPEG scope.
This document defines “JPEG 360”, building upon the features of JPEG Universal Metadata Box Format
(JUMBF) (see ISO/IEC 19566-5) which itself builds upon ISO/IEC 18477-3 (Box file format) which
provides compatibility with ISO/IEC 10918-5 (JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)).
This document defines the use of the JPEG 360 Content Type JUMBF superbox with respect to the sub-
box components which include the definition of an XML box, the use of other boxes such as unstitched
image elements for omnidirectional captures together with the main image and descriptive metadata,
and encrypted parts of the image.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19566-6:2019(E)
Information technologies — JPEG systems —
Part 6:
JPEG 360
1 Scope
This document specifies omnidirectional/360-degree image and motion contents using Rec.
ITU-T T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1, Rec. ITU-T T.800 (11/2015) | ISO/IEC 15444-1, and ISO/IEC 18477-3.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19566-5, Information technology — JPEG Systems — Part 5: JPEG Universal Metadata Box
Format (JUMBF)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
box
binary structure that encapsulates an object embedded in a file
3.1.2
box-based file format
file format whose composing elements are boxes containing structured data in compliance with ISO-
based media file format
3.1.3
deserialization
extraction of data structure from a series of bytes
3.1.4
equirectangular projection
projection for mapping a portion of the surface of a sphere to a flat image
3.1.6
metadata
data that describes other data, including text, image, hypertext and combinations thereof
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved 1

3.1.7
omnidirectional
(sub)spherical surface of an image of a scene as if observed from a single point of projection.
3.1.8
serialization
translation of data structures into a series of bytes that can be stored and/or transmitted
3.2 Abbreviated terms
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
DCT discrete cosine transform
ERP equirectangular projection
FOV field of view
JSON JavaScript object notation
JPEG joint photographic experts group
JUMBF JPEG universal metadata box format
MIME multipurpose internet mail extensions
URL uniform resource locator
XML eXtensible Markup Language
XMP eXtensible Metadata Platform
RDF resource description framework
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
umf universal metadata framework
4 Conventions
4.1 Conformance language
In this document, the following verbal forms are used:
— “shall” indicates a requirement;
— “should” indicates a recommendation;
— “may” indicates a permission;
— “can” indicates a possibility or a capability.
Information marked as “NOTE” is intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. “Notes
to entry” used in Clause 3 provide additional information that supplements the terminological data and
can contain provisions relating to the use of a term.
The keyword "reserved" indicates a provision that is not specified at this time, shall not be used, and
may be specified in the future. The keyword "forbidden" indicates "reserved" and in addition indicates
that the provision will never be specified in the future.
2 © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

4.2 Typesetting
Regular face fonts as this text describe informative text that provides instructions, comments or details
for the reader.
Monospaced text as this paragraph indicates program input or output as necessary to either
run the software, or as generated by the software on the console.
NOTE The character values of the monospaced text in this document could differ the actual value due to
differences in the character encodings used; e.g., IS0 8859 vs UTF-8.
5 Description and definition of JPEG 360 images
The equirectangular projection is a commonly used projection of omnidirectional cameras to a two-
dimensional rectangular image and is the default image projection for JPEG 360.
The equirectangular projection maps the image onto a spherical surface from a single projection point
at the centre of the sphere. The surface of the sphere is described by two angular measures as shown
in Figure 1; for convenience, a unit sphere is assumed. The centre of the sphere is coincident with the
origin of the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. A point on the surface of the sphere is defined by
the two angles ϕ and θ, which are also referred to as “longitude” and “latitude” respectively.
Key
a
origin of 360 image (θ = ϕ = 0)
b
direction of increasing ϕ
c
direction of increasing θ
Figure 1 — Spherical and Cartesian coordinates
In Cartesian coordinates, the points on the sphere are defined as follows:
— x = cosϕ · cosθ
— y = sinϕ · sinθ
— z = sinθ
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved 3

For an equirectangular projection the sphere’s surface, expressed in terms of the angles ϕ and θ, can be
mapped to a two-dimensional Cartesian surface. For example, in Figure 2 which includes the mapping
for several lines of constant longitude or constant latitude.
Key
a
prime meridian (commonly at ϕ = 0)
b
equator (typically at θ = 0)
c
origin of 360 image (θ = ϕ = 0)
d
span of ϕ (commonly −180° to 180°)
e
span of θ (commonly −90° to 90°)
Figure 2 — Descri
...