ISO 2415:1973

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION *MEXAYHAPOAHAR OPrAHHJAUHR II0 CTAHflAPTM3AUHH.ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
1 Shackles - General characteristics
First edition - 1973-09-01
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w UDC 672.611 : 621.86.06 Ref. No. IS0 2415-1973 (E)
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? Descriptors : chains, accessories, shackles, characteristics, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, proof loads, vocabulary.
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Price based on 7 pages

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FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
of national standards institutes (IS0 Member Bodies). The work of developing
International Standards is carried out through IS0 Technical Committees. Every
Member Body interested in a subject for which a Technical Committee has been set
up has the right to be represented on that Committee. International organizations,
governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated
to the Member Bodies for approval before their acceptance as International
Standards by the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 2415 was drawn UD by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 11 1, Round steel link chains, chain wheels, lifting hooks and accessories,
and circulated to the Member Bodies in August 1971.
It has been approved by the Member Bodies of the following countries :
Austria I re land South Africa, Rep. of
Canada Italy Sweden
Egypt, Arab Rep. of Netherlands Thailand
France New Zealand Turkey
India Romania United Kingdom
The Member Bodies of the following countries expressed disapproval of the
document on technical grounds :
Austr a I ia
Belgium
Japan
U.S.A.
O International Organization for Standardization, 1973 0
Printed in Switzerland

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IS0 2415-1973 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Shackles - General characteristics
O INTRODUCTION 3.2 body : One of the two parts of the shackle, consisting
a bar of circular section bent through 180' terminating
of
The characteristics described in this International Standard
in coaxial eyes.
are applicable to shackles of any form or dimension. Other
International Standards have been prepared for shackles of
3.3 crown : The bent part of the shackle body.
particular forms and dimensions.' )
Lifting tackle is made in more than one type of material. 3.4 eyes: Bosses on the end of the body, pierced by
The variations of the material impart variations of mechanical coaxial holes through which the pin passes.
characteristics. A shackle having the same working load
as another may have smaller body and pin diameters, owing
3.5 pin : A straight bar of circular section which closes the
to the greater strength which results from the material
shackle body, arranged so as to be secure when in position
used and its subsequent treatment, especially heat treatment.
and readily demountable. (See Figure 2.)
In order to give an indication as to the grade of chain
hook, shackle, etc. relative to others, a system of grade
3.6 dee-shackle : A shackle whose crown forms a
letters has been adopted using those characters which are
semicircle of internal radius half the width (w) between the
least liable to confusion with others if partially abraded by
eyes. (See Figure 1.)
wear. In this International Standard four grades have
been adopted, lettered L, M, P and S in increasing order
3.7 bow shackle: A shackle whose crown forms more
of strength.
than a semicircle, of internal radius more than half the
width (W between the eyes. (See Figure 1.)
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
3.8 breaking load (F,) : The maximum load which the
This International Standard defines the general
shackle withstands during the course of a tensile test to
characteristics of shackles and provides information on
destruct ion.
proof loading and certification.
3.9 proof load (Fe) : The force applied in a static tensile
k-
test which the shackle must sustain without showing
2 REFERENCES
permanent deformation or other visible defects.
IS0 261, IS0 General purpose metric screw threads -
General pian.
3.10 lifting capacity; working load limit (C,) : The
is authorised to support
maximum mass which the shackle
IS0 263, IS0 inch screw threads - General plan and
in general service, when its axis of traction is vertical.
selection for screws, bolts and nuts (diameter range 0.06 to
6 in).
3.1 1 working load : The maximum mass which the shackle
ISO/R 643, Micrographic determination of the austenitic
is authorised to support in a particular stated service, when
grain size of steels.
its axis of traction is vertical.
4 LIFTING CAPACITY AND BASIC DESIGN LOADS
3 DEFINITIONS
4.1 Lifting capacities (C,)
For the purpose of this International Standard the
The lifting capacities are expressed in tonnes; they follow
following definitions apply. See also Figures 1 and 2.
the R 10 series of preferred numbers (see Table 1). Above
100 tonnes, lifting capacities follow the R 20 series, but
3.1 shackle : An assembly accessory formed of two readily with a preference for the R 10 terms. However, it has not
separable parts, the body and the pin.
been considered necessary to tabulate these values.
IS0 2731, Dee-shackles, and IS0 2791, Bow-shackles.
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IS0 2415-1973 (E)
4.2 Basic design loads
6 MATERIAL
The basic design loads of shackles are equal to the proof
6.1 Grades L, M and P
loads. Proof loads are expressed in kilonewtons and are
given in Table 1, for each standard lifting capacity.
The steel shall be produced by the open hearth process, the
electrical process, or by an oxygen top-blown process.
4.3 Minimum breaking load (F,)
In its finished state, as supplied to the shackle maker, it
shall meet the following requirements as determined by a
The minimum breaking load of a shackle, for each standard
cast or check analysis on the bar or on the finished shackle
lifting capacity, is given in Table 1.
(see also 8.2).
TABLE 1
It shall be fully killed, shall be suitable for forging and shall
be capable of being heat treated to obtain the mechanical
properties required by the relevant International Standards.
Proof Minimum
load breaking load
The proportions of sulphur and phosphorus should be
Fe Fm
limited as follows :
tonnes kN kN
Cast analysis Check analysis
20 40
1 Maximum sulphur : 0,045 % 0,050 %
Maximum phosphorus : 0,040 % 0,045 %
50
1.25 25
63
32
1.6
The steel shall be made in conformity with a suitable
2 40 80
deoxidation practice in order to obtain an austenitic grain
size of 5 or finer when tested in accordance with
50 1 O0
2.5
ISO/R 643. This could be accomplished, for example, by
3.1 5 63 125
ensuring that it contains sufficient aluminium or equivalent
4 80 160
element to permit the manufacture of shackles stabilized
A minimum of 0.02 % of
5 100 200 against strain-age embrittlement.
metallic aluminium is quoted for guidance.
125
250
6,s
160
8 320
Within the above limitations, it is the responsibility of the
10 200 shackle maker to select the steel so that the finished
400
shackle, suitably heat treated, meets the mechanical
12.5 250 500
properties required by the relevant International Standards.
16 31 5 630
20 400 800
6.2 Grade S
500 1 000
25
31.5 630 1 250
The steel shall be produced by the open hearth process, the
electrical process, or by an oxygen top-blown process.
40 800 1600
1 O00 2 O00
50
In its finished state, as supplied to the shackle maker, it
1 250 2 500 shall meet the following requirements as determined by a
63
cast or check analysis on the bar or on the finished shackle.
1 600 3 200
80
It shall be fully killed, shall be suitable for forging and shall
NOTE - This Table is not in accordance with the IL0 Recornmen-
contain alloying elements in sufficient quantities to
dation; see annex C.
guarantee, after appropriate heat treatment, the mechanical
properties of the shackle.
For example the steel for Grade S shackles should contain
at least one of the following elements :
nickel
5 TYPES OF SHACKLE PIN chromium
or their equivalent
molybdenum
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boron J
The shackle pins illustrated in Figure 2 are typical only and
other suitable shapes are acceptable. The dimensions are
Neither manganese nor silicon should be considered in this
based on the shackle dimensions. context as alloying elements.
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IS0 2415-1973 (E)
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Dee-shackle Bow shackle
FIGURE 1 - Forms of shackle
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Countersunk with slotted head
c
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W + 2 d + 0.8 O
L
W+2d
,
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Screwed with eye and collar
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Lo-- Q
c
...