ISO/IEC PRF 23090-23

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2025-10-11-27
Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media
— —
Part 23:
Conformance and reference software for MPEG immersive video
Technologies de l'information — Représentation codée de média immersifs —
Partie 23: Conformité et logiciels de référence pour la vidéo immersive MPEG
FDIS stage
© ISO/IEC 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
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© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Conventions . 2
6 Conformance testing . 2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 Bitstream conformance . 2
6.3 Decoder conformance . 2
6.4 Reference bitstreams . 3
6.5 Procedure to test bitstreams . 4
6.6 Procedure to test decoders . 4
7 Reference software . 5
7.1 Purpose of the reference software . 5
7.2 Software location . 5
7.3 Software license . 5
7.4 Software installation . 5
7.5 Software architecture . 6
8 Decoder output logging process . 6
8.1 General decoder output logging process . 6
8.2 General hashing process . 7
8.3 Video data hashing process . 9
8.4 Block to patch map hashing process . 11
8.5 Patch params list hashing process . 11
8.6 View params list hashing process . 12
8.7 Atlas sequence parameter set MIV extension hashing process . 14
8.8 Atlas frame parameter set MIV extension hashing process . 15
8.9 Common atlas sequence parameter set MIV extension hashing process . 15
Bibliography . 17

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database
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identifying any or all such patent rights.
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related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 23090-23:2023), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — Additional reference bitstreams, updated reference software, and an extension of the decoder output
logging process, to test the functionality that was added in ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 23090 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Introduction
ISO/IEC 23090-12 was developed to support compression of immersive video content, in which a real or
virtual 3D scene is captured by multiple real or virtual cameras. The use of this document enables storage and
distribution of immersive video content over existing and future networks, for playback with 6 degrees of
freedom of view position and orientation.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/IEC DIS 23090-23:2025(en)

Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media
— —
Part 23:
Conformance and reference software for MPEG immersive video
1 Scope
This document specifies a set of tests and procedures designed to indicate whether encoders or decoders meet
the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 23090--12:2025, Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 12:
MPEG immersive video
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 23090-12 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
alternative decoder
decoder (3.4(3.4)) other than the reference software decoder (3.7(3.7))
3.2 3.2
bitstream
sequence of bits that conforms to the syntax requirements specified by ISO/IEC 23090-12 or sequence of bits
to be tested for conformance to those syntax requirements
3.3 3.3
bitstream zip-file
archive file containing a bitstream plus files with information on that bitstream for the purpose of decoder
conformance testing
3.4 3.4
decoder
embodiment of the decoding process specified by ISO/IEC 23090-12 or process to be tested for conformance
to that decoding process specification
Note 1 to entry: The decoding process does not include post-decoding, reconstruction and display process, which are
outside of the scope of this document.
3.5 3.5
decoder output log
log file that is output by a decoder (3.4(3.4)) in response to a bitstream (3.2(3.2)) for use in bitstream analysis
or decoder conformance testing
3.6 3.6
encoder
embodiment of a process that produces a bitstream (3.2,)
Note 1 to entry: The process is not specified in this document, that produces a bitstream (3.2).
3.7 3.7
reference software decoder
particular decoder (3.4(3.4)) provided as a software package for use as an example available for study, as a
potential starting basis for the development of other decoders, as a way of testing bitstreams (3.2) for
conformance, and as a reference for comparison with the behaviour of other decoders
3.8 3.8
reference software encoder
particular encoder (3.6(3.6)) provided as a software package for use as an example available for study, as a
potential starting basis for the development of other encoders, and as a reference for comparison with the
behaviour of other encoders
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms in ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025, Clause 4 apply.
5 Conventions
For the purposes of this document, the conventions specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025, Clause 5 apply.
6 Conformance testing
6.1 General
The following clauses specify normative tests for verifying the conformance of bitstreams as well as decoders.
Those normative tests make use of test data (bitstream test suites) provided as an electronic annex to this
document and the reference software decoder.
6.2 Bitstream conformance
The bitstream conformance of ISO/IEC 23090-12 is specified by ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025, Clause E.4.
6.3 Decoder conformance
The decoder conformance of ISO/IEC 23090-12 is specified by ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025, Clause E.5.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DISPRF 23090-23:2025(en)
6.4 Reference bitstreams
The bitstreams used for the decoder conformance testing specified in this document shall be those listed in
Table 1Table 1. They are available at:
https://standards.iso.org/iso-iec/23090/-23/ed-2/en/
Table 1 — List of reference bitstreams
ID Codec group Toolset IDC Features tested
IDC
CB01 HEVC Main10 MIV Extended Packed video data, entity coding
CB02 VVC Main10 MIV Extended Full occupancy, occupancy video data, different atlas frame sizes,
multiple tiles
CB03 VVC Main10 MIV Main Explicit view IDs
CB04 VVC Main10 MIV Main Grouping, explicit view IDs, multiple CVSs
CB05.1 VVC Main10 MIV Extended None of the atlases contain constant depth patches
CB05.2 VVC Main10 MIV Extended One atlas has constant depth patches, one does not
CB05.3 VVC Main10 MIV Extended All atlases contain constant depth patches
CB06 VVC Main10 MIV Main Ancillary atlas flag
CB07.1 VVC Main10 MIV Main Pruning graph (cluster graph)
CB07.2 VVC Main10 MIV Main Pruning graph (connected graph)
CB07.3 VVC Main10 MIV Main No pruning graph
CB08 HEVC Main10 MIV Extended Restricted geometry
CB09 HEVC Main10 MIV Main Geometry scaling (different factors)
CB10 HEVC Main10 MIV Main 8-bit video sub-bitstreams
CB11 VVC Main10 MIV Main Inpaint patches
CB12 VVC Main10 MIV Main Coordinate system parameters
CB14 VVC Main10 MIV Main 360-degree equirectangular projection (clip ClassroomVideo)
CB15 VVC Main10 MIV Main Perspective projection matrix layout (clip Painter)
CB16 VVC Main10 MIV Main 180-degree equirectangular projection (clip Museum)
CB17 VVC Main10 MIV Main Perspective projection vector layout (clip Frog)
CB18 VVC Main10 MIV Geometry Only texture video (clip Cadillac)
absent
CB19 VVC Main10 MIV Main Non-IRAP frames: NAL_CAF_TRIAL and NAL_TRAIL_N
CB20 VVC Main10 MIV Extended Multiple tiles
CB21 VVC Main10 MIV 2 Capture device information
CB22 HEVC Main10 MIV Simple MPI Simple MPI
CB23 HEVC Main10 MIV 2 Separated background view
CB24 VVC Main10 MIV 2 Colourized geometry
CB25 VVC Main10 MIV 2 Patch margins
CB26 HEVC Main10 MIV 2 Normalized linear quantization of depth values, frame packing
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ID Codec group Toolset IDC Features tested
IDC
CB27 VVC Main10 MIV 2 Chroma dynamic range modification
CB28 VVC Main10 MIV 2 Decoder-side depth estimation
6.5 Procedure to test bitstreams
A bitstream that claims conformance with ISO/IEC 23090-12 shall pass the following test:
The bitstream shall be decoded by processing it with the reference software decoder. When processed by the
reference software decoder, the bitstream shall not cause any error or non-conformance messages to be
reported by the reference software decoder. This test should not be applied to bitstreams that are known to
contain errors introduced by transmission, as such errors are highly likely to result in bitstreams that lack
conformance to ISO/IEC 23090-12.
Additional tests can be necessary to more thoroughly check that the bitstream properly meets all the
requirements specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12, including the hypothetical reference decoder (HRD)
conformance, supplemental enhancement information messages (SEI) and volumetric usability information
(VUI). These complementary tests may be performed using other bitstream verifiers that perform more
complete tests than those implemented by the reference software decoder.
To check the correctness of a bitstream, it is necessary to parse the entire bitstream and to extract all the
syntax elements and other values derived from those syntactic elements and used by the decoding process
specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12.
A verifier will not necessarily perform all stages of the decoding process specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12 to
verify bitstream correctness. Many tests can be performed on syntax elements in a state prior to their use in
some processing stages.
6.6 Procedure to test decoders
6.6.1 Conformance bitstreams
A bitstream has values of ptl_profile_codec_group_idc, ptl_profile_toolset_idc and ptl_level_idc corresponding
to a set of specified constraints on a bitstream for which a decoder conforming to a specified profile and level
is required to properly perform the decoding process.
6.6.2 Contents of the bitstream zip-files
The conformance bitstreams are available as an electronic attachment to this document. The following
information is included in a single zip-file for each bitstream:
— — the test bitstream in V3C sample stream format, with file extension .bit,
— — a decoder output log, as specified in Clause 8Clause 8,, with file extension .dec.
— — a short textual description of the bitstream, with file extension .txt, including:
— — contact information,;
— — profile-tier-level information,;
— — a description of the encoder, including version information, that was used to create the
bitstream,;
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DISPRF 23090-23:2025(en)
— — the version of the reference software decoder that was used to create the decoder output log,;
— — a description of the alternative decoders (if any), including version information, that were used
to verify the decoder output log,;
— — a list of features of ISO/IEC 23090-12 that are specifically exercised by this bitstream.
6.6.3 Requirements on decoder output and timing
The output of the decoding process is specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12.
For output timing conformance, a conforming decoder shall also output the decoded samples at the rates and
times specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12.
Post-decoding, reconstruction and display processes are outside of the scope of this document.
7 Reference software
7.1 Purpose of the reference software
The purpose of the reference software includes:
— — serving as an example available for study, e.g. to illustrate how the standard can be implemented,;
— — demonstrating the capabilities and behaviour that can be expected from implementations of the
standard to clarify how to interpret what is specified in ISO/IEC 23090-12,;
— — providing a potential basis for the development of implementations of ISO/IEC 23090-12,;
— — providing a reference for comparison with the behaviour of other decoders,;
— — testing of bitstreams for conformance to ISO/IEC 23090-12.
The use of the reference software is not a requirement for the implementation of ISO/IEC 23090-12. An
implementer is permitted to use only the text of ISO/IEC 23090-12 for creating an implementation of a
conforming encoder or decoder.
7.2 Software location
The reference software is available at the following location:
h
...