High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV prefabricated substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

IEC 62271-208:2025 gives practical guidance for the evaluation and documentation of the external steady state power-frequency electromagnetic fields which are generated by HV switchgear and controlgear assemblies and prefabricated substations. Basic requirements to measure or calculate the electric and magnetic fields are summarised for assemblies covered by IEC 62271-200 and IEC 62271-201, and for prefabricated substations covered by IEC 62271-202.
NOTE 1 The methods described in this document refer to three-phase equipment. However, the methodology can be used correspondingly for any single- or multi-phase equipment covered by this document.
This document applies to equipment rated for voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV and power-frequencies from 15 Hz to 60 Hz. The electromagnetic fields which are generated by harmonics or transients are not considered in this document. However, the methods described are equally applicable to the harmonic fields of the power-frequency.
Detailed generic information on requirements and measurements of low-frequency electromagnetic fields is given in IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
This document covers evaluation under factory or laboratory conditions before installation. The electric and the magnetic fields can be evaluated either by measurements or by calculations.
NOTE 2 Where practicable, the methods described in this document can also be used for installations on site.
It is not within the scope of this document to specify limit values of electromagnetic fields or methods for the assessment of human exposure.

Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 208: Méthodes de quantification des champs électromagnétiques à fréquence industrielle en régime établi générés par les ensembles d'appareillages HT et les postes préfabriqués HT/BT, à la fois pour les tensions assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV

IEC 62271-208:2025 La présente partie de l'IEC 62271 fournit des recommandations pratiques pour l'évaluation et la documentation des champs électromagnétiques à fréquence industrielle en régime établi externes qui sont générés par les ensembles d'appareillages et les postes préfabriqués HT. Les exigences élémentaires pour le mesurage ou le calcul des champs électriques et magnétiques sont récapitulées pour les ensembles couverts par l'IEC 62271-200 et l'IEC 62271-201 et pour les postes préfabriqués couverts par l'IEC 62271-202.
NOTE 1 Les méthodes décrites dans le présent document s'appliquent aux équipements triphasés. Toutefois, la méthodologie peut être utilisée respectivement pour tout équipement monophasé ou multiphasé couvert par le présent document.
Le présent document s'applique aux équipements assignés pour des tensions supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV et des fréquences industrielles comprises entre 15 Hz et 60 Hz. Les champs électromagnétiques qui sont générés par des harmoniques ou des transitoires ne sont pas pris en compte dans le présent document. Toutefois, les méthodes décrites s'appliquent également aux champs harmoniques de la fréquence industrielle.
L'IEC 61786-1 et l'IEC 61786-2 fournissent des informations génériques détaillées concernant les exigences et les mesurages des champs électromagnétiques à basse fréquence.
Le présent document traite de l'évaluation dans les conditions d'usine ou de laboratoire avant l'installation. Les champs électriques et magnétiques peuvent être évalués par des mesurages ou par des calculs.
NOTE 2 Lorsque cela est possible, les méthodes décrites dans le présent document peuvent également être utilisées pour les installations sur site.
La spécification de valeurs limites pour les champs électromagnétiques ou de méthodes d'évaluation de l'exposition humaine ne relève pas du domaine d'application du présent document.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
22-Dec-2025
Technical Committee
SC 17C - Assemblies
Drafting Committee
WG 45 - TC 17/SC 17C/WG 45
Current Stage
PPUB - Publication issued
Start Date
23-Dec-2025
Completion Date
05-Dec-2025

Relations

Effective Date
26-Dec-2025

Overview

IEC 62271-208:2025 sets out practical methods for the evaluation and documentation of steady-state, power-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by high-voltage (HV) switchgear and controlgear assemblies, as well as HV/LV prefabricated substations. Relevant for equipment rated above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV, the standard provides essential guidance for both manufacturers and users who need to assess and compare the electromagnetic field characteristics of such electrical equipment. IEC 62271-208:2025 covers the measurement and calculation of both electric and magnetic fields in the frequency range from 15 Hz to 60 Hz, using procedures suitable for factory, laboratory, and - where practical - on-site evaluation.

Key Topics

  • Scope and Applicability: The document addresses HV switchgear assemblies (per IEC 62271-200 and IEC 62271-201) and HV/LV prefabricated substations (per IEC 62271-202) within the indicated voltage and frequency ranges.
  • Measurement and Calculation Methods: Summarizes requirements and presents procedures for quantifying steady-state, power-frequency electric and magnetic fields using either direct measurement or analytical calculation.
  • Evaluation under Defined Conditions: Specifies that evaluation should occur under controlled conditions simulating operational maximums and considers influencing factors such as equipment configuration and current loadings.
  • Hot Spot and Isoline Procedures: Details two primary measurement procedures:
    • Hot spot method: Identifies local maxima of field values on measurement surfaces.
    • Isoline method: Maps lines of constant field strength across a measurement plane.
  • Documentation and Reporting: Outlines how to record, process, and present EMF evaluation data for compliance and comparison.
  • Exclusions: The standard does not specify limits for electromagnetic fields or methods for assessing human exposure.

Applications

IEC 62271-208:2025 is valuable for stakeholders who need to:

  • Plan and Install HV Equipment: Provides the methodology to assess potential electromagnetic fields before installing switchgear and substations, supporting informed site planning and layout optimization to minimize unwanted EMF.
  • Product Comparison and Selection: Enables comparison of different switchgear and substation products based on quantified EMF characteristics, an important factor in procurement and equipment specification.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Supports documentation efforts to demonstrate due diligence with respect to local or international guidelines about electromagnetic fields, in collaboration with standards such as IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
  • Quality Assurance and Factory Testing: Ensures reproducible and comparable EMF measurement results during factory acceptance tests or type testing in laboratory environments.
  • Verification through Calculation: Where measurement is impractical, rigorous calculation methods can be used as outlined, ensuring flexibility in application.

Related Standards

  • IEC 62271-200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV.
  • IEC 62271-201: AC solid-insulation-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for similar voltage ranges.
  • IEC 62271-202: AC prefabricated substations for voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV.
  • IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2: General requirements and basic measurement standards for low-frequency electromagnetic fields related to human exposure.
  • IEC 61000-6-2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Immunity for industrial environments.

Practical Value

By adhering to IEC 62271-208:2025, manufacturers, utilities, and consultants gain a harmonized methodology to evaluate and document the EMF from HV infrastructure. This supports transparent communication with stakeholders, facilitates regulatory and internal compliance, and enables risk assessment regarding electromagnetic disturbances related to HV switchgear and substations. The standard fosters consistent, repeatable evaluation practices across the industry, making it essential for anyone involved with the specification, testing, or deployment of high-voltage electrical equipment.

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IEC 62271-208:2025 - High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV prefabricated substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV Isbn:9782832708873

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IEC 62271-208:2025 - Appareillage a haute tension - Partie 208: Méthodes de quantification des champs électromagnétiques a fréquence industrielle en régime établi générés par les ensembles d'appareillages HT et les postes préfabriqués HT/BT, a la fois pour les tensions assignées supérieures a 1 kV et inférieures ou égales a 52 kV Released:12/23/2025 Isbn:9782832708873

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IEC 62271-208:2025 - High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV prefabricated substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV Isbn:9782832708873

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Frequently Asked Questions

IEC 62271-208:2025 is a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Its full title is "High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV prefabricated substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV". This standard covers: IEC 62271-208:2025 gives practical guidance for the evaluation and documentation of the external steady state power-frequency electromagnetic fields which are generated by HV switchgear and controlgear assemblies and prefabricated substations. Basic requirements to measure or calculate the electric and magnetic fields are summarised for assemblies covered by IEC 62271-200 and IEC 62271-201, and for prefabricated substations covered by IEC 62271-202. NOTE 1 The methods described in this document refer to three-phase equipment. However, the methodology can be used correspondingly for any single- or multi-phase equipment covered by this document. This document applies to equipment rated for voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV and power-frequencies from 15 Hz to 60 Hz. The electromagnetic fields which are generated by harmonics or transients are not considered in this document. However, the methods described are equally applicable to the harmonic fields of the power-frequency. Detailed generic information on requirements and measurements of low-frequency electromagnetic fields is given in IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2. This document covers evaluation under factory or laboratory conditions before installation. The electric and the magnetic fields can be evaluated either by measurements or by calculations. NOTE 2 Where practicable, the methods described in this document can also be used for installations on site. It is not within the scope of this document to specify limit values of electromagnetic fields or methods for the assessment of human exposure.

IEC 62271-208:2025 gives practical guidance for the evaluation and documentation of the external steady state power-frequency electromagnetic fields which are generated by HV switchgear and controlgear assemblies and prefabricated substations. Basic requirements to measure or calculate the electric and magnetic fields are summarised for assemblies covered by IEC 62271-200 and IEC 62271-201, and for prefabricated substations covered by IEC 62271-202. NOTE 1 The methods described in this document refer to three-phase equipment. However, the methodology can be used correspondingly for any single- or multi-phase equipment covered by this document. This document applies to equipment rated for voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV and power-frequencies from 15 Hz to 60 Hz. The electromagnetic fields which are generated by harmonics or transients are not considered in this document. However, the methods described are equally applicable to the harmonic fields of the power-frequency. Detailed generic information on requirements and measurements of low-frequency electromagnetic fields is given in IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2. This document covers evaluation under factory or laboratory conditions before installation. The electric and the magnetic fields can be evaluated either by measurements or by calculations. NOTE 2 Where practicable, the methods described in this document can also be used for installations on site. It is not within the scope of this document to specify limit values of electromagnetic fields or methods for the assessment of human exposure.

IEC 62271-208:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 29.130.10 - High voltage switchgear and controlgear. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

IEC 62271-208:2025 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to IEC TR 62271-208:2009. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

IEC 62271-208:2025 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


IEC 62271-208 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -
Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency electromagnetic
fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV prefabricated
substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
ICS 29.130.10  ISBN 978-2-8327-0887-3

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Evaluation requirements . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Methods of evaluation . 9
4.3 Evaluation of electric fields . 9
4.3.1 HV assemblies . 9
4.3.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations . 9
4.4 Evaluation of magnetic fields . 9
4.4.1 HV assemblies . 9
4.4.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations . 10
5 Measurements. 11
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Measuring instruments . 11
5.3 Measurement procedures . 12
5.3.1 General. 12
5.3.2 General. 12
5.3.3 Hot spot measurement procedure . 13
5.3.4 Isoline measurement procedure . 17
5.4 Measurement set-up . 18
5.4.1 General. 18
5.4.2 Hot spot measurement set-up. 18
5.4.3 Isoline measurement set-up . 20
5.4.4 External connections . 21
5.4.5 Additional provisions for HV/LV prefabricated substations . 22
6 Calculations . 22
6.1 General . 22
6.2 Software . 22
6.3 Calculation procedures . 23
6.4 Results . 23
6.5 Validation . 23
7 Documentation . 24
7.1 General . 24
7.2 Characteristics of the HV assembly or prefabricated substation . 24
7.3 Evaluation method . 24
7.4 Presentation of the measurement results . 24
7.5 Presentation of the calculation results . 25
Annex A (informative) Presentation of E- or B-field measurement data – Examples for
a typical HV/LV prefabricated substation . 26
A.1 Presentation of hot spot B-field measurement results . 26
A.1.1 General. 26
A.1.2 Hot spot locations . 27
A.1.3 Hot spot locations with its E- or B-field values . 27
A.1.4 Field variation around substation at hot spot locations . 28
A.1.5 Variation of the E- or B-field as a function of the distance . 28
A.1.6 Background fields . 29
A.2 Presentation of isoline E- or B-field measurement results . 29
A.2.1 Location of measurement points on isoline . 29
A.2.2 Background fields . 30
A.2.3 Example of an isoline measurement on a 1 600 kVA power transformer
substation . 31
Annex B (informative) Examples of analytical solutions to benchmark EMF
calculations . 32
B.1 Magnetic field . 32
B.2 Electric field . 41
Bibliography . 51

Figure 1 – Example of test circuits configuration to obtain the maximum external
magnetic field of a HV assembly or a prefabricated substation . 10
Figure 2 – Reference surface (RS) and measurement surface (MS) for equipment of
irregular shape . 13
Figure 3 – Scanning areas to find the hot spots . 14
Figure 4 – Determination of the field variation as a function of the distance from the hot
spot locations (perpendicular to the reference surface) . 15
Figure 5 – Height of measurement plane . 17
Figure 6 – Example of test circuit for electric and magnetic field measurement . 19
Figure 7 – Example of hot spot test set-up with measurement results. 20
Figure 8 – Example of isoline test set-up with measurement results . 21
Figure A.1 – Hot spot locations representing the field maxima . 27
Figure A.2 – Example diagram for the field variation at hot spots . 28
Figure A.3 – Graphical presentation of the field variation . 29
Figure A.4 – Graphical presentation of measurement points on isoline . 30
Figure A.5 – Isoline of 10 µT for a 1 600 kVA substation . 31
Figure B.1 – Schematic for 3-phase magnetic field calculation . 32
Figure B.2 – Variation of resultant magnetic field around 3-phase cable . 35
Figure B.3 – Maximum resultant magnetic field around 3-phase cable . 36
Figure B.4 – Schematic for 3-phase electric field calculation . 41
Figure B.5 – Variation of resultant electric field around 3-phase cable. 44
Figure B.6 – Maximum resultant electric field around 3-phase cable . 46

Table A.1 – Listing of the hot spot coordinates . 28
Table A.2 – Variation of field values for one hot spot . 29
Table A.3 – Background fields . 29
Table A.4 – Listing of the location (coordinates) of the measurement points . 30
Table A.5 – Background fields . 31
Table B.1 – Values of H [A/m] for spatial angles θ and time angles ωt . 35
res
Table B.2 – Values of maximum H [A/m] for spatial angles θ. 37
res
Table B.3 – Values of E [V/m] for spatial angles θ and time angles ωt . 45
res
Table B.4 – Values of maximum E for spatial angles θ . 46
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -
Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency
electromagnetic fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV
prefabricated substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to
and including 52 kV
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
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shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62271-208 document has been prepared by subcommittee 17C: High-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies, of IEC technical committee 17: Switchgear and controlgear.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TR 62271-208, published in 2009.
This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the isoline measurement procedure is introduced and compared to the hot spot one when it
is required as a measurement for the characterization of a generated electromagnetic field.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
17C/977/FDIS 17C/983/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62271 series, under the general title High-voltage switchgear
and controlgear, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
INTRODUCTION
Manufacturers of electricity supply equipment can be asked to provide information about the
electromagnetic field characteristics to enable the user to
• assess the electromagnetic field conditions to assist with planning, installation, operating
instructions and service,
• take measures to meet requirements or regulations on electromagnetic fields,
• compare different products as far as their level of electromagnetic fields is concerned.
The purpose of this document is to describe a methodology for the evaluation (measurement or
calculation) of generated electromagnetic fields. In particular, if a measurement is required, hot
spot and isolines procedures are introduced and described.
The electromagnetic field characteristic of the equipment comprises the values of the electric
and the magnetic fields around its accessible surfaces.
The electromagnetic field characteristic defined in this document refers to a single product as
defined in the scope. In real installations, several field sources can superimpose, so the
resulting electromagnetic fields on site can differ significantly from the single product
characteristics.
This document does not define a mandatory test for the products mentioned in the scope.
Neither the establishment of limits for the electromagnetic fields generated by equipment, nor
the establishment of assessment methods for the human exposure to electromagnetic fields are
within the content or intent of this document.

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62271 gives practical guidance for the evaluation and documentation of the
external steady state power-frequency electromagnetic fields which are generated by HV
switchgear and controlgear assemblies and prefabricated substations. Basic requirements to
measure or calculate the electric and magnetic fields are summarised for assemblies covered
by IEC 62271-200 and IEC 62271-201, and for prefabricated substations covered by
IEC 62271-202.
NOTE 1 The methods described in this document refer to three-phase equipment. However, the methodology can
be used correspondingly for any single- or multi-phase equipment covered by this document.
This document applies to equipment rated for voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV
and power-frequencies from 15 Hz to 60 Hz. The electromagnetic fields which are generated
by harmonics or transients are not considered in this document. However, the methods
described are equally applicable to the harmonic fields of the power-frequency.
Detailed generic information on requirements and measurements of low-frequency
electromagnetic fields is given in IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
This document covers evaluation under factory or laboratory conditions before installation. The
electric and the magnetic fields can be evaluated either by measurements or by calculations.
NOTE 2 Where practicable, the methods described in this document can also be used for installations on site.
It is not within the scope of this document to specify limit values of electromagnetic fields or
methods for the assessment of human exposure.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity
for industrial environments
IEC 61786-1, Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz to
100 kHz with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 1: Requirements for measuring
instruments
IEC 61786-2, Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz to
100 kHz with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 2: Basic standard for measurements
IEC 62271-200, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 200: AC metal-enclosed
switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-201, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 201: AC solid-insulation-
enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including
52 kV
IEC 62271-202, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 202: AC prefabricated
substations for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
electromagnetic field
EMF
field, determined by a set of four interrelated vector quantities, that characterizes, together with
the electric current density and the volumic electric charge, the electric and magnetic conditions
of a material medium or of a vacuum
Note 1 to entry: The four interrelated vector quantities, which obey Maxwell’s equations, are by convention:
• the electric field strength E,
• the electric flux density D,
• the magnetic field strength H,
• the magnetic flux density B.
Note 2 to entry: This definition of electromagnetic field is valid in so far as certain quantum aspects of
electromagnetic phenomena can be neglected.
Note 3 to entry: An electromagnetic field can include static components, i.e. an electrostatic field and a
magnetostatic field, and time-varying components representing electromagnetic waves.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:2021 [1],121-11-61]
3.2
electric field characteristic
values (RMS) and spatial distribution of the electric field strength (E) expressed in kV/m at rated
voltage and frequency around all accessible surfaces of the equipment
Note 1 to entry: The electric field characteristic is the resultant of the RMS values of the three orthogonal vector
components.
3.3
magnetic field characteristic
values (RMS) and spatial distribution of the magnetic field strength (H) expressed in A/m or the
magnetic flux density (B) expressed in µT, at rated continuous current and frequency around all
accessible surfaces of the equipment
Note 1 to entry: The magnetic field characteristic is the resultant of the RMS values of the three orthogonal vector
components.
Note 2 to entry: The terms “resultant electric field” and “resultant magnetic field” are defined in IEC 61786-1 and
IEC 61786-2.
3.4
accessible surfaces, pl.
those parts of the walls and roof of prefabricated substations or HV switchgear and controlgear
assemblies that can be touched with all covers and doors in closed position in normal service
conditions
3.5
reference surface
RS
virtual envelope containing the equipment for evaluation purposes
3.6
measurement surface
MS
virtual envelope defined outside the reference surface at 20 cm distance for measuring hot
spots
3.7
hot spot
centre of an area of a local maximum of the electric or the magnetic field at the measurement
surface
3.8
EMF characteristic
spatial distribution of the electric field characteristic and of the magnetic field characteristic
Note 1 to entry: The spatial distribution is derived from a measurement or calculation grid.
3.9
measurement volume
MV
virtual space in which the electromagnetic background field does not exceed an appropriate
level to permit the uninfluenced measurement of the electric and magnetic fields generated by
the high-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly or the prefabricated substation
3.10
measurement plane
MP
horizontal virtual plane on a specific height above floor level on which the measurement points
are taken
3.11
isoline
line of constant electric or magnetic field characteristic on a measurement plane
4 Evaluation requirements
4.1 General
The EMF characteristic of HV switchgear and controlgear assemblies or HV/LV prefabricated
substations is the measured or calculated electric field strength and magnetic flux density
around all accessible surfaces under the conditions for evaluation described below. These
conditions represent the service, where the loading of the switchgear and controlgear
assemblies and, in a substation, of the power transformer is at defined values.
As the electric and magnetic fields are dependent on the physical arrangement of incoming and
outgoing cables and their loadings, these parameters have to be recorded. The presence of
other field sources and shielding or other metallic structures shall be recorded.
The recordings shall be carried out in such a way that the loadings, material characteristics,
and geometrical configuration (including metric distances) are clearly indicated.
The EMF characteristic shall be evaluated for the conditions that would result in the highest
levels of electric and magnetic fields in normal, undisturbed service. These conditions include
the highest currents and largest loops realistically possible through the assembly working at
maximum capacity. EMF caused by switching operations, including interruption of fault currents,
or other transient phenomena is deemed to be incidental and shall not be considered.
Electric field strength and magnetic flux density shall be recorded as the resultant of the RMS
values of the three orthogonal vector components.
The evaluation shall be carried out at the rated frequency of the equipment.
However, in the frequency range from 15 Hz up to and including 60 Hz the actual value of
frequency does not significantly affect the levels of generated electric fields for any given values
of voltage. Therefore, evaluation at any frequency up to and including 60 Hz is considered valid.
Similarly, the difference in attenuation of magnetic fields by metallic enclosures at 50 Hz and
60 Hz can be ignored for the purpose of this document. Therefore, evaluation at 50 Hz is
considered applicable also for 60 Hz and vice versa.
In the power-frequency range covered by this document the electric and magnetic fields can be
treated separately. When selecting the conditions to obtain the highest level of electric and
magnetic fields as realistically as possible in undisturbed service, the following subclauses
should be considered.
4.2 Methods of evaluation
The EMF characteristic can be evaluated by measurement or by calculation.
4.3 Evaluation of electric fields
4.3.1 HV assemblies
The equipment shall be evaluated at the rated voltage of the HV switchgear and controlgear
assemblies.
Only if the evaluation cannot be carried out at rated voltage, the results shall be extrapolated
to the rated value. Since the electric field strength is a linear function of the voltage, the field
strengths for different high voltages can be extrapolated linearly.
4.3.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations
The equipment shall be evaluated at the rated high voltage of the HV/LV power transformer(s).
Only if the evaluation cannot be carried out at rated voltage, the results shall be extrapolated
to the rated value. Since the electric field strength is a linear function of the voltage, the field
strengths for different high voltages can be extrapolated linearly.
4.4 Evaluation of magnetic fields
4.4.1 HV assemblies
To evaluate the HV assembly magnetic field, use the rated continuous current given on the
switchgear nameplate. The HV circuit shall be selected to form the widest possible current loop
between the incoming and outgoing functional units (panels) of the switchgear and controlgear
assemblies to obtain the maximum magnetic field by using the smallest number of circuits,
taking into account their rated continuous current. An example is shown in Figure 1.
If the evaluation cannot be carried out at the rated continuous current the results shall be
extrapolated to the rated value. Any saturation effect will be less pronounced at lower currents,
therefore extrapolation from lower to higher values of current is allowed since it can only result
in an overestimate of the B-field.
Key
I = HV assembly highest loop current
I = HV/LV loop (HV side) current
I = HV/LV loop (LV side) highest current
I = HV/LV (LV outgoing) highest current
Figure 1 – Example of test circuits configuration to obtain the maximum external
magnetic field of a HV assembly or a prefabricated substation
4.4.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations
For the HV assembly, 4.4.1 applies.
The LV switchgear and controlgear assembly and the power transformer shall be loaded with
the highest continuous current derived from the rated power of the prefabricated substation and
the highest LV rated current of the corresponding power transformer for a given LV level. The
circuit shall be configured to form the highest concentration of currents to obtain the maximum
magnetic field. This can be achieved by using the smallest number of circuits, choosing those
located closest to the enclosure of the prefabricated substation and taking into account their
rated continuous currents. An example is shown in Figure 1.
NOTE Regarding different rated continuous currents, see relevant clause(s) in IEC 62271-202.
If the evaluation cannot be carried out at the rated power for a given LV level, the results shall
be extrapolated to the rated value. Any saturation effect will be less pronounced at lower
currents, therefore extrapolation from lower to higher values of current is allowed since it can
only result in an overestimate of the B-field.
The extrapolation of magnetic field values is not permitted if the currents on the HV and LV
sides of the prefabricated substation vary independently.
5 Measurements
5.1 General
At power-frequency the electric and magnetic field are independent from each other. Hence, it
is not necessary to record magnetic flux density and electric field strength characteristic
simultaneously.
The electric field characteristic of the equipment is independent of the load current.
The magnetic field characteristic of the equipment is independent of the voltage.
NOTE General guidance on measurement procedures for electric and magnetic fields can also be found in
IEC 62110 [2] , and IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
5.2 Measuring instruments
Instruments for measuring electric and magnetic fields shall meet the requirements of
specification and calibration given by IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2. The calibration report shall
be traceable to national or international standards. These instruments should be used in
appropriate conditions, in particular with regard to
• electromagnetic immunity according to IEC 61000-6-2,
• immunity of power-frequency electric field on magnetic field measurement,
• temperature and humidity ranges as recommended by the instrument manufacturer.
A three-axis instrument measures RMS values of resultant field F . A single-axis instrument can
r
be used to obtain F by measuring F , F , and F , using Formula (1), where F , F and F are
r x y z x y z
RMS values of the orthogonal three-axis components of electric or magnetic field.
2 22
F FFF++ (1)
r x yz
The use of a three-axis instrument with three concentric sensors is preferred. However, if a
single-axis instrument is used, special attention should be paid to the orientation of the sensor
along three orthogonal directions. The orientation of the sensor shall be changed without
moving the position of its centre.
In the case of non-concentric sensors, the locations and orientations of the sensors that are
contained within the housings of field meters shall be clearly indicated on the instrument or in
the instruction manual.
During the evaluation of the magnetic field generated by HV assemblies and HV/LV
prefabricated substations, the distance between the field source and the measuring instrument
is relatively short (in comparison to other AC power equipment like overhead lines). In general,
the measurements will be carried out in non-uniform fields. In case of the magnetic field
measurement, it is necessary to consider the ratio of distance (d ) from the field source and
sc
sensor radius (a). For measurements with a three-axis instrument, a minimum ratio of 4 is
considered suitable.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
=
For example, when using a probe with radius 5 cm the minimum distance to the field source
would be 20 cm considering a ratio of 4. More information about this topic can be found in
IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
5.3 Measurement procedures
5.3.1 General
If measurement procedures are used, one of the following methods shall be used:
a) hot spot measurement procedure, or
b) isoline measurement procedure.
5.3.2 General
To consider equipment of all kinds of shape, a virtual envelope containing the equipment is
defined as the reference surface (RS); see Figure 2. The purpose of the RS is to integrate
irregularities and to eliminate abrupt changes in the measurement surface (MS). The MS is
defined outside the RS at 20 cm distance.
NOTE A measurement distance between 10 cm and 20 cm corresponds to the distance from the centre of a person’s
body to an accessible surface when a person is leaning against it. Taking into account the practical sizes of field
probes and the necessary clearance to avoid direct contact of the probe with the accessible surface, 20 cm is
considered the minimum measurement distance. Some national regulations as well as IEC 62110 [2] take this
distance as their basis.
Protruding elements (for example handles) shall be disregarded.
Key
1 Equipment surface
2 Measurement surface (MS)
3 Reference surface (RS)
d Distance between equipment and measurement surface (20 cm)
Figure 2 – Reference surface (RS) and measurement surface (MS)
for equipment of irregular shape
5.3.3 Hot spot measurement procedure
5.3.3.1 Electric field
The maximum value(s) of the electric field over the accessible measurement surface shall be
found by first scanning on a coarse grid to find the regions of maximum field and then refining
the grid for the hot spot locations. See also Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Scanning areas to find the hot spots
The variation of the electric field shall be determined as a function of the distance from the MS.
Starting at each hot spot, the field values shall be measured along a line perpendicular to the
MS until the measured value is lower than 1/10 (–20 dB) of the hot spot value; see Figure 4.
Additional measurements can be carried out to fulfil specific requirements (e.g. for a client or
country).
NOTE Significant electric fields are not expected for the equipment in the scope of this document. However, it is
the intention of this document to give guidance for the measurement of these fields where manufacturers and users
require them.
Figure 4 – Determination of the field variation as a function of the distance from the hot
spot locations (perpendicular to the reference surface)
5.3.3.2 Magnetic field
The maximum value(s) of the magnetic field over the MS shall be found by first scanning on a
coarse grid to find the regions of maximum field and then refining the grid for the hot spot
locations. See also Figure 3.
The variation of the magnetic field shall be determined as a function of the distance from the
MS. Starting at each hot spot, the field values shall be measured along a line perpendicular to
the MS until the measured value is lower than 1/10 (–20 dB) of the hot spot value; see Figure 4.
Additional measurements can be carried out to fulfil specific requirements (e.g., for a client or
country).
5.3.3.3 Background fields
Before the measurements, the background field level shall be measured, with the equipment
switched off, to detect high external disturbances in advance. If any, necessary precautions can
be taken before the start of a series of measurements.
Immediately after the measurements, the equipment shall be switched off and the background
field level shall be measured and recorded.
By coarsely scanning the electric or magnetic field within the MV when voltage or current is
switched off, it shall be verified that the background field level is below 1/10 (–20 dB) of the
lowest value measured at any of the hot spots found during the live measurement.
Guidance on reducing the interfering background fields, caused by the external cables
connected to the test specimen, to a minimum, is given in 5.4.4.
5.3.3.4 Environmental factors
5.3.3.4.1 Electric field measurement
Environmental factors (e.g. humidity, temperature) have no significant influence on the electric
field. However, the electric field measuring instrument can be influenced significantly when the
humidity is sufficient to cause condensation on the sensor and the supporting structure. Thus,
the environmental factors shall be measured to ensure that the measuring instruments are used
within their specified environmental limits. Special attention should be paid to humidity.
Acceptable humidity limits for proper measurements are deemed to be
• 60 % relative humidity when using a normal tripod,
• 70 % relative humidity when using an offset tripod (measuring instrument shifted by 50 cm
form the vertical axis of the tripod).
If those limits are exceeded, the measurements shall be considered as conservative, due to the
fact that the values measured in high humidity are higher than those in lower humidity for the
same equipment excited with the same voltages.
Likewise, electric field measurements in rain conditions are inappropriate.
5.3.3.4.2 Magnetic field measurement
Environmental factors (e.g. humidity, temperature) have no significant influence on the
magnetic field. However, the environmental factors shall be measured to ensure that the
measuring instruments are being used within their specified environmental limits.
5.3.3.4.3 Other conditions
During electric field measurements, objects or persons shall be kept outside the influence zone
of the measuring device.
Only objects containing or consisting of high permeability materials can cause significant
distortions of the magnetic field. Persons do not influence the magnetic field, thus measuring
instruments can be directly held by persons when making measurements.
The presence of high permeability materials, which are not part of the equipment, in the vicinity
of the field source or the measuring instruments, or both, shall be stated in the measurement
report.
All parts of the equipment intended to be earthed shall be earthed according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.3.4 Isoline measurement procedure
5.3.4.1 General
The hot spot measurement procedure determines only the maximum field value and the
variation of the field, at that point, as a function of the distance from the measurement surface
(MS), on each side of the equipment under test.
In case more details are required to better understand the field distribution around the
equipment under test, the isoline measurement procedure can be used. The isoline
measurement procedure results in a curve, along which there is a constant field value.
In case multiple isolines or multiple heights of the measurement plane are requested, the isoline
measurement procedure should be repeated for each unique combination of isoline field value
and height.
5.3.4.2 Measurement height(s)
Depending on the purpose of the field measurement according to the isoline measurement
procedure, one or more heights for the measurement plane can be chosen. The actual
measurement height(s) should be explicitly recorded in the measurement report. See Figure 5.

Figure 5 – Height of measurement plane
5.3.4.3 Intervals between measurement points
In order to establish an isoline, the intervals between the different measurement points should
be chosen in such a way that the distance between two points is always sufficient to cover non-
uniform fields, especially local fields with strong deviations on short distance. It is allowed to
use a variable interval to limit the number of measuring points, considering the non-uniform
fields. The proper interval between two measurement points can be established by first
scanning on a coarse grid.
5.3.4.4 Background fields
Before the measurements, the background field level shall be measured, with the equipment
switched off, to detect high external disturbances in advance. If any, necessary precautions can
be taken before the start of a series of measurements.
Immediately after the m
...


IEC 62271-208 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-12
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Appareillage à haute tension -
Partie 208: Méthodes de quantification des champs électromagnétiques à
fréquence industrielle en régime établi générés par les ensembles
d'appareillages HT et les postes préfabriqués HT/BT, à la fois pour les tensions
assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV
ICS 29.130.10  ISBN 978-2-8327-0887-3

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SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Domaine d'application . 7
2 Références normatives . 7
3 Termes et définitions. 8
4 Exigences en matière d'évaluation. 10
4.1 Généralités . 10
4.2 Méthodes d'évaluation . 10
4.3 Évaluation des champs électriques . 11
4.3.1 Ensembles HT . 11
4.3.2 Postes préfabriqués HT/BT . 11
4.4 Évaluation des champs magnétiques . 11
4.4.1 Ensembles HT . 11
4.4.2 Postes préfabriqués HT/BT . 12
5 Mesurages . 13
5.1 Généralités . 13
5.2 Instruments de mesure . 13
5.3 Procédures de mesure . 14
5.3.1 Généralités . 14
5.3.2 Généralités . 14
5.3.3 Procédure de mesure par points chauds . 15
5.3.4 Procédure de mesure par isoligne . 19
5.4 Montage de mesure . 20
5.4.1 Généralités . 20
5.4.2 Montage de mesure par points chauds . 21
5.4.3 Montage de mesure par isoligne . 22
5.4.4 Connexions externes . 23
5.4.5 Dispositions supplémentaires pour les postes préfabriqués HT/BT . 24
6 Calculs . 24
6.1 Généralités . 24
6.2 Logiciels . 25
6.3 Procédures de calcul. 25
6.4 Résultats . 25
6.5 Validation . 26
7 Documentation . 26
7.1 Généralités . 26
7.2 Caractéristiques de l'ensemble HT ou du poste préfabriqué . 26
7.3 Méthode d'évaluation . 26
7.4 Présentation des résultats de mesure . 26
7.5 Présentation des résultats de calcul . 27
Annexe A (informative) Présentation des données de mesure de champ E ou B –
Exemples pour un poste préfabriqué HT/BT type . 28
A.1 Présentation des résultats de mesure du champ B aux points chauds . 28
A.1.1 Généralités . 28
A.1.2 Emplacements des points chauds . 29
A.1.3 Emplacements des points chauds avec leurs valeurs de champ E ou B . 29
A.1.4 Variation du champ autour du poste aux emplacements des points
chauds . 30
A.1.5 Variation du champ E ou B en fonction de la distance . 30
A.1.6 Champs de fond . 31
A.2 Présentation des résultats de mesure du champ E ou B par isoligne . 31
A.2.1 Emplacement des points de mesure sur l'isoligne . 31
A.2.2 Champs de fond . 32
A.2.3 Exemple d'un mesurage par isoligne sur un poste de transformateur de
puissance de 1 600 kVA . 33
Annexe B (informative) Exemples de solutions d'analyse pour comparer les calculs
des champs EM . 34
B.1 Champ magnétique . 34
B.2 Champ électrique . 43
Bibliographie . 54

Figure 1 – Exemple de configuration des circuits d'essai pour obtenir le champ
magnétique externe maximal d'un ensemble HT ou d'un poste préfabriqué . 12
Figure 2 – Surface de référence (RS) et surface de mesure (MS) pour les
équipements de forme irrégulière . 15
Figure 3 – Zones de balayage pour l'identification des points chauds . 16
Figure 4 – Détermination de la variation du champ en fonction de la distance par
rapport aux emplacements des points chauds (perpendiculairement à la surface de
référence) . 17
Figure 5 – Hauteur du plan de mesure . 20
Figure 6 – Exemple de circuit d'essai pour le mesurage des champs électriques et
magnétiques . 21
Figure 7 – Exemple de montage d'essai par points chauds avec résultats de mesure . 22
Figure 8 – Exemple de montage d'essai par isoligne avec résultats de mesure . 23
Figure A.1 – Emplacements des points chauds représentant les valeurs maximales du
champ . 29
Figure A.2 – Exemple de courbe pour la variation du champ aux points chauds . 30
Figure A.3 – Représentation graphique de la variation du champ. 31
Figure A.4 – Représentation graphique des points de mesure sur l'isoligne . 32
Figure A.5 – Isoligne de 10 μT pour un poste de 1 600 kVA . 33
Figure B.1 – Schéma pour le calcul d'un champ magnétique triphasé. 34
Figure B.2 – Variation du champ magnétique résultant autour du câble triphasé . 37
Figure B.3 – Champ magnétique résultant maximal autour du câble triphasé . 39
Figure B.4 – Schéma pour le calcul d'un champ électrique triphasé . 44
Figure B.5 – Variation du champ électrique résultant autour du câble triphasé . 47
Figure B.6 – Champ électrique résultant maximal autour du câble triphasé . 49

Tableau A.1 – Liste des coordonnées des points chauds . 30
Tableau A.2 – Variation des valeurs de champ pour un point chaud . 31
Tableau A.3 – Champs de fond . 31
Tableau A.4 – Liste des emplacements (coordonnées) des points de mesure . 32
Tableau A.5 – Champs de fond . 33
Tableau B.1 – Valeurs de H [A/m] pour les angles spatiaux θ et les angles
res
temporels ωt . 38
Tableau B.2 – Valeurs maximales de H [A/m] pour les angles spatiaux θ . 39
res
Tableau B.3 – Valeurs de E [V/m] pour les angles spatiaux θ et les angles
res
temporels ωt . 48
Tableau B.4 – Valeurs maximales de E pour les angles spatiaux θ. 49

COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
Appareillage à haute tension -
Partie 208: Méthodes de quantification des champs électromagnétiques à
fréquence industrielle en régime établi générés par les ensembles
d'appareillages HT et les postes préfabriqués HT/BT, à la fois pour les
tensions assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV

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L'IEC ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de brevets.
Le document IEC 62271-208 a été établi par le sous-comité 17C: Ensembles d'appareillages à
haute tension, du comité d'études 17 de l'IEC: Appareillage haute tension.
Cette première édition annule et remplace la première édition de l'IEC TR 62271-208 parue
en 2009. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition
précédente:
a) la procédure de mesure par isoligne a été adoptée et est comparée à la méthode des points
chauds lorsqu'un mesurage est exigé pour caractériser un champ électromagnétique
généré.
Le texte de cette Norme internationale est issu des documents suivants:
Projet Rapport de vote
17C/977/FDIS 17C/983/RVD
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à son approbation.
La langue employée pour l'élaboration de cette Norme internationale est l'anglais.
Ce document a été rédigé selon les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2, il a été développé selon les
Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1 et les Directives ISO/IEC, Supplément IEC, disponibles sous
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. Les principaux types de documents développés par
l'IEC sont décrits plus en détail sous www.iec.ch/publications.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série IEC 62271, publiées sous le titre général Appareillage
à haute tension, se trouve sur le site web de l'IEC.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de ce document ne sera pas modifié avant la date de stabilité
indiquée sur le site web de l'IEC sous webstore.iec.ch dans les données relatives au document
recherché. À cette date, le document sera
– reconduit,
– supprimé, ou
– révisé.
INTRODUCTION
Les fabricants d'équipements d'alimentation électrique peuvent être priés de fournir des
informations sur les caractéristiques de champ électromagnétique afin que l'utilisateur puisse:
• évaluer les conditions de champ électromagnétique pour ainsi faciliter la planification,
l'installation, les instructions d'exploitation et le service;
• engager des mesures pour respecter les exigences ou les réglementations en matière de
champs électromagnétiques;
• comparer les différents produits du point de vue de leurs niveaux de champs
électromagnétiques.
Le présent document a pour objet de décrire une méthodologie permettant d'évaluer (par
mesurage ou calcul) les champs électromagnétiques générés. En particulier, si un mesurage
est exigé, des procédures relatives aux points chauds et aux isolignes ont été adoptées et sont
décrites.
La caractéristique du champ électromagnétique de l'équipement comprend les valeurs des
champs électriques et magnétiques autour de ses surfaces accessibles.
La caractéristique du champ électromagnétique définie dans le présent document concerne le
produit unique qui est explicitement défini dans le domaine d'application. Dans les installations
réelles, plusieurs sources de champ peuvent se superposer, de sorte que les champs
électromagnétiques résultants sur le site peuvent s'écarter des caractéristiques du produit
unique de manière significative.
Le présent document ne définit aucun essai obligatoire pour les produits définis dans le
domaine d'application.
L'établissement de limites pour les champs électromagnétiques générés par les équipements
et la définition de méthodes d'évaluation de l'exposition humaine aux champs
électromagnétiques ne relèvent pas du contenu ni de l'objet du présent document.

1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'IEC 62271 fournit des recommandations pratiques pour l'évaluation et
la documentation des champs électromagnétiques à fréquence industrielle en régime établi
externes qui sont générés par les ensembles d'appareillages et les postes préfabriqués HT.
Les exigences élémentaires pour le mesurage ou le calcul des champs électriques et
magnétiques sont récapitulées pour les ensembles couverts par l'IEC 62271-200 et
l'IEC 62271-201 et pour les postes préfabriqués couverts par l'IEC 62271-202.
NOTE 1 Les méthodes décrites dans le présent document s'appliquent aux équipements triphasés. Toutefois, la
méthodologie peut être utilisée respectivement pour tout équipement monophasé ou multiphasé couvert par le
présent document.
Le présent document s'applique aux équipements assignés pour des tensions supérieures à
1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV et des fréquences industrielles comprises entre 15 Hz et
60 Hz. Les champs électromagnétiques qui sont générés par des harmoniques ou des
transitoires ne sont pas pris en compte dans le présent document. Toutefois, les méthodes
décrites s'appliquent également aux champs harmoniques de la fréquence industrielle.
L'IEC 61786-1 et l'IEC 61786-2 fournissent des informations génériques détaillées concernant
les exigences et les mesurages des champs électromagnétiques à basse fréquence.
Le présent document traite de l'évaluation dans les conditions d'usine ou de laboratoire avant
l'installation. Les champs électriques et magnétiques peuvent être évalués par des mesurages
ou par des calculs.
NOTE 2 Lorsque cela est possible, les méthodes décrites dans le présent document peuvent également être
utilisées pour les installations sur site.
La spécification de valeurs limites pour les champs électromagnétiques ou de méthodes
d'évaluation de l'exposition humaine ne relève pas du domaine d'application du présent
document.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie
de leur contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule
l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de
référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
IEC 61000-6-2, Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 6-2: Normes génériques -
Immunité pour les environnements industriels
IEC 61786-1, Mesure de champs magnétiques continus et de champs magnétiques et
électriques alternatifs dans la plage de fréquences de 1 Hz à 100 kHz dans leur rapport à
l'exposition humaine - Partie 1: Exigences applicables aux instruments de mesure
IEC 61786-2, Mesure de champs magnétiques continus et de champs magnétiques et
électriques alternatifs dans la plage de fréquences de 1 Hz à 100 kHz dans leur rapport à
l'exposition humaine - Partie 2: Norme de base pour les mesures
IEC 62271-200, Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 200: Appareillage sous enveloppe
métallique pour courant alternatif de tensions assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou
égales à 52 kV
IEC 62271-201, Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 201: Appareillage sous enveloppe
isolante pour courant alternatif de tensions assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou
égales à 52 kV
IEC 62271-202, Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 202: Postes préfabriqués pour courant
alternatif de tensions assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées
en normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
– IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
champ électromagnétique
champ EM
champ, déterminé par un ensemble de quatre grandeurs vectorielles reliées entre elles, qui
caractérise, avec la densité de courant électrique et la charge électrique volumique, les états
électrique et magnétique d'un milieu matériel ou du vide
Note 1 à l'article: Les quatre grandeurs vectorielles reliées entre elles, qui vérifient les équations de Maxwell, sont
par convention:
• le champ électrique E,
• l'induction électrique D,
• le champ magnétique H,
• l'induction magnétique B.
Note 2 à l'article: Cette définition du champ électromagnétique est valable dans la mesure où certains des aspects
quantiques des phénomènes électromagnétiques peuvent être négligés.
Note 3 à l'article: Le champ électromagnétique peut comprendre des composantes statiques, qui sont le champ
électrostatique et le champ magnétostatique, et des composantes variables dans le temps qui représentent des
ondes électromagnétiques.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:2021 [1],121-11-61]
3.2
caractéristique du champ électrique
valeurs (efficaces) et distribution spatiale de l'intensité du champ électrique (E) exprimée en
kV/m à la tension et à la fréquence assignées autour de l'ensemble des surfaces accessibles
de l'équipement
Note 1 à l'article: La caractéristique du champ électrique est la résultante des valeurs efficaces des trois
composantes vectorielles orthogonales.
3.3
caractéristique du champ magnétique
valeurs (efficaces) et distribution spatiale de l'intensité du champ magnétique (H) exprimée en
A/m ou du flux d'induction magnétique (B) exprimé en μT, au courant continu assigné et à la
fréquence assignés autour de l'ensemble des surfaces accessibles de l'équipement
Note 1 à l'article: La caractéristique du champ magnétique est la résultante des valeurs efficaces des trois
composantes vectorielles orthogonales.
Note 2 à l'article: Les termes "champ électrique résultant" et "champ magnétique résultant" sont définis dans
l'IEC 61786-1 et l'IEC 61786-2.
3.4
surfaces accessibles, pl.
parties des murs et du toit des postes préfabriqués ou des ensembles d'appareillages HT qui
peuvent être touchées avec tous les capots et toutes les portes en position fermée dans les
conditions de service normales
3.5
surface de référence
RS
enveloppe virtuelle qui renferme l'équipement à des fins d'évaluation
Note 1 à l'article: L'abréviation "RS" est dérivée du terme anglais développé correspondant "reference surface".
3.6
surface de mesure
MS
enveloppe virtuelle définie à l'extérieur de la surface de référence à une distance de 20 cm pour
le mesurage des points chauds
Note 1 à l'article: L'abréviation "MS" est dérivée du terme anglais développé correspondant "measurement surface".
3.7
point chaud
centre d'une surface présentant une valeur locale maximale du champ électrique ou magnétique
à la surface de mesure
3.8
caractéristique du champ EM
distribution spatiale de la caractéristique du champ électrique et du champ magnétique
Note 1 à l'article: La distribution spatiale est déterminée à partir d'une grille de mesure ou de calcul.
3.9
volume de mesure
MV
espace virtuel dans lequel le champ de fond électromagnétique ne dépasse pas un niveau
approprié pour permettre le mesurage sans influence des champs électriques et magnétiques
générés par l'ensemble d'appareillage haute tension ou par le poste préfabriqué
Note 1 à l'article: L'abréviation "MV" est dérivée du terme anglais développé correspondant "measurement volume".
3.10
plan de mesure
MP
plan horizontal virtuel à une hauteur spécifique au-dessus du niveau du plancher sur lequel les
points de mesure sont relevés
Note 1 à l'article: L'abréviation "MP" est dérivée du terme anglais développé correspondant "measurement plane".
3.11
isoligne
ligne de la caractéristique du champ électrique ou magnétique constante sur plan de mesure
4 Exigences en matière d'évaluation
4.1 Généralités
La caractéristique du champ EM des ensembles d'appareillages HT ou des postes
préfabriqués HT/BT correspond à l'intensité du champ électrique et au flux l'induction
magnétique mesurés ou calculés autour de l'ensemble des surfaces accessibles, dans les
conditions d'évaluation décrites ci-dessous. Ces conditions représentent le service où le
chargement des ensembles d'appareillages et, dans un poste, du transformateur de puissance
s'effectue à des valeurs définies.
Étant donné que les champs électriques et magnétiques sont dépendants de la disposition
physique des câbles entrants et sortants et de leurs charges, ces paramètres doivent être
enregistrés. La présence d'autres sources de champ et d'un blindage ou d'autres structures
métalliques doit être enregistrée.
Les enregistrements doivent être réalisés de manière à indiquer clairement les charges, les
caractéristiques des matériaux et la configuration géométrique (y compris les distances
métriques).
La caractéristique du champ EM doit être évaluée par rapport aux conditions qui entraîneraient
les niveaux les plus élevés de champs électriques et magnétiques en service normal et non
perturbé. Ces conditions incluent les courants les plus élevés et les boucles les plus grandes
qu'il serait possible d'observer de manière réaliste à travers l'ensemble lorsque celui-ci
fonctionne à sa capacité maximale. Les champs EM générés par les opérations de
commutation, y compris l'interruption des courants de défaut, ou par d'autres phénomènes
transitoires sont considérés comme mineurs et ne doivent pas être pris en compte.
L'intensité du champ électrique et le flux d'induction magnétique doivent être enregistrés
comme la résultante des valeurs efficaces des trois composantes vectorielles orthogonales.
L'évaluation doit être effectuée à la fréquence assignée de l'équipement.
Toutefois, dans la plage de fréquences de 15 Hz à 60 Hz, la valeur réelle de la fréquence n'a
pas d'incidence significative sur les niveaux de champ électriques générés pour des valeurs de
tension données. Par conséquent, une évaluation à toute fréquence inférieure ou égale à 60 Hz
est considérée comme valable.
De même, la différence d'affaiblissement des champs magnétiques par des enceintes
métalliques à 50 Hz et 60 Hz peut être ignorée pour les besoins du présent document. Par
conséquent, l'évaluation à 50 Hz est considérée comme également applicable à 60 Hz et
réciproquement.
Dans la plage de fréquences industrielles couverte par le présent document, les champs
électriques et magnétiques peuvent être traités séparément. Lors du choix des conditions
permettant d'obtenir le niveau le plus élevé de champs électriques et magnétiques de manière
la plus réaliste possible en service non perturbé, il convient de prendre en compte les
paragraphes suivants.
4.2 Méthodes d'évaluation
La caractéristique du champ EM peut être évaluée par mesurage ou par calcul.
4.3 Évaluation des champs électriques
4.3.1 Ensembles HT
L'équipement doit être évalué à la tension assignée des ensembles d'appareillages HT.
Les résultats doivent être extrapolés à la valeur assignée uniquement si l'évaluation ne peut
pas être effectuée à la tension assignée. Étant donné que l'intensité du champ électrique est
une fonction linéaire de la tension, les intensités de champ pour différentes hautes tensions
peuvent être extrapolées de manière linéaire.
4.3.2 Postes préfabriqués HT/BT
L'équipement doit être évalué à la haute tension assignée du ou des transformateurs de
puissance HT/BT.
Les résultats doivent être extrapolés à la valeur assignée uniquement si l'évaluation ne peut
pas être effectuée à la tension assignée. Étant donné que l'intensité du champ électrique est
une fonction linéaire de la tension, les intensités de champ pour différentes hautes tensions
peuvent être extrapolées de manière linéaire.
4.4 Évaluation des champs magnétiques
4.4.1 Ensembles HT
Pour évaluer le champ magnétique d'un ensemble HT, utiliser le courant continu assigné
indiqué sur la plaque signalétique de l'appareillage. Le circuit HT doit être choisi de manière à
former la boucle de courant la plus large possible entre les unités fonctionnelles (panneaux)
entrantes et sortantes des ensembles d'appareillages afin d'obtenir le champ magnétique
maximal en utilisant le plus petit nombre de circuits, en tenant compte de leur courant continu
assigné. La Figure 1 fournit un exemple.
Si l'évaluation ne peut pas être effectuée au courant continu assigné, les résultats doivent être
extrapolés à la valeur assignée. Étant donné que l'effet de saturation est moins prononcé sous
des courants d'intensité plus faible, il est admis d'effectuer une extrapolation de valeurs
supérieures à partir de valeurs inférieures, car cela ne peut entraîner qu'une surestimation du
champ B.
Légende
I = courant de boucle le plus élevé de l'ensemble HT
I = courant de boucle HT/BT (côté HT
I = courant de boucle le plus élevé HT/BT (côté BT)
I = courant le plus élevé HT/BT (BT sortant)
Figure 1 – Exemple de configuration des circuits d'essai pour obtenir
le champ magnétique externe maximal d'un ensemble HT ou d'un poste préfabriqué
4.4.2 Postes préfabriqués HT/BT
Pour l'ensemble HT, le 4.4.1 s'applique.
L'ensemble d'appareillage BT et le transformateur de puissance doivent être soumis au courant
continu le plus élevé obtenu à partir de la puissance assignée du poste préfabriqué et avec le
courant assigné BT le plus élevé du transformateur de puissance correspondant pour un
niveau BT donné. Le circuit doit être configuré de manière à former la concentration de courants
la plus élevée pour obtenir le champ magnétique maximal. Pour cela, il est possible d'utiliser le
plus petit nombre de circuits en choisissant ceux qui sont situés le plus près de l'enveloppe du
poste préfabriqué et en prenant en compte leurs courants continus assignés. La Figure 1 fournit
un exemple.
NOTE S’agissant des différents courants continus assignés, voir l’/les article(s) pertinent(s) dans l’IEC 62271-202.
Si l'évaluation ne peut pas être effectuée à la puissance assignée pour un niveau BT donné,
les résultats doivent être extrapolés à la valeur assignée. Étant donné que l'effet de saturation
est moins prononcé sous des courants d'intensité plus faible, il est admis d'effectuer une
extrapolation de valeurs supérieures à partir de valeurs inférieures, car cela ne peut entraîner
qu'une surestimation du champ B.
L'extrapolation des valeurs des champs magnétiques n'est pas admise si les courants des côtés
HT et BT du poste préfabriqué varient de manière indépendante.
5 Mesurages
5.1 Généralités
À la fréquence industrielle, les champs électriques et magnétiques sont indépendants. Il n'est
donc pas nécessaire d'enregistrer simultanément les caractéristiques de flux d'induction
magnétique et d'intensité du champ électrique.
La caractéristique du champ électrique de l'équipement est indépendante du courant de charge.
La caractéristique du champ magnétique de l'équipement est indépendante de la tension.
NOTE Des recommandations sur les procédures de mesure des champs électriques et magnétiques sont également
disponibles dans l'IEC 62110 [2] , l'IEC 61786-1 et l'IEC 61786-2.
5.2 Instruments de mesure
Les instruments de mesure des champs électriques et magnétiques doivent respecter les
exigences de spécification et d'étalonnage définies dans l'IEC 61786-1 et l'IEC 61786-2. Le
rapport d'étalonnage doit être traçable par rapport aux normes nationales ou internationales. Il
convient d'utiliser ces instruments dans les conditions appropriées, notamment en ce qui
concerne:
• l'immunité électromagnétique selon l'IEC 61000-6-2;
• l'immunité du champ électrique de fréquence industrielle sur le mesurage du champ
magnétique;
• les plages de température et d'humidité recommandées par le fabricant de l'instrument.
Un instrument à trois axes mesure les valeurs efficaces du champ F résultant. Un instrument
r
à un axe peut être utilisé pour déterminer F en mesurant F , F , et F , à l'aide de la Formule (1),
r x y z
où F , F et F sont les valeurs efficaces des composantes à trois axes orthogonales d'un champ
x y z
électrique ou magnétique.
2 22
F FFF++ (1)
r x yz
L'utilisation d'un instrument à trois axes avec trois capteurs concentriques est préférentielle.
Toutefois, si un instrument à un axe est utilisé, il convient d'accorder une attention particulière
à l'orientation du capteur dans les trois directions orthogonales. L'orientation du capteur doit
être modifiée sans déplacer la position de son centre.
Dans le cas de capteurs non concentriques, l'emplacement et l'orientation des capteurs
contenus dans les boîtiers des appareils de mesure de champ doivent être clairement indiqués
sur l'instrument ou dans la notice d'utilisation.
___________
Les chiffres entre crochets se réfèrent à la Bibliographie.
=
Lors de l'évaluation du champ magnétique généré par les ensembles HT et les postes
préfabriqués HT/BT, la distance entre la source de champ et l'instrument de mesure est
relativement courte (par rapport à d'autres équipements d'alimentation en courant alternatif
comme les lignes aériennes). En général, les mesurages sont effectués dans des champs non
uniformes. Pour les mesurages du champ magnétique, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte
le rapport de distance (d ) entre la source de champ et le rayon du capteur (a). Pour les
sc
mesurages effectués à l'aide d'un instrument à trois axes, un rapport minimal de 4 est considéré
comme approprié.
Par exemple, lorsqu'une sonde d'un rayon de 5 cm est utilisée, la distance minimale par rapport
à la source de champ est de 20 cm, en prenant un rapport de 4. Pour plus d'informations, voir
l'IEC 61786-1 et l'IEC 61786-2.
5.3 Procédures de mesure
5.3.1 Généralités
Si des procédures de mesure sont utilisées, l'une des méthodes suivantes doit être utilisée:
a) procédure de mesure par points chauds, ou
b) procédure de mesure par isoligne.
5.3.2 Généralités
Pour prendre en compte les équipements de toutes les formes, une enveloppe virtuelle
contenant l'équipement est définie comme la surface de référence (RS); voir la Figure 2. La RS
a pour objet d'intégrer les irrégularités et d'éliminer les variations brutales de la surface de
mesure (MS). La MS est définie à l'extérieur de la RS à une distance de 20 cm.
NOTE Une distance de mesure comprise entre 10 cm et 20 cm correspond à la distance entre le centre du corps
d'une personne et une surface accessible lorsqu'une personne s'appuie contre celle-ci. Compte tenu des dimensions
pratiques des sondes de champ et de la distance nécessaire pour éviter un contact direct de la sonde avec la surface
accessible, une valeur de 20 cm est considérée comme la distance de mesure minimale. Certaines réglementations
nationales ainsi que l'IEC 62110 [2] reposent sur cette distance.
Les éléments saillants (poignées, par exemple) ne doivent pas être pris en compte.
Légende
1 surface de l'équipement
2 surface de mesure (MS)
3 surface de référence (RS)
d distance entre l'équipement et la surface de mesure (20 cm)
Figure 2 – Surface de référence (RS) et surface de mesure (MS)
pour les équipements de forme irrégulière
5.3.3 Procédure de mesure par points chauds
5.3.3.1 Champ électrique
La ou les valeurs maximales du champ électrique sur la surface de mesure accessible doivent
être déterminées en effectuant d'abord un balayage sur une grille grossière afin d'identifier les
régions du champ maximal, puis en affinant la grille pour identifier les emplacements des points
chauds. Voir aussi la Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Zones de balayage pour l'identification des points chauds
La variation du champ électrique doit être déterminée en fonction de la distance par rapport à
la MS. À partir de chaque point chaud, les valeurs du champ doivent être mesurées le long
d'une ligne perpendiculaire à la MS jusqu'à ce que la valeur mesurée soit inférieure à
1/10 (-20 dB) de la valeur du point chaud; voir la Figure 4. Des mesurages supplémentaires
peuvent être effectués pour respecter des exigences spécifiques (par exemple, pour un client
ou un pays).
NOTE Les équipements relevant du domaine d'application du présent document ne sont pas présumés générer de
champs électriques significatifs. Toutefois, le présent document vise à fournir des recommandations pour le
mesurage de ces champs lorsque les fabricants et les utilisateurs l'exigent.
Figure 4 – Détermination de la variation du champ en fonction
de la distance par rapport aux emplacements des points chauds
(perpendiculairement à la surface de référence)
5.3.3.2 Champ magnétique
La ou les valeurs maximales du champ magnétique sur la MS doivent être déterminées en
effectuant d'abord un balayage sur une grille grossière afin d'identifier les régions du champ
maximal, puis en affinant la grille pour identifier les emplacements des points chauds. Voir
aussi la Figure 3.
La variation du champ magnétique doit être déterminée en fonction de la distance par rapport
à la MS. À partir de chaque point chaud, les valeurs du champ doivent être mesurées le long
d'une ligne perpendiculaire à la MS jusqu'à ce que la valeur mesurée soit inférieure à 1/10
(-20 dB) de la valeur du point chaud; voir la Figure 4. Des mesurages supplémentaires peuvent
être effectués pour respecter des exigences spécifiques (par exemple, pour un client ou un
pays).
5.3.3.3 Champs de fond
Avant les mesurages, le niveau de champ de fond doit être mesuré, l'équipement étant hors
tension, pour détecter les perturbations externes importantes à l'avance. Le cas échéant, les
précautions nécessaires peuvent être prises avant
...


IEC 62271-208 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -
Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency electromagnetic
fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV prefabricated
substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

Appareillage à haute tension -
Partie 208: Méthodes de quantification des champs électromagnétiques à
fréquence industrielle en régime établi générés par les ensembles
d'appareillages HT et les postes préfabriqués HT/BT, à la fois pour les tensions
assignées supérieures à 1 kV et inférieures ou égales à 52 kV
ICS 29.130.10  ISBN 978-2-8327-0887-3

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Evaluation requirements . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Methods of evaluation . 9
4.3 Evaluation of electric fields . 9
4.3.1 HV assemblies . 9
4.3.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations . 9
4.4 Evaluation of magnetic fields . 9
4.4.1 HV assemblies . 9
4.4.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations . 10
5 Measurements. 11
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Measuring instruments . 11
5.3 Measurement procedures . 12
5.3.1 General. 12
5.3.2 General. 12
5.3.3 Hot spot measurement procedure . 13
5.3.4 Isoline measurement procedure . 17
5.4 Measurement set-up . 18
5.4.1 General. 18
5.4.2 Hot spot measurement set-up. 18
5.4.3 Isoline measurement set-up . 20
5.4.4 External connections . 21
5.4.5 Additional provisions for HV/LV prefabricated substations . 22
6 Calculations . 22
6.1 General . 22
6.2 Software . 22
6.3 Calculation procedures . 23
6.4 Results . 23
6.5 Validation . 23
7 Documentation . 24
7.1 General . 24
7.2 Characteristics of the HV assembly or prefabricated substation . 24
7.3 Evaluation method . 24
7.4 Presentation of the measurement results . 24
7.5 Presentation of the calculation results . 25
Annex A (informative) Presentation of E- or B-field measurement data – Examples for
a typical HV/LV prefabricated substation . 26
A.1 Presentation of hot spot B-field measurement results . 26
A.1.1 General. 26
A.1.2 Hot spot locations . 27
A.1.3 Hot spot locations with its E- or B-field values . 27
A.1.4 Field variation around substation at hot spot locations . 28
A.1.5 Variation of the E- or B-field as a function of the distance . 28
A.1.6 Background fields . 29
A.2 Presentation of isoline E- or B-field measurement results . 29
A.2.1 Location of measurement points on isoline . 29
A.2.2 Background fields . 30
A.2.3 Example of an isoline measurement on a 1 600 kVA power transformer
substation . 31
Annex B (informative) Examples of analytical solutions to benchmark EMF
calculations . 32
B.1 Magnetic field . 32
B.2 Electric field . 41
Bibliography . 51

Figure 1 – Example of test circuits configuration to obtain the maximum external
magnetic field of a HV assembly or a prefabricated substation . 10
Figure 2 – Reference surface (RS) and measurement surface (MS) for equipment of
irregular shape . 13
Figure 3 – Scanning areas to find the hot spots . 14
Figure 4 – Determination of the field variation as a function of the distance from the hot
spot locations (perpendicular to the reference surface) . 15
Figure 5 – Height of measurement plane . 17
Figure 6 – Example of test circuit for electric and magnetic field measurement . 19
Figure 7 – Example of hot spot test set-up with measurement results. 20
Figure 8 – Example of isoline test set-up with measurement results . 21
Figure A.1 – Hot spot locations representing the field maxima . 27
Figure A.2 – Example diagram for the field variation at hot spots . 28
Figure A.3 – Graphical presentation of the field variation . 29
Figure A.4 – Graphical presentation of measurement points on isoline . 30
Figure A.5 – Isoline of 10 µT for a 1 600 kVA substation . 31
Figure B.1 – Schematic for 3-phase magnetic field calculation . 32
Figure B.2 – Variation of resultant magnetic field around 3-phase cable . 35
Figure B.3 – Maximum resultant magnetic field around 3-phase cable . 36
Figure B.4 – Schematic for 3-phase electric field calculation . 41
Figure B.5 – Variation of resultant electric field around 3-phase cable. 44
Figure B.6 – Maximum resultant electric field around 3-phase cable . 46

Table A.1 – Listing of the hot spot coordinates . 28
Table A.2 – Variation of field values for one hot spot . 29
Table A.3 – Background fields . 29
Table A.4 – Listing of the location (coordinates) of the measurement points . 30
Table A.5 – Background fields . 31
Table B.1 – Values of H [A/m] for spatial angles θ and time angles ωt . 35
res
Table B.2 – Values of maximum H [A/m] for spatial angles θ. 37
res
Table B.3 – Values of E [V/m] for spatial angles θ and time angles ωt . 45
res
Table B.4 – Values of maximum E for spatial angles θ . 46
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -
Part 208: Methods to quantify the steady state, power-frequency
electromagnetic fields generated by HV switchgear assemblies and HV/LV
prefabricated substations, both for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to
and including 52 kV
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62271-208 document has been prepared by subcommittee 17C: High-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies, of IEC technical committee 17: Switchgear and controlgear.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TR 62271-208, published in 2009.
This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the isoline measurement procedure is introduced and compared to the hot spot one when it
is required as a measurement for the characterization of a generated electromagnetic field.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
17C/977/FDIS 17C/983/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62271 series, under the general title High-voltage switchgear
and controlgear, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
INTRODUCTION
Manufacturers of electricity supply equipment can be asked to provide information about the
electromagnetic field characteristics to enable the user to
• assess the electromagnetic field conditions to assist with planning, installation, operating
instructions and service,
• take measures to meet requirements or regulations on electromagnetic fields,
• compare different products as far as their level of electromagnetic fields is concerned.
The purpose of this document is to describe a methodology for the evaluation (measurement or
calculation) of generated electromagnetic fields. In particular, if a measurement is required, hot
spot and isolines procedures are introduced and described.
The electromagnetic field characteristic of the equipment comprises the values of the electric
and the magnetic fields around its accessible surfaces.
The electromagnetic field characteristic defined in this document refers to a single product as
defined in the scope. In real installations, several field sources can superimpose, so the
resulting electromagnetic fields on site can differ significantly from the single product
characteristics.
This document does not define a mandatory test for the products mentioned in the scope.
Neither the establishment of limits for the electromagnetic fields generated by equipment, nor
the establishment of assessment methods for the human exposure to electromagnetic fields are
within the content or intent of this document.

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62271 gives practical guidance for the evaluation and documentation of the
external steady state power-frequency electromagnetic fields which are generated by HV
switchgear and controlgear assemblies and prefabricated substations. Basic requirements to
measure or calculate the electric and magnetic fields are summarised for assemblies covered
by IEC 62271-200 and IEC 62271-201, and for prefabricated substations covered by
IEC 62271-202.
NOTE 1 The methods described in this document refer to three-phase equipment. However, the methodology can
be used correspondingly for any single- or multi-phase equipment covered by this document.
This document applies to equipment rated for voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV
and power-frequencies from 15 Hz to 60 Hz. The electromagnetic fields which are generated
by harmonics or transients are not considered in this document. However, the methods
described are equally applicable to the harmonic fields of the power-frequency.
Detailed generic information on requirements and measurements of low-frequency
electromagnetic fields is given in IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
This document covers evaluation under factory or laboratory conditions before installation. The
electric and the magnetic fields can be evaluated either by measurements or by calculations.
NOTE 2 Where practicable, the methods described in this document can also be used for installations on site.
It is not within the scope of this document to specify limit values of electromagnetic fields or
methods for the assessment of human exposure.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity
for industrial environments
IEC 61786-1, Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz to
100 kHz with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 1: Requirements for measuring
instruments
IEC 61786-2, Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz to
100 kHz with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 2: Basic standard for measurements
IEC 62271-200, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 200: AC metal-enclosed
switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-201, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 201: AC solid-insulation-
enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including
52 kV
IEC 62271-202, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 202: AC prefabricated
substations for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
electromagnetic field
EMF
field, determined by a set of four interrelated vector quantities, that characterizes, together with
the electric current density and the volumic electric charge, the electric and magnetic conditions
of a material medium or of a vacuum
Note 1 to entry: The four interrelated vector quantities, which obey Maxwell’s equations, are by convention:
• the electric field strength E,
• the electric flux density D,
• the magnetic field strength H,
• the magnetic flux density B.
Note 2 to entry: This definition of electromagnetic field is valid in so far as certain quantum aspects of
electromagnetic phenomena can be neglected.
Note 3 to entry: An electromagnetic field can include static components, i.e. an electrostatic field and a
magnetostatic field, and time-varying components representing electromagnetic waves.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:2021 [1],121-11-61]
3.2
electric field characteristic
values (RMS) and spatial distribution of the electric field strength (E) expressed in kV/m at rated
voltage and frequency around all accessible surfaces of the equipment
Note 1 to entry: The electric field characteristic is the resultant of the RMS values of the three orthogonal vector
components.
3.3
magnetic field characteristic
values (RMS) and spatial distribution of the magnetic field strength (H) expressed in A/m or the
magnetic flux density (B) expressed in µT, at rated continuous current and frequency around all
accessible surfaces of the equipment
Note 1 to entry: The magnetic field characteristic is the resultant of the RMS values of the three orthogonal vector
components.
Note 2 to entry: The terms “resultant electric field” and “resultant magnetic field” are defined in IEC 61786-1 and
IEC 61786-2.
3.4
accessible surfaces, pl.
those parts of the walls and roof of prefabricated substations or HV switchgear and controlgear
assemblies that can be touched with all covers and doors in closed position in normal service
conditions
3.5
reference surface
RS
virtual envelope containing the equipment for evaluation purposes
3.6
measurement surface
MS
virtual envelope defined outside the reference surface at 20 cm distance for measuring hot
spots
3.7
hot spot
centre of an area of a local maximum of the electric or the magnetic field at the measurement
surface
3.8
EMF characteristic
spatial distribution of the electric field characteristic and of the magnetic field characteristic
Note 1 to entry: The spatial distribution is derived from a measurement or calculation grid.
3.9
measurement volume
MV
virtual space in which the electromagnetic background field does not exceed an appropriate
level to permit the uninfluenced measurement of the electric and magnetic fields generated by
the high-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly or the prefabricated substation
3.10
measurement plane
MP
horizontal virtual plane on a specific height above floor level on which the measurement points
are taken
3.11
isoline
line of constant electric or magnetic field characteristic on a measurement plane
4 Evaluation requirements
4.1 General
The EMF characteristic of HV switchgear and controlgear assemblies or HV/LV prefabricated
substations is the measured or calculated electric field strength and magnetic flux density
around all accessible surfaces under the conditions for evaluation described below. These
conditions represent the service, where the loading of the switchgear and controlgear
assemblies and, in a substation, of the power transformer is at defined values.
As the electric and magnetic fields are dependent on the physical arrangement of incoming and
outgoing cables and their loadings, these parameters have to be recorded. The presence of
other field sources and shielding or other metallic structures shall be recorded.
The recordings shall be carried out in such a way that the loadings, material characteristics,
and geometrical configuration (including metric distances) are clearly indicated.
The EMF characteristic shall be evaluated for the conditions that would result in the highest
levels of electric and magnetic fields in normal, undisturbed service. These conditions include
the highest currents and largest loops realistically possible through the assembly working at
maximum capacity. EMF caused by switching operations, including interruption of fault currents,
or other transient phenomena is deemed to be incidental and shall not be considered.
Electric field strength and magnetic flux density shall be recorded as the resultant of the RMS
values of the three orthogonal vector components.
The evaluation shall be carried out at the rated frequency of the equipment.
However, in the frequency range from 15 Hz up to and including 60 Hz the actual value of
frequency does not significantly affect the levels of generated electric fields for any given values
of voltage. Therefore, evaluation at any frequency up to and including 60 Hz is considered valid.
Similarly, the difference in attenuation of magnetic fields by metallic enclosures at 50 Hz and
60 Hz can be ignored for the purpose of this document. Therefore, evaluation at 50 Hz is
considered applicable also for 60 Hz and vice versa.
In the power-frequency range covered by this document the electric and magnetic fields can be
treated separately. When selecting the conditions to obtain the highest level of electric and
magnetic fields as realistically as possible in undisturbed service, the following subclauses
should be considered.
4.2 Methods of evaluation
The EMF characteristic can be evaluated by measurement or by calculation.
4.3 Evaluation of electric fields
4.3.1 HV assemblies
The equipment shall be evaluated at the rated voltage of the HV switchgear and controlgear
assemblies.
Only if the evaluation cannot be carried out at rated voltage, the results shall be extrapolated
to the rated value. Since the electric field strength is a linear function of the voltage, the field
strengths for different high voltages can be extrapolated linearly.
4.3.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations
The equipment shall be evaluated at the rated high voltage of the HV/LV power transformer(s).
Only if the evaluation cannot be carried out at rated voltage, the results shall be extrapolated
to the rated value. Since the electric field strength is a linear function of the voltage, the field
strengths for different high voltages can be extrapolated linearly.
4.4 Evaluation of magnetic fields
4.4.1 HV assemblies
To evaluate the HV assembly magnetic field, use the rated continuous current given on the
switchgear nameplate. The HV circuit shall be selected to form the widest possible current loop
between the incoming and outgoing functional units (panels) of the switchgear and controlgear
assemblies to obtain the maximum magnetic field by using the smallest number of circuits,
taking into account their rated continuous current. An example is shown in Figure 1.
If the evaluation cannot be carried out at the rated continuous current the results shall be
extrapolated to the rated value. Any saturation effect will be less pronounced at lower currents,
therefore extrapolation from lower to higher values of current is allowed since it can only result
in an overestimate of the B-field.
Key
I = HV assembly highest loop current
I = HV/LV loop (HV side) current
I = HV/LV loop (LV side) highest current
I = HV/LV (LV outgoing) highest current
Figure 1 – Example of test circuits configuration to obtain the maximum external
magnetic field of a HV assembly or a prefabricated substation
4.4.2 HV/LV prefabricated substations
For the HV assembly, 4.4.1 applies.
The LV switchgear and controlgear assembly and the power transformer shall be loaded with
the highest continuous current derived from the rated power of the prefabricated substation and
the highest LV rated current of the corresponding power transformer for a given LV level. The
circuit shall be configured to form the highest concentration of currents to obtain the maximum
magnetic field. This can be achieved by using the smallest number of circuits, choosing those
located closest to the enclosure of the prefabricated substation and taking into account their
rated continuous currents. An example is shown in Figure 1.
NOTE Regarding different rated continuous currents, see relevant clause(s) in IEC 62271-202.
If the evaluation cannot be carried out at the rated power for a given LV level, the results shall
be extrapolated to the rated value. Any saturation effect will be less pronounced at lower
currents, therefore extrapolation from lower to higher values of current is allowed since it can
only result in an overestimate of the B-field.
The extrapolation of magnetic field values is not permitted if the currents on the HV and LV
sides of the prefabricated substation vary independently.
5 Measurements
5.1 General
At power-frequency the electric and magnetic field are independent from each other. Hence, it
is not necessary to record magnetic flux density and electric field strength characteristic
simultaneously.
The electric field characteristic of the equipment is independent of the load current.
The magnetic field characteristic of the equipment is independent of the voltage.
NOTE General guidance on measurement procedures for electric and magnetic fields can also be found in
IEC 62110 [2] , and IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
5.2 Measuring instruments
Instruments for measuring electric and magnetic fields shall meet the requirements of
specification and calibration given by IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2. The calibration report shall
be traceable to national or international standards. These instruments should be used in
appropriate conditions, in particular with regard to
• electromagnetic immunity according to IEC 61000-6-2,
• immunity of power-frequency electric field on magnetic field measurement,
• temperature and humidity ranges as recommended by the instrument manufacturer.
A three-axis instrument measures RMS values of resultant field F . A single-axis instrument can
r
be used to obtain F by measuring F , F , and F , using Formula (1), where F , F and F are
r x y z x y z
RMS values of the orthogonal three-axis components of electric or magnetic field.
2 22
F FFF++ (1)
r x yz
The use of a three-axis instrument with three concentric sensors is preferred. However, if a
single-axis instrument is used, special attention should be paid to the orientation of the sensor
along three orthogonal directions. The orientation of the sensor shall be changed without
moving the position of its centre.
In the case of non-concentric sensors, the locations and orientations of the sensors that are
contained within the housings of field meters shall be clearly indicated on the instrument or in
the instruction manual.
During the evaluation of the magnetic field generated by HV assemblies and HV/LV
prefabricated substations, the distance between the field source and the measuring instrument
is relatively short (in comparison to other AC power equipment like overhead lines). In general,
the measurements will be carried out in non-uniform fields. In case of the magnetic field
measurement, it is necessary to consider the ratio of distance (d ) from the field source and
sc
sensor radius (a). For measurements with a three-axis instrument, a minimum ratio of 4 is
considered suitable.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
=
For example, when using a probe with radius 5 cm the minimum distance to the field source
would be 20 cm considering a ratio of 4. More information about this topic can be found in
IEC 61786-1 and IEC 61786-2.
5.3 Measurement procedures
5.3.1 General
If measurement procedures are used, one of the following methods shall be used:
a) hot spot measurement procedure, or
b) isoline measurement procedure.
5.3.2 General
To consider equipment of all kinds of shape, a virtual envelope containing the equipment is
defined as the reference surface (RS); see Figure 2. The purpose of the RS is to integrate
irregularities and to eliminate abrupt changes in the measurement surface (MS). The MS is
defined outside the RS at 20 cm distance.
NOTE A measurement distance between 10 cm and 20 cm corresponds to the distance from the centre of a person’s
body to an accessible surface when a person is leaning against it. Taking into account the practical sizes of field
probes and the necessary clearance to avoid direct contact of the probe with the accessible surface, 20 cm is
considered the minimum measurement distance. Some national regulations as well as IEC 62110 [2] take this
distance as their basis.
Protruding elements (for example handles) shall be disregarded.
Key
1 Equipment surface
2 Measurement surface (MS)
3 Reference surface (RS)
d Distance between equipment and measurement surface (20 cm)
Figure 2 – Reference surface (RS) and measurement surface (MS)
for equipment of irregular shape
5.3.3 Hot spot measurement procedure
5.3.3.1 Electric field
The maximum value(s) of the electric field over the accessible measurement surface shall be
found by first scanning on a coarse grid to find the regions of maximum field and then refining
the grid for the hot spot locations. See also Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Scanning areas to find the hot spots
The variation of the electric field shall be determined as a function of the distance from the MS.
Starting at each hot spot, the field values shall be measured along a line perpendicular to the
MS until the measured value is lower than 1/10 (–20 dB) of the hot spot value; see Figure 4.
Additional measurements can be carried out to fulfil specific requirements (e.g. for a client or
country).
NOTE Significant electric fields are not expected for the equipment in the scope of this document. However, it is
the intention of this document to give guidance for the measurement of these fields where manufacturers and users
require them.
Figure 4 – Determination of the field variation as a function of the distance from the hot
spot locations (perpendicular to the reference surface)
5.3.3.2 Magnetic field
The maximum value(s) of the magnetic field over the MS shall be found by first scanning on a
coarse grid to find the regions of maximum field and then refining the grid for the hot spot
locations. See also Figure 3.
The variation of the magnetic field shall be determined as a function of the distance from the
MS. Starting at each hot spot, the field values shall be measured along a line perpendicular to
the MS until the measured value is lower than 1/10 (–20 dB) of the hot spot value; see Figure 4.
Additional measurements can be carried out to fulfil specific requirements (e.g., for a client or
country).
5.3.3.3 Background fields
Before the measurements, the background field level shall be measured, with the equipment
switched off, to detect high external disturbances in advance. If any, necessary precautions can
be taken before the start of a series of measurements.
Immediately after the measurements, the equipment shall be switched off and the background
field level shall be measured and recorded.
By coarsely scanning the electric or magnetic field within the MV when voltage or current is
switched off, it shall be verified that the background field level is below 1/10 (–20 dB) of the
lowest value measured at any of the hot spots found during the live measurement.
Guidance on reducing the interfering background fields, caused by the external cables
connected to the test specimen, to a minimum, is given in 5.4.4.
5.3.3.4 Environmental factors
5.3.3.4.1 Electric field measurement
Environmental factors (e.g. humidity, temperature) have no significant influence on the electric
field. However, the electric field measuring instrument can be influenced significantly when the
humidity is sufficient to cause condensation on the sensor and the supporting structure. Thus,
the environmental factors shall be measured to ensure that the measuring instruments are used
within their specified environmental limits. Special attention should be paid to humidity.
Acceptable humidity limits for proper measurements are deemed to be
• 60 % relative humidity when using a normal tripod,
• 70 % relative humidity when using an offset tripod (measuring instrument shifted by 50 cm
form the vertical axis of the tripod).
If those limits are exceeded, the measurements shall be considered as conservative, due to the
fact that the values measured in high humidity are higher than those in lower humidity for the
same equipment excited with the same voltages.
Likewise, electric field measurements in rain conditions are inappropriate.
5.3.3.4.2 Magnetic field measurement
Environmental factors (e.g. humidity, temperature) have no significant influence on the
magnetic field. However, the environmental factors shall be measured to ensure that the
measuring instruments are being used within their specified environmental limits.
5.3.3.4.3 Other conditions
During electric field measurements, ob
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