IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2015

IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 37-013: Alternating-current generator circuit-breakers
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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –

Part 37-013: Alternating-current generator circuit-breakers

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.130.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-2871-5

– 2 – IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2015
© IEC/IEEE 2015
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 2
FOREWORD. 12
1 General . 14
1.1 Scope . 14
1.2 Normative references . 14
2 Normal and special service conditions . 15
2.1 Normal service conditions . 15
2.2 Special service conditions . 15
3 Terms and definitions . 15
3.1 General terms . 16
3.2 Assemblies of switchgear and controlgear . 18
3.3 Parts of assemblies . 18
3.4 Switching devices . 18
3.5 Parts of generator circuit-breakers . 20
3.6 Operation . 23
3.7 Characteristic quantities . 25
3.8 Index of definitions . 40
4 Ratings . 44
4.1 Rated voltage U . 44
r
4.2 Rated insulation level . 44
4.2.101 Dielectric strength . 45
4.2.102 Rated power frequency withstand voltage U . 45
d
4.2.103 Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage U . 45
p
4.3 Rated frequency f . 45
r
4.4 Rated normal current I and temperature rise . 45
r
4.4.1 Rated normal current I . 45
r
4.4.2 Temperature rise. 46
4.4.3 Particular points of Table 3 of IEC 62271-1:2007 . 46
4.4.101 Emergency current ratings during loss of cooling . 46
4.5 Rated short-time withstand current I . 47
k
4.6 Rated peak withstand current I . 47
p
4.7 Rated duration of short circuit t . 47
k
4.8 Rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and
control circuits U . 48
a
4.8.1 General . 48
4.8.2 Rated supply voltage U . 48
a
4.8.3 Tolerances . 48
4.8.4 Ripple voltage . 49
4.8.5 Voltage drop and supply interruption . 49
4.9 Rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and auxiliary circuits . 49
4.10 Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure
systems . 49
4.11 Rated filling levels for insulation, interruption and/or operation . 49
4.101 Rated short-circuit current . 50
4.101.1 General . 50
4.101.2 Rated system-source short-circuit breaking current . 50

© IEC/IEEE 2015
4.101.3 Rated generator-source short-circuit breaking current . 52
4.101.4 Rated single-phase-to-earth fault breaking current . 54
4.102 Rated peak short-circuit making current I . 54
MC
4.103 Rated load making and breaking current . 54
4.104 Rated out-of-phase making and breaking current . 55
4.105 Rated transient recovery voltage (TRV) related to the breaking currents . 55
4.105.1 Representation of TRV waves . 55
4.105.2 Rated values of TRV . 56
4.106 Standard operating sequence . 57
4.106.1 General . 57
4.106.2 Rated short-circuit current operating sequence . 58
4.106.3 Rated load current operating sequence . 58
4.106.4 Rated out-of-phase current operating sequence . 58
4.107 Rated time quantities . 58
4.107.1 General . 58
4.107.2 Rated break-time . 58
4.107.3 Rated minimum opening time . 59
4.108 Mechanical operation endurance capability classes M1 and M2 . 59
5 Design and construction . 59
5.1 Requirements for liquids in generator circuit-breakers . 59
5.2 Requirements for gases in generator circuit-breakers . 60
5.3 Earthing of generator circuit-breakers . 60
5.4 Auxiliary and control equipment . 60
5.5 Dependent power operation . 61
5.6 Stored energy operation . 61
5.7 Independent manual or power operation (independent unlatched operation) . 61
5.8 Operation of releases . 61
5.8.1 Shunt closing release . 61
5.8.2 Shunt opening release . 61
5.8.3 Capacitor operation of shunt releases . 61
5.8.4 Under-voltage release . 61
5.8.101 Multiple releases . 61
5.8.102 Operation limits of releases . 61
5.8.103 Power consumption of releases . 61
5.9 Low- and high-pressure interlocking devices . 62
5.10 Nameplates . 62
5.10.101 Accessories . 64
5.10.102 Modification of generator circuit-breakers . 64
5.11 Interlocking devices . 64
5.12 Position indication . 64
5.13 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures . 64
5.13.1 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection
of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects (IP coding) . 65
5.13.2 Protection against ingress of water (IP coding) . 65
5.13.3 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal
service conditions (IK coding) . 65
5.14 Creepage distances for outdoor insulators . 65
5.15 Gas and vacuum tightness . 65
5.16 Liquid tightness . 65

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© IEC/IEEE 2015
5.17 Fire hazard (flammability) . 65
5.18 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 65
5.19 X-ray emission . 65
5.20 Corrosion . 65
5.101 Requirements for simultaneity of poles during single closing and single
opening operations . 65
5.102 General requirement for operation . 66
5.103 Pressure limits of fluids for operation . 66
5.104 Vent outlets . 66
5.105 Warning labels . 66
5.106 Instructions . 66
6 Type tests . 67
6.1 General . 68
6.1.1 Grouping of tests . 68
6.1.2 Information for identification of specimens . 68
6.1.3 Information to be included in type-test reports . 68
6.2 Dielectric tests . 68
6.2.1 Ambient air conditions during tests . 68
6.2.2 Wet test procedure . 69
6.2.3 Condition of the generator circuit-breaker during dielectric tests . 69
6.2.4 Criteria to pass the test . 69
6.2.5 Application of test voltage and test conditions . 69
6.2.6 Tests of generator circuit-breakers of U ≤ 245 kV . 69
r
6.2.7 Tests of generator circuit-breakers of U > 245 kV . 70
r
6.2.8 Artificial pollution tests for outdoor insulators . 70
6.2.9 Partial discharge tests . 70
6.2.10 Dielectric tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 70
6.2.11 Voltage test as a condition check . 70
6.3 Radio interference voltage (r.i.v.) tests . 70
6.4 Measurement of the resistance of circuits . 71
6.4.1 Main circuit . 71
6.4.2 Auxiliary circuits . 71
6.5 Temperature-rise tests . 71
6.5.1 Conditions of the generator circuit-breaker to be tested . 71
6.5.2 Arrangement of the equipment . 71
6.5.3 Measurement of the temperature and the temperature rise . 73
6.5.4 Ambient air temperature . 73
6.5.5 Temperature-rise tests of the auxiliary and control equipment . 73
6.5.6 Interpretation of the temperature-rise tests . 74
6.5.101 Demonstrations of emergency conditions . 74
6.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests . 74
6.6.1 Arrangement of the generator circuit-breaker and of the test circuit . 74
6.6.2 Test current and duration . 74
6.6.3 Behaviour of generator circuit-breaker during test . 74
6.6.4 Conditions of generator circuit-breaker after test . 74
6.7 Verification of the degree of protection . 75
6.7.1 Verification of the IP coding . 75
6.7.2 Verification of the IK coding . 75
6.8 Tightness tests . 75

© IEC/IEEE 2015
6.9 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests . 75
6.10 Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 75
6.10.1 General . 75
6.10.2 Functional tests . 75
6.10.3 Electrical continuity of earthed metallic parts test . 75
6.10.4 Verification of the operational characteristics of auxiliary contacts . 75
6.10.5 Environmental tests . 75
6.10.6 Dielectric tests . 76
6.11 X-radiation test procedure for vacuum interrupters . 76
6.101 Mechanical and environmental tests . 76
6.101.1 Miscellaneous provisions for mechanical and environmental tests . 76
6.101.2 Mechanical operation test at ambient air temperature . 79
6.101.3 Low and high temperature tests . 81
6.101.4 Sound level tests . 85
6.102 Miscellaneous provisions for making and breaking tests . 85
6.102.1 General . 85
6.102.2 Number of test specimens . 86
6.102.3 Arrangement of generator circuit-breaker for tests . 86
6.102.4 General considerations concerning testing methods . 88
6.102.5 Synthetic tests . 94
6.102.6 No-load operations before tests . 94
6.102.7 Alternative operating mechanisms . 94
6.102.8 Behaviour of generator circuit-breaker during tests . 95
6.102.9 Condition of generator circuit-breaker after tests . 96
6.102.10 Demonstration of the most severe switching conditions . 98
6.102.11 Methods of determining prospective transient recovery voltage waves . 115
6.103 System-source short-circuit making and breaking tests . 115
6.103.1 Power factor of test circuit . 115
6.103.2 Frequency of test circuit . 115
6.103.3 Earthing of test circuit . 115
6.103.4 Connection of test circuit to generator circuit-breaker. 117
6.103.5 Applied voltage for system-source short-circuit making tests . 117
6.103.6 System-source short-circuit making current . 117
6.103.7 System-source short-circuit breaking current . 117
6.103.8 Transient recovery voltage (TRV) for system-source short-circuit
breaking tests . 118
6.103.9 Measurement of transient recovery voltage during test . 119
6.103.10 Power frequency recovery voltage . 119
6.103.11 System-source short-circuit test operating sequence . 119
6.103.12 System-source short-circuit test-duties . 119
6.104 Load current breaking tests . 121
6.104.1 General . 121
6.104.2 Conditions of test severity . 122
6.104.3 Number of tests . 122
6.105 Generator-source short-circuit current making and breaking tests . 122
6.105.1 Power factor of test circuit . 122
6.105.2 Frequency of test circuit . 122
6.105.3 Earthing of test circuit . 123
6.105.4 Connection of the test circuit to the generator circuit-breaker . 123

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© IEC/IEEE 2015
6.105.5 Applied voltage for generator-source short-circuit making tests . 123
6.105.6 Generator-source short-circuit making current . 124
6.105.7 Generator-source short-circuit breaking current . 124
6.105.8 Transient recovery voltage (TRV) for generator-source short-circuit
breaking tests . 125
6.105.9 Measurement of transient recovery voltage during test . 125
6.105.10 Power frequency recovery voltage . 125
6.105.11 Generator-source short-circuit test operating sequence . 125
6.105.12 Generator-source short-circuit breaking test-duties . 125
6.106 Out-of-phase making and breaking tests . 131
6.106.1 General . 131
6.106.2 Out-of-phase current switching capability . 132
6.106.3 Conditions of test severity . 132
6.106.4 Test circuit . 134
6.106.5 Applied voltage before out-of-phase making tests . 136
6.106.6 Transient recovery voltage (TRV) for out-of-phase breaking tests . 136
6.106.7 Demonstration of the most severe switching conditions during test-duty
OP1 . 136
6.106.8 Demonstration of the most severe switching conditions during test-duty
OP2 . 136
7 Routine tests . 136
7.1 Dielectric test on the main circuit . 137
7.2 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits . 137
7.2.1 Inspection of auxiliary and control circuits, and verification of conformity
to the circuit diagrams and wiring diagrams . 137
7.2.2 Functional tests . 137
7.2.3 Verification of protection against electrical shock . 137
7.2.4 Dielectric tests . 137
7.3 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit . 138
7.4 Tightness test . 138
7.4.1 Controlled pressure systems for gas . 138
7.4.2 Closed pressure systems for gas . 138
7.4.3 Sealed pressure systems . 138
7.4.4 Liquid tightness tests . 138
7.5 Design and visual checks . 139
7.101 Mechanical operating tests . 139
8 Guide to the selection of generator circuit-breakers . 140
8.101 General . 140
8.102 General application conditions . 141
8.102.1 Normal service conditions . 141
8.102.2 Special service conditions . 141
8.103 Application consideration . 143
8.103.1 General . 143
8.103.2 Rated voltage . 143
8.103.3 Rated insulation level . 143
8.103.4 Rated frequency. 144
8.103.5 Rated normal current . 144
8.103.6 Short-circuit current rating . 144
8.103.7 TRV rating for system-source and generator-source short-circuits . 159
8.103.8 Rated load making and breaking current . 165

© IEC/IEEE 2015
8.103.9 Rated out-of-phase making and breaking current . 169
8.103.10 Excitation switching current . 170
8.103.11 Capacitive switching current . 171
9 Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders . 171
10 Rules for transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance . 173
10.1 Conditions during transport, storage and installation . 173
10.2 Installation . 174
10.2.1 Unpacking and lifting . 174
10.2.2 Assembly . 174
10.2.3 Mounting . 174
10.2.4 Connections . 174
10.2.5 Final installation inspection . 174
10.2.6 Basic input data by the user . 175
10.2.7 Basic input data by the manufacturer . 175
10.2.101 Commissioning tests . 175
10.2.102 Commissioning checks and test programme . 176
10.3 Operation . 179
10.4 Maintenance . 180
10.4.1 General . 180
10.4.2 Recommendations for the manufacturer . 180
10.4.3 Recommendations for the user . 181
10.4.4 Failure report . 181
11 Safety . 183
11.1 Precautions by manufacturers . 183
11.2 Precautions by users . 183
11.3 Electrical aspects . 184
11.4 Mechanical aspects . 184
11.5 Thermal aspects . 185
11.6 Operation aspects . 185
12 Influence of the product on the environment . 185
Annex A (normative) Tolerances on test quantities during type tests . 186
Annex B (normative) Records and reports of type tests according to 6.6, 6.103, 6.104,
6.105 and 6.106 . 190
B.1 Information and results to be recorded . 190
B.2 Information to be included in type test reports . 190
B.2.1 General . 190
B.2.2 Apparatus tested . 190
B.2.3 Rated characteristics of generator circuit-breaker, including its
operating devices and auxiliary equipment . 190
B.2.4 Test conditions (for each series of tests) . 191
B.2.5 Short-circuit making and breaking tests . 191
B.2.6 Short-time withstand current test . 192
B.2.7 No-load operation . 192
B.2.8 Out-of-phase making and breaking tests . 192
B.2.9 Load current switching tests . 193
B.2.10 Oscillographic and other records . 193
Annex C (…) . 194
Annex D (normative) Use of mechanical characteristics and related requirements . 195

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© IEC/IEEE 2015
Annex E (informative) Example of the application of a generator circuit-breaker . 196
E.1 General . 196
E.2 System characteristics . 196
E.3 System-source short-circuit current . 198
E.3.1 AC component of the system-source short-circuit breaking current . 198
E.3.2 System-source asymmetrical short-circuit breaking current . 199
E.4 Generator-source short-circuit current . 201
E.4.1 AC component of the generator-source short-circuit breaking current . 201
E.4.2 Generator-source asymmetrical short-circuit breaking current . 202
E.5 Transient recovery voltage . 204
E.6 Out-of-phase conditions . 204
E.7 Normal current application . 207
E.8 Generator circuit-breaker electrical characteristics . 208
Annex F (informative) For generator circuit-breakers connected to the step-up
transformer by shielded cables - An example of the effects of added capacitance
on TRV requirements for a system-source fault . 210
Annex G (informative) Symbols and related terminology . 213
G.1 Comparison of IEEE and IEC electrical terms and symbols . 213
G.2 Comparison between TRV terminology and symbols . 214
Annex H (informative) Determination of the degree of asymmetry for generator-source
short-circuit breaking tests . 216
Annex I (informative) Faults in case of three-winding step-up transformer . 218
Bibliography . 221

Figure 1 – Typical oscillogram of a three-phase short-circuit make-break cycle . 35
Figure 2 – Generator circuit-breaker without resistors – Opening operation . 36
Figure 3 – Generator circuit-breaker without resistors – Close-open cycle . 36
Figure 4 – Generator circuit-breaker with opening resistors – Opening operation . 37
Figure 5 – Generator circuit-breaker with opening resistors – Close-open cycle. 37
Figure 6 – Example of a three-phase asymmetrical current . 38
Figure 7 – Examples of possible valid interruptions in a phase with intermediate level
of asymmetry after a major loop and a corresponding time t . 39
Figure 8 – Examples of possible valid interruptions in a phase with intermediate level
of asymmetry after a minor loop and a corresponding time t . 40
Figure 9 – Effect of various cooling failures and subsequent load reductions on
generator circuit-breaker temperature . 47
Figure 10 – Typical asymmetrical system-source short-circuit current . 51
Figure 11 – Degree of asymmetry as a function of time after fault initiation . 52
Figure 12 – Typical asymmetrical generator-source short-circuit current with a strong
decrement of the a.c. component . 53
Figure 13 – 2-parameter representation of prospective TRV waveform for
interrupting three-phase symmetrical faults . 56
Figure 14 – Typical temperature rise test setup for single-phase-enclosed generator
circuit-breakers (top view) . 73
Figure 15 – Test sequences for low and high temperature tests . 85
Figure 16 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealised curve) . 89

© IEC/IEEE 2015
Figure 17 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealised curve) with the
prescribed envelopes centered over the reference curve (+5 %, –5 %), contact
separation in this example at time t = 20 ms . 90
Figure 18 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealised curve) with the
prescribed envelopes fully displaced upward from the reference curve (+10 %, –0 %),
contact separation in this example at time t = 20 ms . 90
Figure 19 – Reference mechanical travel characteristics (idealised curve) with the
prescribed envelopes fully displaced downward from the reference curve (+0 %, –
10 %), contact separation in this example at time t = 20 ms . 91
Figure 20 – Equivalent testing set-up for unit testing of generator circuit-breakers with
more than one separate interrupter units . 92
Figure 21 – Two valid three-phase symmetrical breaking operations . 100
Figure 22 – Three-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Minimum arcing time
with intermediate asymmetry after major loop (t ) . 102
arc min 1
Figure 23 – Three-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Maximum arcing time for
the first-pole-to-clear after major loop (t ) . 103
arc max 1
Figure 24 – Three-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Minimum arcing time
with intermediate asymmetry after minor loop (t ) . 104
arc min 2
Figure 25 – Three-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Maximum arcing time for
the last-pole-to-clear after extended major loop (t ) . 105
arc max 2
Figure 26 – Single-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Minimum arcing time
with intermediate asymmetry after major loop (t ) . 107
arc min 1
Figure 27 – Single-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Maximum arcing time
for the first-pole-to-clear after major loop (t ) . 108
arc max 1
Figure 28 – Single-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Minimum arcing time
with intermediate asymmetry after minor loop (t ) . 109
arc min 2
Figure 29 – Single-phase asymmetrical breaking operations – Maximum arcing time
for the last-pole-to-clear extended major loop (t ) .
...