Hydraulic machines, radial and axial - Performance conversion method from model to prototype

IEC 62097:2009 is applicable to the assessment of the efficiency and performance of prototype hydraulic machine from model test results, with consideration of scale effect including the effect of surface roughness. This document is intended to be used for the assessment of the results of contractual model tests of hydraulic machines.

Machines hydrauliques, radiales et axiales - Méthode de conversion des performances du modèle au prototype

La CEI 62097:2009 est applicable à l'évaluation de l'efficacité et de la performance de machines hydrauliques prototypes à partir d'essais sur modèle d'essais avec la considération des effets d'échelle incluant l'effet de rugosité de surface. Ce document est prévue pour être employée pour l'évaluation des résultats des essais contractuels sur modèle réduit de machines hydrauliques.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
10-Feb-2009
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
DELPUB - Deleted Publication
Completion Date
08-Jan-2019
Ref Project

Buy Standard

Standard
iec62097{ed1.0}b - IEC 62097:2009 - Hydraulic machines, radial and axial - Performance conversion method from model to prototype Released:2/11/2009
English and French language
166 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


IEC 62097 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Hydraulic machines, radial and axial – Performance conversion method from
model to prototype
Machines hydrauliques, radiales et axiales – Méthode de conversion des
performances du modèle au prototype

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or

IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.

Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette

publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
ƒ Catalogue des publications de la CEI: www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur_fut-f.htm
Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous permet d’effectuer des recherches en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence,
texte, comité d’études,…). Il donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications retirées ou remplacées.
ƒ Just Published CEI: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published détaille deux fois par mois les nouvelles
publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et
définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne.
ƒ Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du
Service clients ou contactez-nous:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tél.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
IEC 62097 ®
Edition 1.0 2009-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Hydraulic machines, radial and axial – Performance conversion method from
model to prototype
Machines hydrauliques, radiales et axiales – Méthode de conversion des
performances du modèle au prototype

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XC
CODE PRIX
ICS 27.140 ISBN 978-2-88910-619-6
– 2 – 62097 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5

INTRODUCTION.7

1 Scope.9

2 Normative references .9

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .9

3.1 System of units .9

3.2 List of terms .9

3.2.1 Subscripts’ list .9
3.2.2 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .10
4 Scale-effect formula .13
4.1 General .13
4.1.1 Scalable losses .13
4.1.2 Basic formulae of the scale effect on hydrodynamic friction losses .15
4.2 Specific hydraulic energy efficiency.17
4.2.1 Step-up formula.17
4.2.2 Roughness of model and prototype.19
4.2.3 Direct step-up for a whole turbine .22
4.3 Power efficiency (disc friction).23
4.3.1 Step-up formula.23
4.3.2 Roughness of model and prototype.23
4.4 Volumetric efficiency .24
5 Standardized values of scalable losses and pertinent parameters .24
5.1 General .24
5.2 Specific speed.25
5.3 Parameters for specific hydraulic energy efficiency step-up.25
5.4 Parameters for power efficiency (disc friction) step-up.26
6 Calculation of prototype performance .27
6.1 General .27
6.2 Hydraulic efficiency .27
6.3 Specific hydraulic energy .28
6.4 Discharge.28
6.5 Torque .29

6.6 Power.29
6.7 Required input data .30
7 Calculation procedure.31
Annex A (informative) Basic formulae and their approximation.33
Annex B (informative) Scale effect on specific hydraulic energy losses of radial flow
machines .43
Annex C (informative) Scale effect on specific hydraulic energy losses of axial flow
machines [10] .63
Annex D (informative) Scale effect on disc friction loss .70
Annex E (informative) Leakage loss evaluation for non homologous seals .76
Bibliography.83

Figure 1 – Basic concept for step-up considering surface roughness .16

62097 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
Figure 2 – IEC criteria of surface roughness given in Tables 1 and 2 .20

Figure 3 – Francis Runner blade and fillets .21

Figure 4 – Runner blade axial flow.22

Figure 5 – Guide vanes.22

Figure 6 – Calculation steps of step-up values.32

Figure A.1 – Flux diagram for a turbine .34

Figure A.2 – Flux diagram for a pump .35

Figure B.1 – Loss coefficient versus Reynolds number and surface roughness .44

Figure B.2 – Different characteristics of λ in transition zone.45
Figure B.3 – Representative dimensions of component passages .48
Figure B.4 – Relative scalable hydraulic energy loss in each component of Francis
turbine .54
Figure B.5 – Relative scalable hydraulic energy loss in each component of pump-
turbine in turbine operation .55
Figure B.6 – Relative scalable hydraulic energy loss in each component of pump-
turbine in pump operation .56
Figure B.7 – κ and κ in each component of Francis turbine.57
uCO dCO
Figure B.8 – κ and κ in each component of pump-turbine in turbine operation.58

uCO dCO
Figure B.9 – κ and κ in each component of pump-turbine in pump operation .59
uCO dCO
Figure B.10 – d and d for Francis turbine .60
ECOref Eref
Figure B.11 – d and d for pump-turbine in turbine operation .61

ECOref Eref
Figure B.12 – d and d for pump-turbine in pump-operation .62

ECOref Eref
Figure C.1 – δ for Kaplan turbines .66
Eref
Figure D.1 – Disc friction loss ratio δ .72
Tref
Figure D.2 – Dimension factor κ .74
T
Figure D.3 – Disc friction loss index d .75
Tref
Figure E.1 – Examples of typical design of runner seals (crown side) .78
Figure E.2 – Examples of typical design of runner seals (band side) .79

Table 1 – Maximum recommended prototype runner roughness for new turbines (μm).21
Table 2 – Maximum recommended prototype guide vane roughness for new turbines
(μm).22

Table 3 – Permissible deviation of the geometry of model seals from the prototype .24
Table 4 – Scalable loss index d and velocity factor κ for Francis turbines.25

ECOref uCO
Table 5 – Scalable loss index d and velocity index κ for pump-turbines in
ECOref uCO
turbine operation.26
Table 6 – Scalable loss index d and velocity index κ for pump-turbines
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.