IEC 63563-10:2025

IEC 63563-10 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Qi Specification version 2.0 –
Part 10: MPP System Specification

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IEC 63563-10 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Qi Specification version 2.0 –

Part 10: MPP System Specification

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.240.99; 35.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8327-0183-6

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
QI SPECIFICATION VERSION 2.0 –
Part 10: MPP System Specification
FOREWORD
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IEC 635-10 has been prepared by technical area 15: Wireless Power Transfer, of IEC
technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment. It is an
International Standard.
It is based on Qi Specification version 2.0, MPP System Specification and was submitted as a
Fast-Track document.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
//FDIS //RVD
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Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
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WIRELESS POWER
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents . 2
List of Figures . 6
List of Tables . 9
1 General Description. 10
1.1 Introduction . 10
1.1.1 Scope . 10
1.1.2 Document organization . 10
1.1.3 Design goals . 10
1.1.4 BPP and MPP interoperability . 12
1.1.5 Related documents . 12
1.2 Architectural overview . 13
1.2.1 System Description . 13
1.2.2 System block diagrams . 14
11.3 Glossary . 16
1.3.1 Definitions. 16
1.3.2 Acronyms . 17
1.3.3 Symbols . 17
1.4 System Model vs Spec . 18
2 Authentication Protocol . 19
2.1 Authentication . 19
3 Coil Design . 20
3.1 Introduction and Background . 20
3.2 PTx Coil System Model . 20
3.2.1 Mechanical Construction . 20
3.2.2 Electrical Properties . 31
3.3 PRx Coil System Model . 33
3.3.1 Mechanical Construction . 33
3.3.2 Electrical Properties . 42

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33.4 Properties of Mated Coil System Models . 43
3.4.1 Electrical measurement under mated conditions . 43
3.5 Coil Specifications. 44
3.5.1 PRx Coil Specifications . 44
3.5.2 PTx Coil Specifications. 50
4 Power Delivery . 57
4.1 Power Profiles (BPP + MPP) . 57
4.1.1 Specifications . 57
4.1.2 Recommendations . 57
4.1.3 Specification Notes . 57
4.2 Power Receiver Functional Block Diagram . 58
4.2.1 System Model . 58
4.3 Power Transmitter Functional Block Diagram . 65
4.3.1 System Model . 65
4.4 Operating Frequency . 68
4.4.1 System Model . 68
4.4.2 Specifications . 68
4.5 Object Detection . 68
4.5.1 System Model . 68
4.5.2 Specifications . 69
4.6 Digital Pings 128kHz/360kHz . 69
4.6.1 Need For Digital Pings 128kHz / 360kHz . 69
4.6.2 Specifications . 76
4.7 K Estimation . 78
4.7.1 System Model . 78
4.7.2 Specifications . 82
4.8 Output Impedance and Load Transients . 83
4.8.1 System Model . 83
4.9 Set Pr_max . 86
4.9.1 Background . 86
4.9.2 System Model . 86
4.9.3 PTx Specifications . 92
4.9.4 PTx Specification Notes . 92
4.10 Power Transfer Control . 92
4.10.1 Intro and Background (Informative) . 92

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4.10.2 System Model . 92
4.10.3 End-to-End Control Specifications . 98
44.11 Mitigation of Side Effects of Cd at MPP Frequency . 101
4.11.1 System Model . 101
4.11.2 Specifications . 104
4.12 Cloak . 104
4.13 Common-mode Noise . 104
5 Communications Physical Layer . 105
5.1 Introduction . 105
5.2 Frequency Shift Keying (PTx to PRx) . 105
5.2.1 System Model . 106
5.2.2 Frequency Shift Keying Specifications . 108
5.3 Amplitude Shift Keying (PRx to PTx) . 109
5.3.1 Modulation Scheme . 109
5.3.2 System Model . 110
5.3.3 ASK Specifications . 115
6 Foreign Object Detection . 117
6.1 Background . 117
6.2 Open-air Q-Test (pre-power transfer FOD method). 117
6.2.1 Introduction . 117
6.2.2 Movement Timer. 120
6.2.3 Settling Timer . 120
6.2.4 Glossary . 120
6.2.5 Open-air Q-Test Specifications . 120
6.2.6 Theory of Operation . 121
6.2.7 PRx movement and digital ping . 125
6.3 MPP Power Loss Accounting (in-power transfer FOD method) . 126
6.3.1 Introduction . 126
6.3.2 MPLA Specifications . 127
6.3.3 MPLA Equations. 130
6.3.4 Eco-System Scaling . 131
6.3.5 Process of Extracting LQK-Dependent Coefficients . 133
6.3.6 FO power estimation error outside 2x2 cylinder . 134
6.3.7 FO Detection Thresholds . 135
6.3.8 In-Power FOD Action . 138

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6.3.9 Accessory Power Loss Requirements . 140
6.3.10 Error Budget . 140
6.3.11 Measuring coil current . 147
7 Annex . 149
7.1 PTx Working with Legacy PRx . 149
7.1.1 Background . 149
7.2 Mitigation of Saturation for BPP . 149
7.2.1 System Model . 149
7.2.2 SHO Specifications . 153
77.3 Loss-Split Modeling: A framework for calculating localized eddy-current losses . 153
7.3.1 Introduction . 153
7.3.2 Comparison between the standard T-Model and Loss-Split Model . 155
7.3.3 Determining the Loss-Split Model Parameters . 156
7.3.4 Calculating Power Loss using Loss-Split Model . 157
7.3.5 Loss-Split Model Validation . 158
7.4 Resistive Coupling Factor . 158
7.4.1 Introduction . 158
7.4.2 Definition of Mutual Resistance and Kr . 158
7.4.3 Cause of Mutual Resistance . 159
7.4.4 Why is Kr non-negligible . 161

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List of Figures
Figure 2.1.3 : 1 Multipole magnet design that tightly couples strong permanent magnetic fields within the region of the
magnet array . . 11
Figure 2.1.3 : 2 Accurate magnetic alignment within a 2mm radius (without case and with silicone case) . . 11
Figure 2.2.2 : 3 System block diagram . . 15
Figure 2.2.2 : 4 MPP PTx functional diagram . . 15
Figure 2.2.2 : 5 MPP accessory functional diagram (e.g., PRx case, wallet, automative dash-mount) . . 15
Figure 2.2.2 : 6 MPP PRx functional diagram . . 16
Figure 4.2.1.1 : 7 Exploded view of PTx coil system model . . 20
Figure 4.2.1.3 : 8 Exploded view of the Coil Module for the PTx Coil System Model . . 21
Figure 4.2.1.3 : 9 Side view of PTx Coil Module . . 22
Figure 4.2.1.3 : 10 Top view of PTx ferrite . . 22
Figure 4.2.1.4 : 11 Magnet Array top view . . 24
Figure 4.2.1.5 : 12 Magnet assembly (Cross-section) . . 26
Figure 4.2.1.6 : 13 Side view of Bottom Enclosure . . 27
Figure 4.2.1.8 : 14 Side view of PTx coil system model assembly . 29
Figure 4.2.1.9.1 : 15 Transmitter orientation magnets (Top View) . . 30
Figure 4.2.1.9.1 : 16 Transmitter Orientation Magnet Dimensions and Polarity . . 31
Figure 4.3.1.1 : 17 Exploded view of PRx coil system model . . 34
Figure 4.3.1.4 : 18 Exploded view of the coil module for the PRx coil system model . . 35
Figure 4.3.1.4 : 19 Cross-section of the coil module for the PRx coil system model . . 36
Figure 4.3.1.4 : 20 Cross-sectional view of coil for the PRx coil system model . . 36
Figure 4.3.1.4 : 21 Top view of PRx coil system model . . 37
Figure 4.3.1.5 : 22 Magnet of the PRx coil system model (top view) . . 40
Figure 4.3.1.5 : 23 Magnet of the PRx coil system model (side view) . . 40
Figure 4.3.1.5 : 24 Magnetic field of the PRx coil system model . . 41
Figure 4.3.1.5 : 25 Orientation magnet of the PRx coil system model (side view) . . 41
Figure 4.3.1.7 : 26 Cross-sectional view showing assembly of PRx coil system model . . 41
Figure 5.1.3.1 : 27 MPP minimum power delivery requirement shaOOEH3O•:IRUmm ” ]”PPPP ” U”PP . 57
Figure 5.1.3$Q03337[VKDOOEHDEOHWRGHOLYHU3O•:WRDQ%33V\VWHPPRGHO35[IRUPP ”]”PPPP ” r
” 8mm . . 58
Figure 5.1.3.1 : 29 Cross section view of the system model indicating the "z" gap . . 58
Figure 5.2.1.1 : 30 System model PRx circuit topology (with BPP and MPP compatibility) . . 59
Figure 5.2.1.3.1 : 31 Cantilever Equivalent Circuit . . 60
Figure 5.2.1.3.2.1 : 32 Efficiency vs Crx: sweep of Crx at the maximum coupling position in the system model shows that
efficiency is low when Crx < 300nF (system is capacitive) . . 62
Figure 5.2.1.3.2.1 : 33 Bode plot of Zin(s) at maximum coupling location with two different Crx values. With Crx=60nF, the
system impedance is capacitive, which is undesirable. . . 63

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Figure 5.2.1.3.2.1 : 34 Bode plot of G(s) at maximum coupling location with two different Crx values. Crx=710nF has
~1.4dB higher gain than Crx=60nF. . . 63
Figure 5.2.1.5 : 35 System model PRx Vrect/Irect profile . . 65
Figure 5.3.1 : 36 PTx power stage block diagram . . 66
)LJXUH'HILQLWLRQRILQYHUWHUSKDVHș . 66
Figure 5.6.1 : 38 MPP Power Negotiation Flow . . 70
Figure 5.6.1 : 39 Top-level diagram . . 72
Figure 5.6.1 : 40 Digital Ping Flowchart . . 73
Figure 5.6.1 : 41 Identification 128kHz Flowchart . . 74
Figure 5.6.1 : 42 Identification 360kHz Flowchart . . 75
Figure 5.6.1 : 43 Configuration Flowchart . . 76
Figure 5.7.1.2.1 : 44 E0 and E1 Fit Example . . 80
Figure 5.7.1.2.1 : 45 Kest E0 and E1 Extraction Flow . . 80
Figure 5.7.1.4 : 46 Example PTx/PRx Kest Error Stack-up . . 82
Figure 5.8.1.1 : 47 Typical Output Impedance Plot (Vrect vs Irect) . . 84
Figure 5.8.1.2.1 : 48 Vrect timing diagram during load step procedure in the system model . . 85
Figure 5.8.1.2.2 : 49 Vrect timing diagram during load dump procedure in the system model . . 85
Figure 5.9.2.3.1 : 50 Set Pr_max Overall Flow . . 88
Figure 5.9.2.3.1 : 51 Example Time Sequence . . 89
Figure 5.9.2.3.2 : 52 Gain Measurement Flow . . 90
Figure 5.9.2.3.3 : 53 Set initial Vrect_target and Pr_max based on G1*G2 . . 91
Figure 5.9.2.3.3 : 54 Pr_max vs G1*G2 . . 91
Figure 5.10.2.2.1 : 55 Tx Voltage Control Flow Chart . . 95
Figure 5.10.2.3.3 : 56 Ilim control diagram . . 97
Figure 5.11.1.0.1 : 57 Vrect vs inverter phase at light load . . 101
Figure 5.11.1.0.1 : 58 Output impedance with 50 and 120 degrees inverter phase . 102
Figure 5.11.1.0.2 : 59 Gain (Vrect/Vin) with and without Cd . . 102
Figure 5.11.1.0.2 : 60 Load release from 7W to 0W, with and without Cd, and with mitigations implemented in the system
model . . 103
Figure 5.11.1.0.3 : 61 ZVS state with and without Cd, and with mitigations implemented in the system model . . 103
Figure 6.1 : 62 MPP Comms Physical System Model . . 105
Figure 6.2.1.1 : 63 System Model for FSK Transmitter . . 106
Figure 6.2.1.2 : 64 System Model for FSK Receiver . . 107
Figure 6.2.1.2 : 65 Sample Waveform: Digital Ping 360 kHz AC2 node voltage . . 108
Figure 6.3.1 : 66 (a) Primary Resonant Capacitor Amplitude and (b) Primary Resonant Capacitor Phase Shift . . 110
Figure 6.3.2.1 : 67 System Model for ASK Modulator at 128 kHz . . 111
Figure 6.3.2.1 : 68 System Model for ASK Modulator at 360 kHz . . 112
Figure 6.3.2.1 : 69 Representative Waveforms for ASK Modulator at 360 kHz . . 112
Figure 6.3.2.2 : 70 System Model for ASK Receiver . . 113
Figure 6.3.2.3 : 71 ASK Modulation Trends for (a) DC Load Current and (b) Capacitor Modulation . . 114

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Figure 7.2.1 : 72 Detection Capability V.S. Thermal Requirements . . 118
Figure 7.2.1 : 73 Simplified flow diagram for open-air Q test . 119
Figure 7.2.6.1 : 74 Implementation of how to measure ring response . . 121
Figure 7.2.6.1.0.1 : 75 bias ping configuration . . 122
Figure 7.2.6.4.2 : 76 PRx replaced before the movement timer expires to prevent false fo flag . . 124
Figure 7.2.7 : 77 Example of q-deflection profile when Prx is approaching ptx . . 126
Figure 7.3.4.2 : 78 Eco-System Scaling Diagram . . 133
Figure 7.3.5 : 79 Linear fit error for coil and friendly metal losses. The resistances Rtx and Rrx represent the free-air coil
resistances at the switching frequency. . . 134
Figure 7.3.6 : 80 MPLA estimation error for P_FO grows monotonically away from origin. . . 135
Figure 7.3.7.2 : 81 15W PFO error distribution with and without FO at 85º critical heating radius (scenario 2: Q-test does
detect no FO) . . 137
Figure 7.3.7.2 : 82 10W PFO error distribution with and without FO at 70º critical heating radius (scenario 1: Q-test detects
FO) . . 137
Figure 7.3.8.1 : 83 Recommended flowchart for PTx FOD action. . . 139
Figure 7.3.10.3 : 84 PRx Compliance Test pFO Distribution . . 145
Figure 7.3.10.5 : 85 Compliance Test Ppr shift explanation for Scenario 2 (15W) . . 147
Figure 8.2.1.1 : 86 Comparison of PTx current with and without SHO . . 150
Figure 8.2.1.2 : 87 System Model SHO detection flowchart . . 151
Figure 8.2.1.3 : 88 System Model SHO mitigation flowchart . . 152
Figure 8.3.1 : 89 Simulation based power accounting flow . . 154
Figure 8.3.1 : 90 Loss-Split Power Accounting Flow . . 154
Figure 8.3.2 : 91 Standard T-Model . .
...