ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)

ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Report on Low Duty Cycle Mitigation
for UWB Devices

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2 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)



Reference
DTR/ERM-TGUWB-592
Keywords
measurement, report, UWB

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3 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 Duty cycle in UWB regulations . 7
5 Ton and Toff definition . 8
6 Current procedures . 9
6.1 Measurements in ETSI EN 303 883 . 9
6.2 Clause B.5 in ETSI EN 302 065 series . 10
7 Stricter EC requirements . 10
7.1 No declarations or choices. 10
7.2 Test modes. 11
8 Measurement duty cycle per second or per minute . 11
9 Measurement duty cycle per hour . 11
9.1 Introduction . 11
9.2 Integration method from ETSI TS 103 060 . 11
9.3 Integration method from ETSI TS 103 366 . 12
9.4 Alternative proposal . 13
10 Measurement of duty cycle over large bandwidths . 14
11 Conclusions . 14
History . 15


ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
1 Scope
The present document assesses the current LDC mitigation regulations for UWB applications in light of the requirement
to have clear test criteria for the harmonised standards. It reviews the current regulations and related measurements to
highlight the extra parameters that need to be specified in future harmonised standards. It also proposes a method to
measure the duty cycle such that the requirement per hour can be met.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 103 181-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Transmission characteristics Part 2:
UWB mitigation techniques".
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 372 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD);Tank Level Probing Radar (TLPR)
equipment operating in the frequency ranges 4,5 GHz to 7 GHz, 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz, 24,05 GHz
to 27 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 729 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD);Level Probing Radar (LPR) equipment
operating in the frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz,
75 GHz to 85 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.4] CEPT Report 045: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Fifth
Mandate to CEPT on ultra-wideband technology to clarify the technical parameters in view of a
potential update of Commission Decision 2007/131/EC".
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive
2014/53/EU; Part 1: Requirements for Generic UWB applications".
[i.6] ETSI EN 302 065-2 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive
2014/53/EU; Part 2: Requirements for UWB location tracking".
[i.7] ETSI EN 302 065-3 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive
2014/53/EU; Part 3: Requirements for UWB devices for ground based vehicular applications".
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 065-4 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive
2014/53/EU; Part 4: Material Sensing devices using UWB technology below 10,6 GHz".
ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
[i.9] ECC/DEC/(06)04: "ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 on the harmonised conditions for devices
using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz, amended 9 December 2011 and amended
8 March 2019".
[i.10] ECC/REC/(11)09: "ECC Recommendation of 21 October 2011 on UWB Location Tracking
Systems TYPE 2 (LT2), amended 22 May 2015".
[i.11] ECC/REC/(11)10: "ECC Recommendation of 1 November 2010 on location tracking application
for emergency and disaster situations".
[i.12] ECC/DEC/(07)01: "ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on the harmonised use, exemption from
individual licensing and free circulation of Material Sensing Devices using Ultra-Wideband
(UWB) technology, amended on 26 June 2009, corrected on 18 November 2016 and amended on
8 March 2019".
[i.13] ETSI TS 103 060 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Method for a harmonized definition of Duty Cycle Template (DCT)
transmission as a passive mitigation technique used by short range devices and related
conformance test methods".
[i.14] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);
Measurement Techniques".
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 366 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Time Domain based Low Duty Cycle Measurement for UWB".
th
[i.16] ETSI ERM(18)66b042: "Final minutes of the workshop DG GROW ESOs on 6 December 2018".
[i.17] ETSI EN 303 883-1 (V1.2.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB);
Part 1: Measurement techniques for transmitter requirements".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
F Mitigation bandwith
mb
P Threshold power
thresh
T Disregard time
dis
T Observation period
obs
T Off time
off
T On time
on
Span time of the oscilloscope
Tspan
T Trigger time of the oscilloscope
trig
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
DAA Detect And Avoid
LAES Location tracking Application for Emergency and disaster Situations
LDC Low Duty Cycle
LT2 Location Tracking type 2
UWB Ultra-Wide Band
ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
TPC Transmit Power Control
STF Special Task Force
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
4 Duty cycle in UWB regulations
An overview of the use of duty cycle restrictions and permission in UWB regulation is presented in clause 6.1 of ETSI
TR 103 181-2 [i.1]. These are summarized in Table 1 and graphically in Figure 1. Trigger-before-transmit for keyless
entry systems is new and has also been added.
In the table and figure, red colour is used to indicate a mandatory duty cycle restriction. Green is used to show optional
duty cycle limits which if respected allow the device to transmit at higher power levels.
In total, there are essentially three different duty cycle related requirements:
• Maximum T
on
• Minimum mean T per second
off
• Maximum duty cycle (either per second or per hour)
- Equivalent to minimum sum T per second or per hour
off
- Equivalent to maximum sum T per second or per hour
on
Tank level probing radars (ETSI EN 302 372 [i.2]) also use a duty cycle defined over one-hour periods. For level
probing radars, duty cycle is an optional mitigation technique (ETSI EN 302 729 [i.3]).
Based on CEPT Report 045 [i.4], the ETSI EN 302 065 series of Harmonised Standards ([i.5] to [i.8]) includes a
trade-off between duty cycle and transmit power in Annex C where the T can be increased as long as the transmit
on
power is reduced proportionally and the average T remains above 38 ms.
off

Figure 1: Duty cycle applicability in UWB regulations
ETSI

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8 ETSI TR 103 686 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
Table 1: Duty cycle applicability in UWB regulations
Applica
...