ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)

ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Technical Specification


Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
Internet Protocol Testing (IPT): IPv4 to IPv6 Transitioning;
Interoperability Test Suite

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2 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)



Reference
DTS/MTS-IPT-022-IPV6-TrsITS
Keywords
testing, IPv6, interoperability, IP
ETSI
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ETSI

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3 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.4
Foreword.4
Introduction .4
1 Scope.5
2 References.5
2.1 Normative references.5
3 Abbreviations.6
3.1 Abbreviations.6
4 IPv6 Security Interoperability Test Specification .6
4.1 Test Descriptions.6
4.1.1 Index of test grouping .6
4.1.2 Test Descriptions.7
Annex A (informative): Interoperability Testing Configurations.33
Annex B (informative): IPv6 Interoperability Test Purposes .40
History .58

ETSI

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4 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Methods for Testing and
Specification (MTS).
Introduction
IPv6 is the next generation Internet. It gives vastly increased address space and true end-to-end communication. It has
improved security and mobility features and allows 'plug-and-play' connection to the network. The complexity of
implementing IPv6 technology and the relative openness of IETF standards means that wide-ranging and effective
testing of IPv6 products will be one of the key factors in ensuring the deployment, interoperability, security and
reliability of the IPv6 infrastructure.
The present document specifies interoperability tests for IPv4 to IPv6 Transitioning. The test suite results from and
analysis of RFC 2529 [4], RFC 2765 [5], RFC 2766 [6], RFC 3056 [7], RFC 3596 [8], RFC 4213 [9] and
RFC 4214 [10], the extraction of the requirements contained in these documents, and a selection of the requirements
which could be tested by interoperability means.
The methodology and framework used to analyse the RFCs, to extract the requirements, write the Test Purposes, and
the test descriptions is described in TS 102 351 [1].The reader is strongly encouraged to read TS 102 351 [1] in order to
make the best usage of the present document.
ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the interoperability Test Descriptions (TDs) with integrated Test Purposes (TPs) for the
selected IPv4 to IPv6 TRansitioning standards. The TDs are presented in the tabular form specified in
TS 102 424 [11]and the TPs are defined using the TPLan notation also described in ES 202 553 [2].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TS 102 351: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Internet Protocol Testing (IPT);
IPv6 Testing: Methodology and Framework".
[2] ETSI ES 202 553: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); TPLan: A notation for
expressing test Purposes".
[3] ETSI TS 102 599 "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Internet Protocol Testing (IPT):
IPv6 to IPv4 Transitioning; Requirements Catalogue".
[4] IETF RFC 2529: "Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels".
[5] IETF RFC 2765: "Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT)".
[6] IETF RFC 2766: "Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)".
[7] IETF RFC 3056: "Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds".
[8] IETF RFC 3596: "DNS Extensions to support IP Version 6".
[9] IETF RFC 4213: "Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers".
ETSI

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6 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
[10] IETF RFC 4214: "Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)".
[11] ETSI TS 102 424: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Requirements of the NGN network to support Emergency
Communication from Citizen to Authority".
3 Abbreviations
3.1 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
EUT Equipment Under Test
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
PMTU Path MTU
QE Qualified Equipment
TP Test Purpose
TD Test Description
TPLan Test Purpose Language
TSS Test Suite Structure
4 IPv6 Security Interoperability Test Specification
4.1 Test Descriptions
The IPv6 Security Interoperability Test Descriptions (TDs) defined in the following clauses are derived from the Test
Purposes (TPs) specified in annex B.
Test Description presentation and concepts are explained in TS 102 351 [1].
Requirements referred to within the Test Description (example: RQ_003_1016) are all contained in TS 102 599 [3], the
IPv6 to IPv4 Transitioning "Requirements catalogue".
4.1.1 Index of test grouping
In the present document, tests have been grouped according to the original RFC from which they were extracted.
Group 1: RFC2529 - Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels . 7
Group 2: RFC2765 - Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT). 8
Group 2.1: Translating from IPv4 to IPv6. 8
Group 2.2: Translating from IPv6 to IPv4. 14
Group 3: RFC2766 - Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) . 20
Group 3.1: DNS-ALG Operation . 20
Group 3.2: Traditional NAT-PT Operation. 20
Group 3.3: Protocol Translation Details. 23
Group 4: RFC3056 - Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds. 26
Group 4.1: Address Selection. 26
Group 4.2: Encapsulation in IPv4 . 28
ETSI

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7 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Group 4.3: Maximum Transmission Unit . 28
Group 5: RFC3596 - DNS Extensions to Support IP Version 6. 29
Group 6: RFC4213 - Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers . 29
Group 7: RFC 4214 - Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP). 32
NOTE: Test Descriptions covering requirements coming from more than one group are repeated in the relevant
groups.
4.1.2 Test Descriptions
Group 1: RFC2529 - Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels
Test Description
Identifier: Test Purpose:
TD_TRA_1009_01 TP_TRA_1009_01
Summary:
"A 6over4 node builds a link-local address for an IPv4 virtual interface using the interface IPv4
address"
Roles: 6over4_Node Configuration: CF_TRA_01
References:
RQ_003_1009, RQ_003_1012, RQ_003_1016
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to the link_local_address of EUT }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from EUT}
}
Pre-test conditions:

Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request to the link-local address of EUT.
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from EUT Yes No
Observations:


Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_1027_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_1027_01
Summary: "A 6over4 router must join the all-nodes multicast address"
Roles: 6over4_Router Configuration: CF_TRA_13
References: RQ_003_1027
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to the all_nodes_multicast_address }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from EUT }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request to the all-nodes-multicast-address.
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from EUT. Yes No
Observations: Do not forget to put the virtual ethernet interface in the ping query.

ETSI

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8 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_1027_02 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_1027_02
Summary: "A 6over4 router must join the all-routers multicast address"
Roles: 6over4_Router Configuration: CF_TRA_13
References:
RQ_003_1027
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to the all_routers_multicast_address }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from EUT }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request to the all-routers-multicast-address.
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from EUT. Yes No
Observations:
Do not forget to put the virtual ethernet interface in the ping query.

Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_1027_03 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_1027_03
Summary: "A 6over4 router must join the solicited-node multicast address corresponding to its IPv6
address"
Roles: 6over4_Router Configuration: CF_TRA_13
References: RQ_003_1027
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to the solicited_node_multicast_address of EUT }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from EUT }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request to the solicited-node-multicast-
address of the EUT.
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from EUT. Yes No
Observations:
Do not forget to put the virtual ethernet interface in the ping query.

Group 2: RFC2765 - Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT)
Group 2.1: Translating from IPv4 to IPv6
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3003_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3003_01
Summary: "When the IPv4 Sender does not perform PMTU discovery, the translator shall fragment the IPv4
packet so that it fits in 1280 bytes IPv6"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3003
with {   EUT configured not to use PMTU on Network_A
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet of length 1500
       indicating that a response is requested to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from QE2 }
}
Pre-test conditions: EUT configured not to use PMTU on Network_A
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request of length 1500 to QE2
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
Observations:

ETSI

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9 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3014_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3014_01
Summary: "The SIIT_Tranlator must copy the TTL value from IPv4 header s to the Hop Limit in the resulting
IPv6 header s. During translation, the translator shall decrement the TTL value or IPv6 Hop Limit"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3014, RQ_003_3015
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 4
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from QE2 }
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 3
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 receives no response from QE2 }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 4 to QE2
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
3 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 3 to QE2
4 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 NO YES
Observations:

Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3016_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3016_01
Summary:
"As part of forwarding the packet, if the translator has decremented the IPV4 TTL (before
translation) it shall not decrement the IPv6 Hop Limit (After translation). The SIIT_Translator
must not decrement 2 times."
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3016
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 3
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 receives no response from QE2 }
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 4
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from QE2 }
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 5
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from QE2 }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 3 to QE2
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 NO YES
3 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 4 to QE2
4 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
5 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 5 to QE2
6 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
Observations:

ETSI

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10 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3017_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3017_01
Summary: "As part of decrementing the TTL value, the SIIT_Translator needs to check for zero and if
present, send the ICMPv4 ttl exceeded error"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3017
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 4
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response from QE2 }
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 2
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates Time_Exceeded }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 4 to QE2
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
3 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 2 to QE2
4 Check: does EUT indicate Time_Exceeded to QE1 YES NO
Observations: Check TP_TRA_3017_01, last "then" is perform by EUT.

Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3018_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3018_01
Summary:
"When translating IPv4 to IPv6, the IPv6 source Address and Destination field shall be
constructed with the low-order 32bits (IPv4 Source or Destination) and the high-order 96bits
(IPv4-mapped prefix or IPv4-translated"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3018, RQ_003_3019
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of the response }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request to QE2
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
Observations:

Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3037_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3037_01
Summary:
"A SIIT_Translator must be able to translate ICMPv4 Echo Requests to ICMPv6 Echo
Requests, by changing the type and adjusting the checksum"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References:
RQ_003_3034, RQ_003_3037, RQ_003_3038
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE1 sends an Echo_Request to QE2 }
 then { QE1 indicates receipt of an Echo_Reply from QE2 }
}

Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE1 to send an Echo Request to QE2
2 Check: does QE1 receive an Echo Reply from QE2 YES NO
Observations:


ETSI

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11 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3039_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3039_01
Summary: "A SIIT_Translator must be able to translate ICMPv4 Echo Replies to ICMPv6 Echo Replies, by
changing the type and adjusting the checksum"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3034, RQ_003_3039, RQ_003_3040
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends an Echo_Request to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates receipt of an Echo_Reply from QE1 }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request to QE1
2 Check: does QE2 receive an Echo Reply from QE1 YES NO
Observations:

Test Description
Identifier: Test Purpose:
TD_TRA_3051_01 TP_TRA_3051_01
Summary: "A SIIT_Translator must translate ICMPv4 Destination Unreachable (net unreachable)
messages to ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable (no route to destination) messages"
Roles: Configuration:
SIIT_Translator CF_TRA_02
References:
RQ_003_3051
with {  QE3 configured with no route for IPv4_mapped_packets
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates that QE1 is not reachable }
}
Pre-test conditions: QE3 is configured with no route for IPv4_mapped_packets
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request to QE1
2 Check: does QE3 indicate Destination Unreachable (net unreachable) to YES NO
QE2
Observations: Check TP_TRA_3051_01, last "then" is perform by QE3.

Test Description
Identifier: Test Purpose:
TD_TRA_3053_01 TP_TRA_3053_01
Summary: "A SIIT_Translator must translate ICMPv4 Destination Unreachable (port unreachable)
messages to ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable (port unreachable) messages"
Roles: Configuration:
SIIT_Translator CF_TRA_02
References:
RQ_003_3053
with {  QE1 configured not to listen on UDP_port_80
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a UDP_packet to QE1 on UDP_port_80 }
 then { QE2 indicates that the port is not reachable }
}
Pre-test conditions: QE1 is configured not to listen on UDP_port_80
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an UDP_packet to QE1 on UDP_port_80
2 Check: does QE3 indicate Destination Unreachable (port unreachable) to YES NO
QE2
Observations: What is the best option to cause QE2 sends a UDP_packet to QE1 on UDP_port_80?

ETSI

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12 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3057_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3057_01
Summary: "A SIIT_Translator must translate ICMPv4 Destination Unreachable (administratively
prohibited) messages to ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable (administratively prohibited)
messages"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3057
with {  QE3 configured to block packets from QE2
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates that communication with QE1
       is administratively prohibited }
}
Pre-test conditions: QE3 is configured to block packets from QE2 to QE1
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request to QE1
2 Check: does QE3 indicate communication with QE1 is administratively YES NO
prohibited to QE2
Check TP_TRA_3057_01, last "then" is perform by QE3.
Observations:

Test Description
Identifier: Test Purpose:
TD_TRA_3059_01 TP_TRA_3059_01
Summary:
"A SIIT_Translator must translate ICMPv4 Time Exceeded messages to ICMPv6 Time
Exceeded messages"
Roles: Configuration:
SIIT_Translator CF_TRA_02
References:
RQ_003_3059, RQ_003_3060
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 4
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates receipt of the response from QE1 }
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 3
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates Time_Exceeded }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 4 to QE1
2 Check: does QE2 receive an Echo Reply from QE1 YES NO
3 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request indicating TTL of 3 to QE1
4 Check: does QE3 indicate Time_Exceeded to QE2 YES NO
Observations:
Check TP_TRA_3059_01, last "then" is perform by QE3.

ETSI

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13 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Test Description
Identifier: TD_TRA_3063_01 Test Purpose: TP_TRA_3063_01
Summary: "A SIIT_Translator must translate IPv4 packets with an IPv4 address compatible with the pool
of IPv4_Translated Address of IPv6 Nodes"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3063
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates receipt of the response }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request to QE1
2 Check: does QE2 receive an Echo Reply from QE1 YES NO
Observations:

Test Description
Identifier: Test Purpose:
TD_TRA_3064_01 TP_TRA_3064_01
Summary:
"A SIIT_Translator must translate ICMPv4 Destination Unreachable (host unreachable)
messages to ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable (no route to destination) messages"
Roles: Configuration:
SIIT_Translator CF_TRA_02
References:
RQ_003_3064
with {  QE1 disconnected
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates that QE1 is not reachable }
}
Pre-test conditions: QE1 is disconnected from the Network_A
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request to QE1
2 Check: does QE3 indicate QE1 is unreachable to QE2 YES NO
Observations:
Check TP_TRA_3064_01, last "then" is perform by QE3.

ETSI

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14 ETSI TS 102 620 V1.1.1 (2008-02)
Group 2.2: Translating from IPv6 to IPv4
Test Description
Identifier: Test Purpose:
TD_TRA_3080_01 TP_TRA_3080_01
Summary: "The SIIT_Tranlator must copy the Hop Limit from IPv6 header s to the TTL value in the
resulting IPv4 header s. During translation, the translator shall decrement the IPv4 TTL value or
IPv6 Hop Limit"
Roles: SIIT_Translator Configuration: CF_TRA_02
References: RQ_003_3080, RQ_003_3081
with {
   }
ensure that {
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 4
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 indicates receipt of the response from QE1 }
 when { QE2 sends a packet indicating that a response is requested
       and indicating TTL of 3
       to QE1 }
 then { QE2 receives no response from QE1 }
}
Pre-test conditions:
Step Test Sequence Verdict
Pass Fail
1 Cause QE2 to send an Echo Request indicat
...