ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)

Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short Range Radar equipment operating
in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band;
Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement

2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG31B-001-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing, UWB
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3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 10
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 10
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 10
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 10
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 11
5.2 External test power source. 11
5.3 Normal test conditions . 11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 11
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 11
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 11
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 11
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 12
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 12
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 12
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 12
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 12
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 12
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 12
6 General conditions . 12
6.1 Test fixture . 13
6.1.1 Requirements . 13
6.1.2 Calibration . 13
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables and waveguides . 14
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 15
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in 77 GHz to 81 GHz band. 16
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16
7.1.1.1 Definition . 16
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 16
7.1.1.3 Limits . 17
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power spectral density (e.i.r.p.) . 17
7.1.2.1 Definition . 17
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 17
7.1.2.3 Limits . 18
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) . 18
7.1.3.1 Definition . 18
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 18
7.1.3.3 Limits . 19
7.2 Maximum radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 19
7.2.1 Definition . 19
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 19
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 20
7.2.4 Limits . 20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 21
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 21
8.1.1 Definition . 21
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 21
8.1.3 Limit . 21
9 Interpretation of measurement results . 22
9.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 22
9.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 23
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 24
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 24
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 24
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 24
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 24
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 25
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 26
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 27
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 28
B.1 Radiated measurements . 28
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 29
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 29
C.1.1 Definition . 29
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 30
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency hopping) . 30
C.2.1 Definition . 30
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 31
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 31
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 31
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 31
C.3 PN-ASK (Pseudo noise coded amplitude shift keying) . 32
C.3.1 Definition . 32
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 33
C.4 PN-PSK (Pseudo noise coded phase shift keying) . 33
C.4.1 Definition . 33
C.4.2 Typical operation parameters . 34
C.5 Frequency modulated continuous wave . 34
C.5.1 Definition . 34
C.5.2 Typical operating parameters . 35
C.6 Combination of modulation types . 35
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 79 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 36
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power spectral density to e.i.r.p. . 37
E.1 Assumptions . 37
E.2 Example . 37
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 38
History . 39

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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4]. For use on vehicles
outside the scope of Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate
for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 50 MHz occupied bandwidth in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz frequency
range, hereinafter referred to as the 79 GHz range, intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)
applications. Applications include e.g. Short Range Radar (SRR) for obstacle detection, stop&go, blind spot detection,
parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. Applications that might interfere with automotive
SRR systems, e.g. road infrastructure systems, are explicitly excluded.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in the frequency range as defined in the EC decision
2004/545/EC [i.2] and the ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)03 [i.1].
The document applies to:
a) transmitters in the 79 GHz range operating as broadband devices;
b) receivers operating in the 79 GHz range;
c) integrated transceivers in the 79 GHz range.
The present document:
• contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral
antennas operating in the 79 GHz range;
• covers short range radar vehicle applications in the 79 GHz range. It covers integrated transceivers and
separate transmit/receive modules.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts - V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)03 of 19 March 2004 on the frequency band 77 - 81 GHz to be
designated for the use of Automotive Short Range Radars.
[i.2] EC decision 2004/545/EC of 8 July 2004 on the harmonization of radio spectrum in the 79 GHz
range for the use of automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community.
[i.3] Radio Regulations: "International Telecommunication Union, Edition of 2004".
[i.4] Commission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles
and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 264-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 79 GHz range occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually and depending on how the device is
triggered will also depend on whether the duty cycle is fixed or random. The duty cycle is categorized in
4 different duty cycle classes.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power spectral density transmitted, assuming an
isotropic radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power spectral density into the antenna" and "antenna
gain". e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power spectral density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak envelope power: mean power (round mean square for sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna
during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions (see
Radio Regulations [i.3])
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth.
In case of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism is deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a larger
frequency range
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ Wavelength
ac alternating current
B Bandwidth
B Frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E Field strength
E Reference field strength
o
f Carrier frequency
c
f Hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G Antenna gain
a
P Radiated power
rad
P Radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
P Signal generator power
s
R Distance
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
τ Pulse width
T Blank time period
blk
T Chip period
c
T Dwell time
dw
T Frame time
fr
T Pulse power duration
pw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
CW Call Waiting
dB deciBel
DC Direct Current
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FMICW Frequency Modulated Interrupted Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitation Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PN Pseudo Noise
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4]
shall be done on the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7
and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any auxiliary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a stand alone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the document have been met without the
necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
All reasonable efforts should be made to clearly demonstrate that emissions from the UWB transmitter do not exceed
the specified levels, with the transmitter in the far field. Where it is not practical to further reduce the measurement
bandwidth (either because of limitations of commonly-available test equipment or difficulties in converting readings
taken using one measurement bandwidth, and the required measurement distance would be so short that the device
would not clearly be within the far field), the test report shall state this fact, the measurement distance and bandwidth
used, the near field/far field distance for the measurement setup, the measured device emissions, the achievable
measurement noise floor and the frequency range(s) involved.
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13 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
6.1 Test fixture
6.1.1 Requirements
The test fixture for radio equipment operating in the 79 GHz range shall enable the EUT to be physically supported,
together with a wave guide horn antenna Rx which is used to measure the transmitted energy, in a fixed physical
relationship to the EUT or calibration antenna Tx (see figure 1). The test fixture shall be designed for use in an anechoic
environment and allow certain measurements to be performed in the far field, i.e. at a distance greater than 2d /λ ,
where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT.
The test fixture shall incorporate at least one 50 Ω RF connector, a device for electromagnetic coupling to the EUT and
a means for repeatable positioning of the EUT. Its compactness shall enable the whole assembly to be accommodated
within a test chamber, usually a climatic facility. The circuitry associated with the RF coupling device shall not contain
active or non-linear components.
Only after it has been verified that the test fixture does not affect performance of the EUT, the EUT can be confidently
tested.
At set-up, the EUT shall be aligned in the test fixture so that the maximum power is detected at the coupled output (see
also clause 7.1). Orientation of the horn antenna will take into account the polarization of the EUT.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide a connection to an external power supply.
The test fixture shall be provided by the provider together with a full description, which shall meet the approval of the
selected accredited test laboratory.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be measured and shall be approved by the accredited test
laboratory. It shall conform to the following basic parameters:
• the gain of the waveguide horn shall not exceed 20 dB;
• the physical distance between the front face of the EUT and the waveguide horn shall be between 50 cm and
1 m;
• the minimum distance between the transmitting and receiving antenna shall guarantee mutual far field
conditions (distance greater than 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT);
• the physical height between the centre of the EUT and the supporting structure of the test fixture shall be
between 50 cm and 60 cm;
NOTE: Information on uncertainty contributions, and verification procedures are detailed in clauses 5 and 6,
respectively, of TR 102 273-6 [2].
• the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) at the waveguide flange at which measurements are made shall not
be greater than 1,5;
• the performance of the test fixture when mounted in the anechoic chamber or in a temperature chamber, shall
be unaffected by the proximity of surrounding objects or people inside the chamber. The performance shall be
reproducible if the EUT is removed and then replaced;
• the performance of the test fixture shall remain within the defined limits of the calibration report, when the test
conditions are varied over the limits described in clauses 5.3 and 5.4.
The characteristics and calibration of the test fixture shall be included in a calibration report.
6.1.2 Calibration
The calibration of the test fixture establishes the relationship between the detected output from the test fixture, and the
transmitted power (as sampled at the position of the antenna) from the EUT in the test fixture. This can be achieved by
using a calibrated horn with a gain of equal to or less than 20 dB, fed from an external signal source, in place of the
EUT to determine the variations in detected power with temperature and over frequency.
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14 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
The calibration of the test fixture shall be carried out by either the provider of the EUT or the accredited test laboratory.
The results shall be approved by the accredited test laboratory.
The calibration should be carried out over the operating frequency band, at least three frequencies, for the declared
polarization of the EUT, and over the temperature ranges specified in clause 5.4.1.2.
Waveguide
Horn
Equipment
15 cm Pyramid
Under Test
absorber
Waveguide Interface
Flange
50 cm to 60 cm
Figure 1: Test fixture
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables and waveguides
All RF cables or waveguide interconnects, including their connectors at both ends, used within the measurement
arrangements and set-ups shall adhere to the following characteristics:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,5 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
All RF cables and waveguide interconnects shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation
pattern, antenna gain, antenna impedance.
ETSI
50 cm to 60 cm
15 Final draft ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-04)
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber
Due to the low power emitted by the EUT, the test site shall be a shielded anechoic chamber.
A typical anechoic chamber is shown in figure 2. This type of test chamber attempts to simula
...

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short Range Radar equipment operating
in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band;
Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement

2 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG31B-001-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
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Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 10
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 10
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 10
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 10
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 11
5.2 External test power source. 11
5.3 Normal test conditions . 11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 11
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 11
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 11
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 11
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 12
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 12
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 12
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 12
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 12
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 12
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 12
6 General conditions . 12
6.1 Test fixture . 13
6.1.1 Requirements . 13
6.1.2 Calibration . 13
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables and waveguides . 14
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 15
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in 77 GHz to 81 GHz band. 16
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16
7.1.1.1 Definition . 16
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 16
7.1.1.3 Limits . 17
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power spectral density (e.i.r.p.) . 17
7.1.2.1 Definition . 17
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 17
7.1.2.3 Limits . 18
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) . 18
7.1.3.1 Definition . 18
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 18
7.1.3.3 Limits . 19
7.2 Maximum radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 19
7.2.1 Definition . 19
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 19
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 20
7.2.4 Limits . 20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 21
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 21
8.1.1 Definition . 21
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 21
8.1.3 Limit . 21
9 Interpretation of measurement results . 22
9.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 22
9.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 23
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 24
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 24
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 24
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 24
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 24
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 25
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 26
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 27
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 28
B.1 Radiated measurements . 28
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 29
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 29
C.1.1 Definition . 29
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 30
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency hopping) . 30
C.2.1 Definition . 30
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 31
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 31
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 31
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 31
C.3 PN-ASK (Pseudo noise coded amplitude shift keying) . 32
C.3.1 Definition . 32
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 33
C.4 PN-PSK (Pseudo noise coded phase shift keying) . 33
C.4.1 Definition . 33
C.4.2 Typical operation parameters . 34
C.5 Frequency modulated continuous wave . 34
C.5.1 Definition . 34
C.5.2 Typical operating parameters . 35
C.6 Combination of modulation types . 35
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 79 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 36
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power spectral density to e.i.r.p. . 37
E.1 Assumptions . 37
E.2 Example . 37
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 38
History . 39
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4]. For use on vehicles
outside the scope of Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate
for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 16 June 2009
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2009
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2010
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2010

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 50 MHz occupied bandwidth in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz frequency
range, hereinafter referred to as the 79 GHz range, intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)
applications. Applications include e.g. Short Range Radar (SRR) for obstacle detection, stop&go, blind spot detection,
parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. Applications that might interfere with automotive
SRR systems, e.g. road infrastructure systems, are explicitly excluded.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in the frequency range as defined in the EC decision
2004/545/EC [i.2] and the ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)03 [i.1].
The document applies to:
a) transmitters in the 79 GHz range operating as broadband devices;
b) receivers operating in the 79 GHz range;
c) integrated transceivers in the 79 GHz range.
The present document:
• contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral
antennas operating in the 79 GHz range;
• covers short range radar vehicle applications in the 79 GHz range. It covers integrated transceivers and
separate transmit/receive modules.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts - V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)03 of 19 March 2004 on the frequency band 77 - 81 GHz to be
designated for the use of Automotive Short Range Radars.
[i.2] EC decision 2004/545/EC of 8 July 2004 on the harmonization of radio spectrum in the 79 GHz
range for the use of automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community.
[i.3] Radio Regulations: "International Telecommunication Union, Edition of 2004".
[i.4] Commission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles
and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 264-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 79 GHz range occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually and depending on how the device is
triggered will also depend on whether the duty cycle is fixed or random. The duty cycle is categorized in
4 different duty cycle classes.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power spectral density transmitted, assuming an
isotropic radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power spectral density into the antenna" and "antenna
gain". e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power spectral density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak envelope power: mean power (round mean square for sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna
during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions (see
Radio Regulations [i.3])
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth.
In case of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism is deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a larger
frequency range
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ Wavelength
ac alternating current
B Bandwidth
B Frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E Field strength
E Reference field strength
o
f Carrier frequency
c
f Hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G Antenna gain
a
P Radiated power
rad
P Radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
P Signal generator power
s
R Distance
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
τ Pulse width
T Blank time period
blk
T Chip period
c
T Dwell time
dw
T Frame time
fr
T Pulse power duration
pw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
CW Call Waiting
dB deciBel
DC Direct Current
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FMICW Frequency Modulated Interrupted Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitation Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PN Pseudo Noise
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4]
shall be done on the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7
and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any auxiliary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a stand alone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the document have been met without the
necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
All reasonable efforts should be made to clearly demonstrate that emissions from the UWB transmitter do not exceed
the specified levels, with the transmitter in the far field. Where it is not practical to further reduce the measurement
bandwidth (either because of limitations of commonly-available test equipment or difficulties in converting readings
taken using one measurement bandwidth, and the required measurement distance would be so short that the device
would not clearly be within the far field), the test report shall state this fact, the measurement distance and bandwidth
used, the near field/far field distance for the measurement setup, the measured device emissions, the achievable
measurement noise floor and the frequency range(s) involved.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
6.1 Test fixture
6.1.1 Requirements
The test fixture for radio equipment operating in the 79 GHz range shall enable the EUT to be physically supported,
together with a wave guide horn antenna Rx which is used to measure the transmitted energy, in a fixed physical
relationship to the EUT or calibration antenna Tx (see figure 1). The test fixture shall be designed for use in an anechoic
environment and allow certain measurements to be performed in the far field, i.e. at a distance greater than 2d /λ ,
where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT.
The test fixture shall incorporate at least one 50 Ω RF connector, a device for electromagnetic coupling to the EUT and
a means for repeatable positioning of the EUT. Its compactness shall enable the whole assembly to be accommodated
within a test chamber, usually a climatic facility. The circuitry associated with the RF coupling device shall not contain
active or non-linear components.
Only after it has been verified that the test fixture does not affect performance of the EUT, the EUT can be confidently
tested.
At set-up, the EUT shall be aligned in the test fixture so that the maximum power is detected at the coupled output (see
also clause 7.1). Orientation of the horn antenna will take into account the polarization of the EUT.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide a connection to an external power supply.
The test fixture shall be provided by the provider together with a full description, which shall meet the approval of the
selected accredited test laboratory.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be measured and shall be approved by the accredited test
laboratory. It shall conform to the following basic parameters:
• the gain of the waveguide horn shall not exceed 20 dB;
• the physical distance between the front face of the EUT and the waveguide horn shall be between 50 cm and
1 m;
• the minimum distance between the transmitting and receiving antenna shall guarantee mutual far field
conditions (distance greater than 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT);
• the physical height between the centre of the EUT and the supporting structure of the test fixture shall be
between 50 cm and 60 cm;
NOTE: Information on uncertainty contributions, and verification procedures are detailed in clauses 5 and 6,
respectively, of TR 102 273-6 [2].
• the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) at the waveguide flange at which measurements are made shall not
be greater than 1,5;
• the performance of the test fixture when mounted in the anechoic chamber or in a temperature chamber, shall
be unaffected by the proximity of surrounding objects or people inside the chamber. The performance shall be
reproducible if the EUT is removed and then replaced;
• the performance of the test fixture shall remain within the defined limits of the calibration report, when the test
conditions are varied over the limits described in clauses 5.3 and 5.4.
The characteristics and calibration of the test fixture shall be included in a calibration report.
6.1.2 Calibration
The calibration of the test fixture establishes the relationship between the detected output from the test fixture, and the
transmitted power (as sampled at the position of the antenna) from the EUT in the test fixture. This can be achieved by
using a calibrated horn with a gain of equal to or less than 20 dB, fed from an external signal source, in place of the
EUT to determine the variations in detected power with temperature and over frequency.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
The calibration of the test fixture shall be carried out by either the provider of the EUT or the accredited test laboratory.
The results shall be approved by the accredited test laboratory.
The calibration should be carried out over the operating frequency band, at least three frequencies, for the declared
polarization of the EUT, and over the temperature ranges specified in clause 5.4.1.2.
Waveguide
Horn
Equipment
15 cm Pyramid
Under Test
absorber
Waveguide Interface
Flange
50 cm to 60 cm
Figure 1: Test fixture
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables and waveguides
All RF cables or waveguide interconnects, including their connectors at both ends, used within the measurement
arrangements and set-ups shall adhere to the following characteristics:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,5 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
All RF cables and waveguide interconnects shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation
pattern, antenna gain, antenna impedance.
ETSI
50 cm to 60 cm
15 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber
Due to the low power emitted by the EUT, the test site shall be a shielded anechoic chamber.
A typical anechoic chamber is shown in figure 2. This type of test chamber attempts to simulate free space conditions.
Absorber
Shielding
d d d
1 2
Reference points
γ
θ
d
EUT
Test antenna
h
d
ϕ
Non-conductive supports
d
d
Absorber
Figure 2: Typical anechoic chamber
The chamber contains suitable antenna supports on both ends.
The supports carr
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2009
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1DSUDYHNUDWNHJDGRVHJD&HVWQDWUDQVSRUWQDLQSURPHWQDWHOHPDWLND5777
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7HKQLþQH]DKWHYHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices
- Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods
of measurement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 264-1 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
transportu in trgovini and trade
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short Range Radar equipment operating
in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band;
Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement

2 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG31B-001-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
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Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 10
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 10
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 10
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 10
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 11
5.2 External test power source. 11
5.3 Normal test conditions . 11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 11
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 11
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 11
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 11
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 12
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 12
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 12
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 12
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 12
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 12
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 12
6 General conditions . 12
6.1 Test fixture . 13
6.1.1 Requirements . 13
6.1.2 Calibration . 13
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables and waveguides . 14
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 15
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in 77 GHz to 81 GHz band. 16
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16
7.1.1.1 Definition . 16
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 16
7.1.1.3 Limits . 17
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power spectral density (e.i.r.p.) . 17
7.1.2.1 Definition . 17
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 17
7.1.2.3 Limits . 18
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) . 18
7.1.3.1 Definition . 18
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 18
7.1.3.3 Limits . 19
7.2 Maximum radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 19
7.2.1 Definition . 19
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 19
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 20
7.2.4 Limits . 20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 21
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 21
8.1.1 Definition . 21
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 21
8.1.3 Limit . 21
9 Interpretation of measurement results . 22
9.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 22
9.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 23
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 24
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 24
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 24
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 24
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 24
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 25
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 26
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 27
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 28
B.1 Radiated measurements . 28
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 29
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 29
C.1.1 Definition . 29
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 30
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency hopping) . 30
C.2.1 Definition . 30
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 31
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 31
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 31
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 31
C.3 PN-ASK (Pseudo noise coded amplitude shift keying) . 32
C.3.1 Definition . 32
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 33
C.4 PN-PSK (Pseudo noise coded phase shift keying) . 33
C.4.1 Definition . 33
C.4.2 Typical operation parameters . 34
C.5 Frequency modulated continuous wave . 34
C.5.1 Definition . 34
C.5.2 Typical operating parameters . 35
C.6 Combination of modulation types . 35
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 79 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 36
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power spectral density to e.i.r.p. . 37
E.1 Assumptions . 37
E.2 Example . 37
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 38
History . 39
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4]. For use on vehicles
outside the scope of Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate
for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 16 June 2009
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2009
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2010
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2010

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 50 MHz occupied bandwidth in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz frequency
range, hereinafter referred to as the 79 GHz range, intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)
applications. Applications include e.g. Short Range Radar (SRR) for obstacle detection, stop&go, blind spot detection,
parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. Applications that might interfere with automotive
SRR systems, e.g. road infrastructure systems, are explicitly excluded.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in the frequency range as defined in the EC decision
2004/545/EC [i.2] and the ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)03 [i.1].
The document applies to:
a) transmitters in the 79 GHz range operating as broadband devices;
b) receivers operating in the 79 GHz range;
c) integrated transceivers in the 79 GHz range.
The present document:
• contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral
antennas operating in the 79 GHz range;
• covers short range radar vehicle applications in the 79 GHz range. It covers integrated transceivers and
separate transmit/receive modules.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts - V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)03 of 19 March 2004 on the frequency band 77 - 81 GHz to be
designated for the use of Automotive Short Range Radars.
[i.2] EC decision 2004/545/EC of 8 July 2004 on the harmonization of radio spectrum in the 79 GHz
range for the use of automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community.
[i.3] Radio Regulations: "International Telecommunication Union, Edition of 2004".
[i.4] Commission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles
and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 264-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar equipment
operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 79 GHz range occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually and depending on how the device is
triggered will also depend on whether the duty cycle is fixed or random. The duty cycle is categorized in
4 different duty cycle classes.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power spectral density transmitted, assuming an
isotropic radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power spectral density into the antenna" and "antenna
gain". e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power spectral density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak envelope power: mean power (round mean square for sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna
during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions (see
Radio Regulations [i.3])
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth.
In case of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism is deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a larger
frequency range
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ Wavelength
ac alternating current
B Bandwidth
B Frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E Field strength
E Reference field strength
o
f Carrier frequency
c
f Hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G Antenna gain
a
P Radiated power
rad
P Radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
P Signal generator power
s
R Distance
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
τ Pulse width
T Blank time period
blk
T Chip period
c
T Dwell time
dw
T Frame time
fr
T Pulse power duration
pw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
CW Call Waiting
dB deciBel
DC Direct Current
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FMICW Frequency Modulated Interrupted Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitation Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PN Pseudo Noise
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Commission Directive 2004/104/EC [i.4]
shall be done on the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7
and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any auxiliary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a stand alone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the document have been met without the
necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
All reasonable efforts should be made to clearly demonstrate that emissions from the UWB transmitter do not exceed
the specified levels, with the transmitter in the far field. Where it is not practical to further reduce the measurement
bandwidth (either because of limitations of commonly-available test equipment or difficulties in converting readings
taken using one measurement bandwidth, and the required measurement distance would be so short that the device
would not clearly be within the far field), the test report shall state this fact, the measurement distance and bandwidth
used, the near field/far field distance for the measurement setup, the measured device emissions, the achievable
measurement noise floor and the frequency range(s) involved.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 264-1 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
6.1 Test fixture
6.1.1 Requirements
The test fixture for radio equipment operating in the 79 GHz range shall enable the EUT to be physically supported,
together with a wave guide horn antenna Rx which is used to measure the transmitted energy, in a fixed physical
relationship to the EUT or calibration antenna Tx (see figure 1). The test fixture shall be designed for use in an anechoic
environment and allow certain measurements to be performed in the far field, i.e. at a distance greater than 2d /λ ,
where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT.
The test fixture shall incorporate at least one 50 Ω RF connector, a device for electromagnetic coupling to the EUT and
a means for repeatable positioning of the EUT. Its compactness shall enable the whole assembly to be accommodated
within a test chamber, usually a climatic facility. The circuitry associated with the RF coupling device shall not contain
active or non-linear components.
Only after it has been verified that the test fixture does not affect performance of the EUT, the EUT can be confidently
tested.
At set-up, the EUT shall be aligned in the test fixture so that the maximum power is detected at the coupled output (see
also clause 7.1). Orientation of the horn antenna will take into account the polarization of the EUT.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide a connection to an external power supply.
The test fixture shall be provided by the provider together with a full description, which shall meet the approval of the
selected accredited test laboratory.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be measured and shall be approved by the accredited test
laboratory. It shall conform to the following basic parameters:
• the gain of the waveguide horn shall not exceed 20 dB;
• the physical distance between the front face of the EUT and the waveguide horn shall be between 50 cm and
1 m;
• the minimum distance between the transmitting and receiving antenna shall guarantee mutual far field
conditions (distance greater than 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT);
• the physical height between the centre of the EUT and the supporting structure of the test fixture shall be
between 50 cm and 60 cm;
NOTE: Information on uncertainty contributions, and verification procedures are detailed in clauses 5 and 6,
respectively, of TR 102 273-6 [2].
• the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) at the waveguide flange at which measurements are made shall not
be greater than 1,5;
• the performance of the test fixture when mounted in the anechoic chamber or in a temperature chamber, shall
be unaffected by the proximity of surrounding objects or people inside the chamber. The performance shall be
reproducible if the EUT is removed and then replaced;
• the performance of the test fixture shall remain within the defined limits of the calibration report, when the test
conditions are varied over the limits described in clauses 5.3 and 5.4.
The characteristics and calibration of the test fixture shall be included in a calibration report.
6.1.2 Calibration
The calibration of the test fixture establishes the relationship between the detected output from the test fixture, and the
transmitted power (as sampled at the position of the antenna) from the EUT in the test fixture. This can be achieved by
using a calibrated horn with a gain of equal to or less than 20 dB, fed from an external signal source, in place of the
EUT to determine the variations in detected power with temperature and over frequency.
ETSI
SIST EN 302 264
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