ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)

Technical Specification
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD)
using Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
for Location and Tracking railroad applications;
RF conformance testing
2 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)

Reference
DTS/ERM-TGUWB-020
Keywords
DNS, enum, IMS
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 General equipment requirements for testing . 9
4.1 Presentation of product equipment for testing purposes . 9
4.2 Choice of model for testing . 9
4.2.1 Declarations by the manufacturer . 9
4.2.2 Marking and equipment identification . 10
4.3 Design, manufacturing and usage requirements . 10
4.3.1 General requirements . 10
4.3.2 Unlicensed UWB transmitters (indoor and vehicular transmitters only) . 10
4.3.3 Registered UWB fixed outdoor transmitters . 11
5 Conditions of testing and interpretation of results . 12
5.1 Normal test conditions . 12
5.2 Power sources . 12
5.3 Requirements for the test modulation . 12
5.4 Choice of equipment model for test suites . 12
5.5 Radiated measurement arrangements . 12
5.6 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 13
5.7 Interpretation of the measurement results . 13
5.8 Other emissions . 13
5.9 Measuring receiver . 13
6 Test setups and methods of measurement . 13
6.1 General . 13
7 Test procedures for essential radio test suites . 14
7.1 General . 14
7.2 Limits . 14
7.2.1 Introduction. 14
7.2.2 Operation bandwidth. 14
7.2.3 Maximum mean power spectrum density . 14
7.2.4 Maximum Peek power . 14
7.2.5 Other emissions . 15
7.2.6 Receiver spurious emissions . 15
7.2.7 Power control . 15
7.2.8 Detect and avoid . 15
7.3 Maximum allowable measurement uncertainty . 15
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 17
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 17
A.2 Installation requirements for Onboard Unit (OBU) and for Ground-based equipments in UWB
railroad applications . 17
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4 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
Annex B (normative): Requirements on testing UWB conformal antennas . 19
B.1 General . 19
B.2 Measurement setup . 20
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications . 22
History . 23

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5 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Introduction
Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio technology enables a new generation of high-speed data devices for short-range
communication purposes as well as for a variety of innovative location and tracking applications.
UWB devices with an operating bandwidth of several GHz allow tens of centimetre-level accuracy within real time
localization and positioning applications even in the presence of severe multipath effects caused by harsh radio
propagation environments.
The specified requirements covered in the present document describe UWB Location and Tracking applications which
may use either ultra-short pulse base band modulation or FMCW and SFCW modulation.
The background and related applications to the railway environment have been described in TR 101 538 [i.1] where
these applications are considered either indoor-like and outdoor systems, which may include ground-based terminals
and infrastructures at fixed locations wayside.
The UWB regulations [i.4] and [i.5] define two different sets of transmission limits and values applicable, respectively,
to the generic case of indoor/vehicular usage of UWB terminals and to the specific case of infrastructures intended for
Location and Tracking (Type 2: LT2) outdoor/indoor applications, using mobile/vehicular and fixed terminals
transmitting UWB signals.
Measurement methods and techniques are described in the present document and should be seen as feasible test
methods to prove regulation compliance of UWB Location and Tracking systems in railway environment, according to
the general provisions on UWB measurement techniques already defined in [5].
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6 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements of measurement techniques and procedures for the RF conformance
test of location and tracking systems for railroad application outdoor and indoor-like, using UWB technology operating
in the 3,1 GHz to 8,5 GHz frequency range.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[5] ETSI TS 102 883: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[6] ETSI TS 102 321: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validation of a fully lined anechoic chamber up to
40 GHz".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 101 538: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); UWB location tracking devices in the railroad environment".
[i.2] ECC Report 167: "on practical implementation of registration/coordination mechanism for LT2
systems".
[i.3] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[i.4] Last amendment of ECC DEC (06)04: "The harmonised conditions for devices using UWB
technology in bands below 10.6 GHz".
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7 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
[i.5] ECC REC(11)09: "UWB LOCATION TRACKING Systems TYPE 2 (LT2)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-
air emission time within a given time window
distance: Euclidean distance between two objects, i.e. real distance
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the transmitter to the total time
emissions: signals that leaked or are scattered into the air within the frequency range (that includes harmonics) which
depend on equipment's frequency band of operation
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator
EUT: UWB device with its antenna
fixed equipment: UWB location tracking device on a fixed position
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW): transmitter power is fairly constant but possibly zero during
periods giving a big duty cycle (such as 0,1 to 1)
NOTE: The frequency is modulated in some way giving a very wideband spectrum with a power versus time
variation which is clearly not pulsed.
mobile equipment: UWB location tracking device to be used while in motion or during halts at specified points
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
pulsed transmitter: transmitter signal has a microwave power consisting of short RF pulses
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
radiation: signals emitted intentionally inside a tank for level measurements
range: measured distance between two objects, i.e. erroneous distance
range resolution: ability to resolve two targets at different range
Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW): transmitter sequentially generates a number of frequencies with a
step size
NOTE: At each moment of transmission, a monochromatic wave is emitted. It is distinguished from FMCW that
has the instantaneous frequency band rather than a single frequency wave. The SFCW signal bandwidth is
synthesized by signal processing to achieve required resolution bandwidth.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
c velocity of light in a vacuum
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
dB deciBel
dBi gain in deciBel relative to an isotropic antenna
dBm decibel relative to 1 mW
∆h transmission interval
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8 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
∆t transmission on
D data rate
data
δR range resolution or multipath rejection resolution
E electrical field strength
E relative dielectric constant of earth materials
R
E
rms average electrical field strength measured as root mean square
f frequency
f frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
G efficient antenna gain of radiating structure
gain of the measurement LNA
GLNA
gain of the measurement antenna
GA
G(f) antenna gain over frequency
f highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
k Boltzmann constant
P Power
P power spectral density
e.i.r.p.
P measured spectral power
m
r range of UWB device
R ranging packet length
data
rms root mean square
t time
T Temperature
T pulse width
p
U Update rate
r
Z free space wave impedance
F0
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AF Activity Factor
BSS Board SubSystem
BW Bandwidth
CISPR Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques/ Special international committee
on radio interference
DAA Detect-And-Avoid
DC Direct Current
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FM Frequency Modulation
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
GSS Ground SubSystem
IT Information Technology
LDC Low Duty Cycle
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OATS Open Area Test Site
OBU OnBoard Unit
OE Other Emissions
PC Physical Contact
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Remote Management system
SFCW Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave
SMA SubMiniature version A (connectors)
TGUWB Task Group Ultra-wide Band
TP Total Power
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9 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
TPC Transmission Power Control
UE User Equipment
UWB Ultra WideBand
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 General equipment requirements for testing
4.1 Presentation of product equipment for testing purposes
The manufacturer shall submit one or more samples of the product equipment as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (see clause 4), conditions of testing and interpretation of results
(see clause 5), test setups and methods of measurements (see clause 6) and test procedures for essential radio test suites
(see clause 7).
The manufacturer shall offer equipment complete with any auxiliary equipment needed for testing.
4.2 Choice of model for testing
One or more samples of the EUT, as described in the following clause 5.5, shall be tested.
4.2.1 Declarations by the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall submit the necessary information regarding the equipment with respect to all technical
requirements set by the present document.
• relevant harmonized standard and environmental conditions of use/intended use;
• the type of UWB technology implemented in the equipment (e.g. impulse, carrier-based, FMCW, SFCW, etc.);
• the type of modulation schemes available (e.g. pulsed modulation, FM modulation, etc.);
• for all modulation schemes the modulation parameters need to be provided: for example modulation period,
frequency deviation, modulation bandwidth;
• the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment;
• the type of the equipment (e.g. stand-alone equipment, plug-in radio device, combined equipment, etc.);
• the intended combination(s) of the radio equipment power settings and one or more antenna assemblies and
their corresponding e.i.r.p. levels;
• the nominal power supply voltages of the stand-alone radio equipment or the nominal power supply voltages
of the host equipment or combined equipment in case of plug-in radio devices;
• the test modulation to be used for testing;
• the inclusion and any necessary implementation details of any mitigation or equivalent mitigation techniques;
• in case of conducted measurements, the antenna impedance as well as maximum antenna gain characteristics
(frequency response) over the relevant frequency range covered in the related harmonized standard.
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10 ETSI TS 103 085 V1.1.1 (2012-10)
4.2.2 Marking and equipment identification
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable.
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• The name of the manufacturer or his trademark.
• The type designation. This is the manufacturer's numeric or alphanumeric code or name that is specific to
particular equipment.
4.3 Design, manufacturing and usage requirements
4.3.1 General requirements
The equipment submitted by the manufacturer shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with
good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interferences to other equipments and services.
4.3.2 Unlicensed UWB transmitters (indoor and vehicular transmitters
only)
Such UWB technology, using indoor and vehicular transmitters only, intended for short-
...