ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)

Technical Report
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA);
Voice plus Data (V+D);
Designers' guide;
Part 2: Radio channels, network protocols and service
performance
2 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)

Reference
RTR/TETRA-03224
Keywords
data, TETRA, V+D, voice
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Radio channels performance . 11
4.1 Introduction . 11
4.2 Radio channels simulation description . 11
4.3 Performance of signalling channels . 14
4.3.1 AACH . 16
4.3.1.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 16
4.3.1.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 18
4.3.2 SCH/HU . 19
4.3.2.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 19
4.3.2.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 21
4.3.3 SCH/HD, BNCH and STCH . 22
4.3.3.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 22
4.3.3.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 22
4.3.4 SCH/F . 22
4.3.4.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 22
4.3.4.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 25
4.3.5 BSCH . 26
4.3.5.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 26
4.4 Performance of traffic channels . 28
4.4.1 TCH/7,2 . 30
4.4.1.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 30
4.4.1.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 33
4.4.2 TCH/4,8 N = 1 . 34
4.4.2.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 34
4.4.2.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 36
4.4.3 TCH/4,8 N = 4 . 37
4.4.3.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 37
4.4.3.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 39
4.4.4 TCH/4,8 N = 8 . 40
4.4.4.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 40
4.4.4.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 42
4.4.5 TCH/2,4 N = 1 . 43
4.4.5.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 43
4.4.5.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 45
4.4.6 TCH/2,4 N = 4 . 46
4.4.6.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 46
4.4.6.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 48
4.4.7 TCH/2,4 N = 8 . 49
4.4.7.1 Ideal synchronization technique . 49
4.4.7.2 Realistic synchronization technique . 51
5 Access protocols and service performance of TETRA V+D network . 52
5.1 Introduction . 52
5.2 General description of traffic scenarios . 52
5.2.1 Introduction. 52
5.2.2 Reference traffic scenarios . 52
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4 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
5.3 General description of network model . 53
5.3.1 Introduction. 53
5.3.2 General assumptions on communication layers . 54
5.3.3 Mobile user . 56
5.3.4 MS . 57
5.3.5 Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) . 58
5.3.5.1 Switching infrastructure . 59
5.3.5.2 Network data base . 59
5.3.6 External network . 60
5.3.7 Radio channels . 60
5.3.7.1 Power level of wanted signal . 61
5.3.7.2 Noise power . 62
5.3.7.3 Interference power . 62
5.3.7.4 Global evaluation . 63
5.3.7.5 Transmission on a dedicated timeslot . 63
5.3.7.6 Simultaneous transmissions for random access . 63
5.4 Description of evaluated parameters . 63
5.5 Access protocols and packet data performance . 67
5.5.1 Introduction. 67
5.5.2 Scenario 1: Urban and sub-urban PAMR network . 67
5.5.2.1 Introduction . 67
5.5.2.2 Simulation assumptions for Scenario 1 . 68
5.5.2.2.1 Simulated traffic scenario . 68
5.5.2.2.2 Simulated network procedures and reference access parameters . 68
5.5.2.2.3 Confidence analysis for scenario 1 results . 70
5.5.2.3 Influence of network data base delays . 70
5.5.2.4 Main control channel allocation . 77
5.5.2.4.1 Single MCCH . 77
5.5.2.4.2 Multiple MCCH. 83
5.5.2.5 Sensitivity to access control parameters and system configuration. 85
5.5.2.5.1 Reference configuration . 85
5.5.2.5.2 Influence of random access retry timer . 87
5.5.2.5.3 Influence of random access maximum number of re-transmissions (Nu) . 92
5.5.2.5.4 Influence of random access frame length . 97
5.5.2.5.5 Influence of basic link maximum number of re-transmissions . 102
5.5.2.5.6 Influence of random access technique . 106
5.5.3 Scenario 8: Urban and sub-urban PMR network . 112
5.5.3.1 Introduction . 112
5.5.3.2 Simulation assumptions for Scenario 8 . 112
5.5.3.2.1 Simulated traffic scenario . 112
5.5.3.2.2 Simulated network procedures and reference access parameters . 113
5.5.3.2.3 Confidence analysis for scenario 8 results . 115
5.5.3.3 Reference configuration for scenario 8 (scenario 8A). 115
5.5.3.4 Analysis of the system with different traffic profiles . 120
5.5.3.4.1 Variation of packet data traffic . 120
5.5.3.4.2 Variation of Dispatcher traffic level . 126
5.5.3.4.3 Analysis of different service priorities distributions . 133
5.5.3.4.4 Analysis with full duplex circuit calls . 140
5.5.3.5 Sensitivity analysis of network parameters . 144
5.5.3.5.1 Variation of the cell allocated radio resources . 144
5.5.3.5.2 Variation of the maximum hold time in the priority queues . 149
5.6 Circuit services performance (BER versus probability) . 151
5.6.1 Introduction. 151
5.6.2 Performance in TU propagation environment . 152
5.6.3 Performance in BU propagation environment . 153
5.6.4 Performance in RA propagation environment . 154
5.6.5 Performance in HT propagation environment . 156
Annex A: Traffic scenarios for TETRA V+D networks . 159
A.1 Introduction . 159
A.2 Scenarios . 159
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5 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
A.2.1 Scenario n. 1: Urban & sub-urban public network on a medium density European city . 160
A.2.2 Scenario n. 2: Urban & sub-urban public network on a high density European city, with ring motorways
and peripheric conglomerations . 161
A.2.3 Scenario n. 6: Urban & sub-urban private network on a medium density European city for utility
services . 162
A.2.4 Scenario n. 8: Urban and sub-urban private network on a high density European city, with peripheric
conglomerations, for emergency services . 163
Annex B: Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) of the simulated procedures . 167
B.1 Individual voice or circuit data call . 167
B.1.1 Calling MS and SwMI protocol stack related to the calling part . 167
B.1.2 Called MS and SwMI protocol stack related to the called part . 167
B.2 Group voice and circuit data call . 170
B.2.1 Calling mobile and SwMI in the calling side . 170
B.2.2 SwMI at called side and called mobile . 170
B.3 Individual M-F short data transmission . 173
B.3.1 Mobile to network data transmission. 173
B.3.2 Network to Mobile data transmission . 173
Annex C: Service Diagrams related to the model of Mobile user . 176
C.1 General description of the model of the TETRA user . 176
Annex D: Service Diagrams related to the MS . 177
D.1 Random access procedure. . 177
D.2 Individual voice and circuit data call . 179
D.2.1 Originating mobile side . 179
D.2.2 Terminating mobile side . 179
D.3 Group voice and circuit data call . 181
D.3.1 Originating mobile side . 181
D.3.2 Terminating mobile side . 181
D.4 Packet data call . 183
D.4.1 Originating mobile side . 183
D.4.2 Terminating mobile side . 183
Annex E: Service diagrams related to the SwMI . 186
E.1 Individual voice and circuit data call . 186
E.1.1 Calling side SwMI . 186
E.1.2 Called side SwMI . 186
E.2 Group voice and circuit data call . 189
E.2.1 Calling side SwMI . 189
E.2.2 Called part SwMI . 189
E.3 Packet data call . 192
E.3.1 Calling side SwMI . 192
E.3.2 Called side SwMI . 192
Annex F: Simulations for performance at 138 MHz to 300 MHz . 195
F.1 Introduction . 195
F.2 Simulation results . 195
F.2.1 General observations . 195
F.2.2 Simulator at 138 MHz for TU50 Channel against clause 4.3 . 197
F.2.3 Simulator at 138 MHz for HT200 Channel against clause 4.3 . 207
Annex G: Simulator validation . 219
G.1 Introduction . 219
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6 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
G.2 System Design . 219
G.3 Simulation Results . 220
G.3.1 Simulation plan . 220
G.3.2 Validation of the simulator against clause 4.3 for TU channel. 221
G.3.3 Validation of the simulator against clause 4.3 for HT channel. 232
History . 244

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7 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA).
The present document is part 6 of a multi-part deliverable covering Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus
Data (V+D); Designers' guide, as identified below:
ETR 300-1: "Overview, technical description and radio aspects";
TR 102 300-2: "Radio channels, network protocols and service performance";
TR 102 300-3: "Direct Mode Operation (DMO)";
ETR 300-4: "Network management";
TR 102 300-5: "Guidance on numbering and addressing";
TR 102 300-6: "Air-Ground-Air".
This version of the present document adds results of the new simulations done in setting performance requirements for
TETRA equipment working at frequency range 138 MHz to 300 MHz.
The original document (ETR 300-2 ed.1) is kept without modifications and the new result as presented in annexes F
and G.
NOTE: Clauses 4 to 5.6.5 and annexes A to E contain historical information and that may have been modified in
the actual protocol definitions in EN 300 392-2 [i.2].
Annex A provides details of the traffic scenarios for TETRA V+D systems.
Annex B provides Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) of all the simulated procedures.
Annexes C, D and E provide Service Diagrams (SDs) related to the various models.
Introduction
The design of a mobile radio network is a complex process where many parameters play an important role.
The starting point of this process is the estimate of the traffic that is offered to the network. For a single mobile
subscriber, the type of required services, the frequency of requests, the duration and the minimum performance are the
common variables that are considered in the estimate. Moreover the number of subscribers and their distribution inside
the network allow the estimation of the total amount of traffic.
A parallel operation is the investigation of the propagation environment in the region where the network will be placed.
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8 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
The cell positioning and dimensioning is a crucial step in the design process. More than the amount of the offered traffic
and of the propagation environment, an important role is played by the knowledge of how the design choices affect the
performance for the offered services. This information is strongly related to the particular radio interface of the mobile
radio system.
The positioning and dimensioning of network switches and databases close the overall process. As in the case of radio
interface, this operation requires the knowledge about the influence of the design choices on the overall performance.
The design process is usually iterative. A final analysis on the whole network allows to check the validity of the
process. In case of inadequate result, the process is repeated.
The evaluation of effects of the design choices on the overall network performance is usually performed by simulation
(nevertheless, when some network have been deployed, it can be done also through real experiment).
This evaluation should allow the designer to determine the radio coverage and the resource allocation just starting from
the target performance for the provided services. Due to the complex structure of a mobile network this operation is
usually made by iterations. Starting from the network configuration, the overall performance are evaluated, then the
comparison with the target performance can lead to accept or to repeat the evaluation with different parameters.
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9 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
1 Scope
The scope of the present document is to be a useful, but not exhaustive, basis to a network designer for the cell planning
and radio resource allocation during the design process. The present document reports the performance of a TErrestrial
Trunked RAdio (TETRA) Voice plus Data (V+D) network in some different scenarios.
All the presented results have been evaluated through computer simulations by some companies taking part in the
TETRA standardization bodies. The network users involved in the development of the TETRA standard provided some
realistic and significant network scenarios, giving information about the offered traffic.
The characterization of radio channels is the first step for the evaluation of performance of both network protocols and
quality of provided services. The present document starts with the description and the illustration of performance of
TETRA V+D radio channels, in terms of Bit Error Ratio (BER) and Message Erasure Rate (MER) as function of the
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Carrier on co-channel Interference ratio (C/I).
The present document also deals with the performance of network protocols (in terms of delay and throughput) and of
provided services (BER for circuit switched services and delay plus throughput for packet switched services). A
consequence of the analysis of access protocols is the evaluation of traffic capacity of control and traffic channels.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 392-1: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D);
Part 1: General network design".
[i.2] ETSI EN 300 392-2 / ETSI TS 100 392-2: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data
(V+D); Part 2: Air Interface (AI)".
NOTE: The references EN 300 392-2 and TS 100 392-2 are two instances of the same document. For a shorter
presentation only EN 300 392-2 [i.2] is used as the reference in the present document.
[i.3] CEC Report COST 207: "Digital Land Mobile Communications".
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10 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AACH Access Assign CHannel
BER Bit Error Rate
BNCH Broadcast Network CHannel
BS Base Station
BSCH Broadcast Synchronization CHannel
BUx Bad Urban at x km/h
C/I Carrier on co-channel Interference ratio
c
CC Call Control
CONP Connection Oriented Network Protocol
DMO Direct Mode Operation
E /N Signal on Noise ratio
s 0
HTx Hilly Terrain at x km/h
ISDN Intergrated Services Digital Network
LLC Logical Link Control
MAC Medium Access Control
MCCH Main Control CHannel
MER Message Erasure Rate
MLE Mobile Link Entity
MMI Man Machine Interface
MS Mobile Station
MSC Message Sequence Chart
NFD Net Filter Discrimination
PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PMR Private Mobile Radio
PSTN Public Services Telephone Network
PUEM Probability of Undetected Erroneous Messages
RAx Rural Area at x km/h
RCPC Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional
REF REFerence
RF Radio Frequency
RM Reed-Müller
SCH Signalling CHannel
SCH/F Signalling CHannel / Full slot
SCH/F Signalling CHannel, Full size
SCH/HD Signalling CHannel / Half slot Downlink
SCH/HD Signalling CHannel, Half size Downlink
SCH/HU Signalling CHannel / Half slot Uplink
SCH/HU Signalling CHannel, Half size Uplink
SCLNP Special Connection Less Network Protocol
SDL Specification and Description Language
SDS Short Data Service
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
STCH STealing CHannel
SwMI Switching and Mobility Infrastructure
TCH Traffic CHannel
TCH/S Traffic CHannel / Speech
TCH/x N=y Traffic CHannel for x kbit/s and interleaving depth N=y
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TETRA TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
trasm/h Transmissions per hour
TUx Typical Urban at x km/h
UNIF UNIForm
V+D Voice plus Data
π/4-DQPSK π/4-shifted Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
NOTE: Instead of HTx and Tux also HT-x and TU-x are used in the present document.
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11 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
4 Radio channels performance
4.1 Introduction
Performance of TETRA V+D logical radio channels are reported in this clause. They have been evaluated through
computer simulations for all the propagation environments that are modelled in EN 300 392-2 [i.2], clause 6. Moreover,
performance are also reported for some values of the Mobile Station (MS) speed in each propagation environment.
Radio channel figures are preceded by the description of the model of radio channels and of the assumptions that have
been considered for simulations. Then, for each channel, performance figures are grouped and showed in the following
order:
- comparison among different propagation environments with one value of MS speed per environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in TU propagation environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in BU propagation environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in RA propagation environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in HT propagation environment.
Due to the different possibilities in the model of the radio receiver, two groups of simulations have been carried out:
1) the first with ideal synchronization technique; and
2) the second with a particular implementation of the synchronization block.
In the present document performance figures are distinguished in two clauses for each channel and scenario.
Figures that are reported in this clause will be considered as the basis for the evaluation of network protocol and traffic
performance, presented in the following clauses.
4.2 Radio channels simulation description
Each of the TETRA V+D logical channels has been defined in order to exploit particular data transmissions (protocol
messages or user data) over the radio interface. In order to match the requirements related to throughput and error rate,
each channel has been designed with a suitable coding scheme. The complete description of logical channels is found in
EN 300 392-2 [i.2], clause 8.
On the basis of their usage in the system, the logical channels can be divided in two main groups:
- Signalling channels:
All signalling messages and packet switched user data are carried on these channels. Error detection and error
correction coding schemes are applied on transmitted messages. Moreover for these applications it is required
that corrupted messages are discarded in order to not cause erroneous state transitions. The coding schemes of
TETRA V+D channels have been designed in order to minimize the probability that an erroneous message is
not detected (PUEM). According to EN 300 392-2 [i.2], PUEM < 0,001 % is obtained for all signalling
channels with the exception of AACH (PUEM < 0,01 %). Due to the usage of these channels, the measured
performance is the MER.
- Traffic channels:
Speech frames and circuit switched user data are carried on traffic channels. Error detection and error
correction coding schemes are applied on transmitted data. No discarding mechanism is performed on traffic
channels with the exception of the TCH/S. Before entering the speech decoder, the speech frame is discarded
if corrupted. For all the other traffic channels received data are presented to the user application even if
corrupted. In general, it is significant that the measured performance for traffic channels is the BER. Due to
the particular design of the TCH/S channel, its performance is measured in terms of both MER and residual
BER (that is the BER detected on speech frames that are not discarded).
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12 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics of TETRA V+D logical channels and indicates the evaluated performance.
Table 1: Summary of logical channels characteristics.
Logical Channel Direction Physical Category Evaluated
resource performance
AACH Downlink 30 initial bits of Signalling MER
downlink
timeslot
SCH/HD, BNCH and Downlink Half slot Signalling MER
STCH
SCH/HU Uplink Half slot Signalling MER
BSCH Downlink Full slot Signalling MER
SCH/F Uplink / Downlink Full slot Signalling MER
TCH/S Uplink / Downlink Full slot Traffic (Speech) MER,
residual BER
TCH/7,2 Uplink / Downlink Full slot Traffic (Data) BER
TCH/4,8 (N=1, 4, 8) Uplink / Downlink Full slot Traffic (Data) BER
TCH/2,4 (N=1, 4, 8) Uplink / Downlink Full slot Traffic (Data) BER

A further element of distinction is the transmission mode of a channel: uplink, discontinuous downlink and continuous
downlink. Traffic channels and the SCH/F allow all these modes. The difference is the type and the number of training
sequences inserted in the transmitted radio bursts.
Radio receiver simulations have been performed according to the model represented in figure 1.
The transmitter has been modelled according to the standard scheme given in EN 300 392-2 [i.2], clause 4.3.
The structure of the radio receiver is not covered by the standard. The model given in figure 1 is a general scheme that
is commonly accepted. Some of the receiver blocks are the mirror counterpart of others on the transmitter (root raised
cosine filter, demodulator, differential decoder, burst splitter, de-scrambler and de-interleaver). Nevertheless the
structure of the other blocks is dependent from the implementation; it is the case for synchronization and timing
recovery block and for the decoder.
The decoder block has been realized according to the "soft" decision Viterbi algorithm, with path length = message
length.
The synchronization and timing recovery block can be realized according to different schemes. For this reason
simulations have been performed according to the two following synchronization techniques:
- ideal technique:
- the local timing system of the receiver is perfectly aligned to the received TDMA frames;
- realistic implementation of the synchronization technique:
- one realization of synchronization technique has been implemented; this technique exploits correlation
properties of the training sequences defined in the standard in order to evaluate burst and symbol
synchronization.
The physical radio channels have been modelled according to EN 300 392-2 [i.2], clause 6.
At the top of figure 1 two blocks have been introduced in order to evaluate the radio channel characteristics.
In the case of signalling channels and TCH/S simulations, accepted and discarded Medium Access Control (MAC)
blocks are counted. The evaluated MER is given by the ratio between discarded MAC blocks and the total of
transmitted blocks.
In the case of traffic channels a comparison between transmitted and correspondent received bits allows the evaluation
of the total amount of erroneous received bits. The evaluated BER is given by the ratio between the number of
erroneous bits and the total number of transmitted bits.
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13 ETSI TR 102 300-2 V1.2.1 (2013-09)
The number of training sequences that is transmitted inside radio bursts may influence the behaviour of the
synchronization and timing recovery block, depending on its particular implementation. In the case of ideal
synchronization technique there is no influence. In the case of realistic synchronization algorithms implementations
without equalizer, the impact of the number of training sequ
...