ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)

ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)






TECHNICAL REPORT
SmartM2M;
SAREF extension investigation;
Requirements for the Water domain

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2 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)



Reference
DTR/SmartM2M-103547
Keywords
IoT; oneM2M; ontology; SAREF; semantic;
smart watering
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3 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 SAREF extension for the Water domain . 7
5 Related initiatives . 7
5.1 Standardization initiatives . 7
5.2 Associations . 9
5.3 European projects . 9
5.4 Ontologies . 10
5.5 Other Initiatives . 12
5.5.1 Directives . 12
5.5.2 Data repositories . 12
6 Use cases . 13
6.0 Introduction . 13
6.1 Use case 1: Remote reading of metrological registers . 13
6.2 Use case 2: Advanced meter reading and configuration . 13
6.3 Use case 3: Risk Management over water critical infrastructure . 14
6.4 Use case 4: Interrelation of cross-domain variables and models for policy-making . 14
7 Requirements . 14
8 Conclusions . 16
Annex A: Bibliography . 17
History . 18


ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document was drafted by ETSI Technical Committee SmartM2M as a starting point for the development of
an extension of the SAREF ontology for the Water domain (SAREF4WATR). The present document includes the first
outcomes of a Specialist Task Force (STF) requested by ETSI SmartM2M; it gives insights into the current landscape of
initiatives in the Water domain, identifies a set of relevant use cases for such domain, and extracts from those use cases
the requirements that should be satisfied by the SAREF4WATR extension.

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
1 Scope
The present document provides the requirements for an initial semantic model in the Water domain based on a limited
set of use cases and from available existing data models. The present document has been developed in close
collaboration with different initiatives in the water domain. Further extensions are envisaged in the future to cover
entirely the water domain. The associated ETSI TS 103 410-10 [i.1] will specify the extension (i.e. the semantic model)
for the water domain based on the requirements and use cases specified in the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 103 410-10: "SmartM2M; Extension to SAREF; Part 10: Water Domain".
[i.2] CEN/CLC/ETSI/TR 50572:2011E: "Functional reference architecture for communications in
smart metering systems".
[i.3] ETSI TR 103 249 (V1.1.1) (2017-10): "Low Throughput Network (LTN); Use Cases and System
Characteristics".
[i.4] ETSI TS 103 264 (V2.1.1) (2017-03): "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; Reference Ontology and
oneM2M Mapping".
[i.5] ETSI TR 103 411 (V1.1.1) (2017-02): "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; SAREF extension
investigation".
[i.6] ISO/IEC 30128:2014: "Information technology - Sensor networks - Generic Sensor Network
Application Interface".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-T F.744: "Service description and requirements for ubiquitous sensor
network middleware".
[i.8] M/441 Standardisation mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of measuring
instruments for the development of an open architecture for utility meters involving
communication protocols enabling interoperability. European Commission. 12th March 2019.
[i.9] Council Directive 80/778/EEC of 15 July 1980 relating to the quality of water intended for human
consumption.
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6 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
ontology: formal specification of a conceptualization, used to explicit capture the semantics of a certain reality
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
GHz Gigahertz
Kbytes Kilobytes
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
3D 3 Dimension
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
ADE Application Domain Extension
AI Artificial Intelligence
AIOTI Alliance for the Internet of Things Innovation
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization)
DG Directorates-General
EEA European Environment Agency
EIP European Innovation Partnership
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EU European Union
FACC Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue
FD Floods Directive
FUOTA Firmware Updates Over The Air
GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IGN Instituto Geográfico Nacional (National Geographic Institute)
IMTA Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture
IoT Internet of Things
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - sector Telecommunication
IWA International Water Association
IWO ICT for Water Observatory
JPI Joint Programming Initiative
JTC Joint Technical Committee
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
OWL Web Ontology Language
PLT Power Line Telecommunications
SAREF Smart Applications REFerence ontology
SAREF4WATR SAREF extension for Water
SC Subcommittee
SME Small and Medium Enterprise
SRD Short Range Device
STF ETSI Specialist Task Force
SWEET Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology
SWQP Semantic Water Quality Portal
TC Technical Committee
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7 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
TR Technical Report
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
USN Ubiquitous Sensor Network
WaWO Waste Water Ontology
WEF Water Energy Food
WFD Water Framework Directive
WG Working Group
WISE Water Information System for Europe
WITS Water Industry Telemetry Standards
WssTP Water supply and sanitation Technology Platform
4 SAREF extension for the Water domain
SAREF [i.4] is a reference ontology for the IoT that contains core concepts that are common to several IoT domains
and, to be able to handle specific data elements for a certain domain, dedicated extensions of SAREF can be created.
Each domain can have one or more extensions, depending on the complexity of the domain. As a reference ontology,
SAREF serves as the means to connect the extensions in different domains. The earlier document ETSI
TR 103 411 [i.5] specifies the rationale and methodology used to create, publish and maintain the SAREF extensions.
The present document specifies the requirements for an initial SAREF extension for the Water domain. This initial
SAREF extension will be based on a limited set of use cases and existing data models identified within available
initiatives that will be summarized in dedicated clauses of the present document. The work conducted in the present
document has been developed in the context of the STF 566
(https://portal.etsi.org/STF/STFs/STFHomePages/STF566.aspx), which was established with the goal of creating
SAREF extensions for the following domains: Automotive, eHealth/Ageing-well, Wearables and Water. This work is
expected to be developed in close collaboration with ETSI, oneM2M, AIOTI, and water-related H2020 and EU
projects. However, other initiatives coming from the industrial world and alliances have also been investigated.
STF 566 consists of the following two main tasks:
1) to gather requirements, collect use cases and identify existing sources (e.g. standards, data models, ontologies,
etc.) from the domains of interest (Automotive, eHealth/Ageing-well, Wearables and Water) in order to
determine the requirements for an initial semantic model for each of the aforementioned domains, based on at
least 2 use cases and existing data models, and
2) to specify and produce the extensions of SAREF for each of the aforementioned domains based on these
requirements.
The present document focuses on analysing sources, collecting use cases and gathering requirements for an extension of
SAREF for the Water domain. The document sets the requirements of an initial semantic model that will result in a new
SAREF ontology extension for the Water domain, called SAREF4WATR, that will be published as part of the SAREF
extensions technical specifications.
5 Related initiatives
5.1 Standardization initiatives
ETSI STF 534 was launched by ETSI with the goal to create SAREF extensions to the domains of smart cities, smart
industry and manufacturing and smart agri-food, turning SAREF into the umbrella that enables better integration of
semantic data from and across various vertical domains in the IoT. This STF produced three new extensions of SAREF
(SAREF4CITY, SAREF4INMA and SAREF4AGRI) which will be taken into account, along with the other existing
extensions, during this work.
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CEN/CENELEC/ETSI. Smart Meters Coordination Group. The standardization work under mandate M/441 [i.8]
involves different Technical Committees within CEN, CENELEC and ETSI and needs to benefit from existing and
on-going standardization activities and deliverables within these committees. To ensure this and to create a common
focus on the mandate, four co-ordinating TCs were identified to provide co-ordination of standardization activities as
regards smart metering systems: CEN/TC 294: Communications systems for meters and remote reading of meters with
liaison with CEN/TC 237 (Gas meters), CEN/TC 234 (Gas infrastructure), CEN/TC 92 (Water meters) and CEN/TC
176 (Heat meters); CENELEC/TC 13: Equipment for electrical energy measurement and load control with liaison with
CENELEC/TC 57 (Power systems management and associated information exchange) and IEC SC77A (EMC - Low
frequency phenomena); CENELEC/TC 205: Home and Building Electronic Systems with liaison with CEN/TC 247
(Building automation, controls and building management) and CENELEC/TC 57 (Power systems management and
associated information exchange); and ETSI SmartM2M: Machine to Machine Communications with liaison with
ETSI/SCP (Smart Card Platform), ETSI/MSG (3GPP) (Mobile Standards Group), ETSI/ERM TG28 (EMC and radio
spectrum matters on SRD), ETSI/ATTM (Access Terminal Transmission and Multiplexing). TC ATTM incorporated
the activities of the closed ETSI TC PLT (Power Line Telecommunications).
CEN/TC 164. Water supply. The European Committee for Standardization created the CEN Technical Committee
(CEN/TC) 164 to establish standards for the installation and performance requirements of systems, constructions of
components used for the water supply from the production facility, including the treatment of the water, to the taps
attached or unattached to a sanitary appliance with the view of maintaining the quality of water as stated in Directive
80/778/EEC [i.9]. Eleven working groups were set up, ranging from external systems and components to security of
water drinking supply.
CEN/TC 230. Water analysis. CEN Technical Committee 230 (CEN/TC 230) on water analysis is working on
European standards to support the Water Framework Directive with the elaboration of standard test methods for
physical, chemical, biochemical, biological, microbiological examination of water quality. Included are as well methods
for sampling, quality assurance, and classification aspects.
CEN/TC 294. Communication systems for meters. The work of CEN/TC 294 encompasses standardization of
communication systems for meters for all kind of fluids and energies distributed by network and not limited to
household meters. The standards of CEN/TC 294 are based on generic descriptions and communication protocol
specifications based on a layered communication model ranging from physical to application layer specifications. These
standards should guide Member States in the implementation of their national smart metering programmes taking into
account distinctions between battery and mains-powered meters and differences between architectures that are linked to
the particularities regarding the distribution in Member States. CEN/TC 294 is also responsible for the support of secure
communication covering data privacy as an inherent property, providing a scalable mechanism for security services,
data integrity, authentication and confidentiality.
OGC. The Open Geospatial Consortium has defined WaterML 2.0, an information model for the representation of
water observations data, with the intent of allowing the exchange of such data sets across information systems
(https://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/waterml). Moreover, the latest version of WaterML 2.0 (part 3) includes the
informational model called HY_FEATURES that is focused on representing hydro-science and water network topology.
Complementing this information, the OGC also offers CityGML ADE, for the representation of utility networks in 3D
city models (http://www.citygmlwiki.org/index.php/CityGML_UtilityNetworkADE).
ISO. Different Technical Committees inside ISO are relevant for this work. ISO/TC 224 deals with the standardization
of the management concepts for service activities relating to drinking water supply, wastewater and stormwater
systems; ISO/TC 282 deals with standardization of water reuse of any kind and for any purpose, covering both
centralized and decentralized or on-site water reclamation, and direct and indirect reuse applications, taking into
consideration the potential for unintentional exposure or ingestion; ISO/TC 30 deals with standardization of rules and
methods for the measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits.
ISO/IEC 30128:2014 [i.6]. Defined by the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41 (Internet of Things and related technologies),
ISO/IEC 30128:2014 specifies the interfaces between the application layers of service providers and sensor network
gateways. The standard covers: description of generic sensor network applications' operational requirements,
description of sensor network capabilities, and mandatory and optional interfaces between the application layers of
service providers and sensor network gateways.
WITS. The WITS Protocol Standards Association has defined WITS-DNP3, a protocol that defines a standard method
to achieve the utility industry telemetry control and monitoring requirements, in particular interoperability between
equipment from different manufacturers, and WITS-IoT, a protocol aimed at lower power, less expensive devices that
provides an application layer covering standard IoT technology (http://www.witsprotocol.org/).
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9 ETSI TR 103 547 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Recommendation ITU-T F.744 [i.7]. Service description and requirements for ubiquitous sensor network middleware.
The purpose of Recommendation ITU-T F.744 is to describe ubiquitous sensor network (USN) services and
requirements for ubiquitous sensor network middleware. This is achieved through an intermediate entity (USN
middleware) that provides functions commonly required by various ubiquitous sensor network services.
5.2 Associations
AIOTI. The Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI) is a multi-stakeholder platform for inspiring IoT
Innovation in Europe that combines together large and small companies, academia, start-ups and scale-ups, end-users,
policy makers and representatives of society in an end-to-end approach (https://aioti.eu/). Two of the AIOTI working
groups are relevant for this work: WG10 on Smart Water Management and WG3 on IoT Standardization.
WssTP. The Water supply and sanitation Technology Platform (WssTP) was initiated by the European Commission in
2004 for Research and Technology Development in the water industry and was transformed into an independent legal
entity under Belgian Law in 2007 (http://watereurope.eu/). The mission of WssTP is to foster collaborative, innovative
and integrated European research and technologies development, to ensure the European growth and competitiveness of
the water sector, to provide global answers to global challenges for the next generations, and to address the challenges
of an integrated and sustainable management of water resources.
EIP Water. The European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP Water) is an initiative within the EU 2020 Innovation
Union that facilitates the development of innovative solutions to address major European and global water challenges
(https://www.eip-water.eu/). At the same time, the EIP Water supports the creation of market opportunities for these
innovations, both inside and outside of Europe. The EIP Water aims to remove barriers by advancing and leveraging
existing solutions. Its implementation has started in May 2013 with the main objective to initiate and promote
collaborative processes for change and innovation in the water sector across the public and private sector, non-
governmental organizations and the general public.
Water JPI. The Joint Programming Initiative "Water challenges for a changing world" (Water JPI) deals with research
in the field of water and hydrological sciences (http://www.waterjpi.eu/). The availability of water in sufficient
quantities and adequate quality is indeed a public issue of high priority and addresses a pan-European and global
environmental challenge. The Council of the European Union decided to launch the Water JPI December 2011 as a
contribution to the reduction of fragmentation of efforts by Member States and mobilization of skills, knowledge and
resources, with a view to strengthening Europe's leadership and competitiveness on water research and innovation.
ICT4Water cluster. The ICT4Water cluster is a hub for EU-funded research and innovation projects developing digital
innovations for the water sector (https://www.ict4water.eu/). It brings projects together supporting them to: exchange
information and best practices, disseminate and exploit project outputs, contribute to defining digital water strategies,
and contribute to policy development in digital and water domain.
IWA. The International Water Association (IWA) is an open platform in which both innovators and adopters of new
technologies and approaches can generate creative friction; it is a place for diffusion, benchmarking and evidence
(https://iwa-network.org/). The IWA develops research and projects focused on solutions for water and wastewater
management, organizing events that bring the latest science, technology and best practice to the water sector at large,
and working to place water on the global political agenda and to influence best practice in regulation and policy
making.
5.3 European projects
H2020-STOP-IT (https://stop-it-project.eu/). Water infrastructures are essential for human society, life and health.
They can be endangered by physical or cyber threats with severe societal consequences. To address this, the H2020
funded STOP-IT project works in identifying current and future risks and co-develops an all-hazards risk management
framework, for the physical and cyber protection of critical water infrastructures.
H2020-SIM4NEXUS (https://www.sim4nexus.eu/). Water, land, food, energy and climate are interconnected,
comprising a coherent system (the "Nexus"), dominated by complexity and feedback. SIM4NEXUS aims to predict
society-wide impacts of resource use and relevant policies on sectors such as agriculture, water, biodiversity and
ecosystem services through a model-based analysis. This project aims to adapt existing knowledge and develop new
expertise on the Nexus; to reduce uncertainty, and to show the implementation by a network of regional and national
cases.
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iBATHWATER (https://www.ibathwater.eu/). iBATHWATER is a real-scale demonstration project for a new
integrated management system for the urban sewerage network. Its application is expected to reduce the impact of
discharged untreated rainwater on the natural environment, thereby improving the quality of bathing water during and
after episodes of intense rainfall. It aims to demonstrate how integrated management of urban drainage helps to reduce
the impact of discharged untreated urban rainwater on the natural environment and public health.
iFishIENCi (http://ifishienci.eu/). The iFishIENCi EU funded project aims to develop and demonstrate disruptive
IoT/AI based innovations, considering the feeding value chain as a whole, and addressing four commercially-important
species, with fish quality as focus. The main aim of the project is to identify new value chains for the valorization of
specific waste (dirty water, sludge) from different production systems, leadin
...