ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2005
Storitve in protokoli za napredna omrežja (SPAN) – Pojmi in definicije
Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks (SPAN); Terms and Definitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: TR 101 287 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
01.040.33 Telekomunikacije. Avdio in Telecommunications. Audio
video tehnika (Slovarji) and video engineering
(Vocabularies)
33.040.35 Telefonska omrežja Telephone networks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Technical Report
Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks (SPAN);
Terms and definitions
2 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)

Reference
RTR/SPAN-140003
Keywords
vocabulary
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.4
Foreword.4
1 Scope.5
2 References.5
3 Information about the present document.9
3.1 The distinction between old and new technologies .9
3.2 Generic vs. Specific.10
4 Vocabulary of terms.11
5 Abbreviations and acronyms.54
History .66

ETSI
4 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://www.etsi.org/legal/home.htm).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Services and Protocols for Advanced
Networks (SPAN).
ETSI
5 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
1 Scope
The present document lists the terms used in the ETSI Standards and Technical Reports covering network aspects in
general. Included are terms already defined in other technical areas if they have a special meaning in a network aspects
context or if an unambiguous definition is essential.
The terms are listed in alphabetical order only and are not sorted according to the technical area (services, powering,
transfer mode, signalling, interfaces etc.) to which they belong.
The list of abbreviations and acronyms include acronyms defined in other contexts and used in network aspect
documents.
2 References
For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply:
[1] ITU-T Recommendation B.13 (1988): "Terms and definitions".
[2] ITU-T Recommendation D.000 (2000): "Terms and definitions for the Series-D
Recommendations".
[3] ITU-T Recommendation E.164 (1997): "The international public telecommunication numbering
plan".
[4] ITU-T Recommendation E.600 (1993): "Terms and definitions of traffic engineering".
[5] ITU-T Recommendation F.500 (1992): " International public directory services".
[6] ITU-T Recommendation G.601 (1980): "Terminology for cables".
[7] ITU-T Recommendation G.701 (1993): "Vocabulary of digital transmission and multiplexing, and
pulse code modulation (PCM) terms".
[8] ITU-T Recommendation G.707 (2000): "Network node interface for the synchronous digital
hierarchy (SDH)".
[9] ITU-T Recommendation G.803 (2000): "Architecture of transport networks based on the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)".
[10] ITU-T Recommendation G.805 (2000): "Generic functional architecture of transport networks".
[11] ITU-T Recommendation G.810 (1996): "Definitions and terminology for synchronization
networks".
[12] ITU-T Recommendation G.823 (2000): "The control of jitter and wander within digital networks
which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy".
[13] ITU-T Recommendation G.902 (1995): "Framework Recommendation on functional access
networks (AN) Architecture and functions, access types, management and service node aspects".
[14] ITU-T Recommendation H.223 (1996): "Multiplexing protocol for low bit rate multimedia
communication".
[15] ITU-T Recommendation H.323 (2000): "Packet-based multimedia communications systems".
[16] ITU-T Recommendation I.112 (1993): "Vocabulary of terms for ISDNs".
[17] ITU-T Recommendation I.113 (1997): "Vocabulary of terms for broadband aspects of ISDN".
[18] ITU-T Recommendation I.140 (1993): "Attribute technique for the characterisation of
telecommunication services supported by an ISDN and network capabilities of an ISDN".
ETSI
6 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
[19] ITU-T Recommendation I.150 (1999): "B-ISDN asynchronous transfer mode functional
characteristics".
[20] ITU-T Recommendation I.233.1 (1991): "ISDN frame relaying bearer service".
[21] ITU-T Recommendation I.322 (1999): "Generic protocol reference model for telecommunication
networks".
[22] ITU-T Recommendation I.363 series: "B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) specification.
Type x AAL".
[23] ITU-T Recommendation I.371 (1996): "Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN".
[24] ITU-T Recommendation I.374 (1993): "Framework Recommendation on "network capabilities to
support multimedia services".
[25] ITU-T Recommendation I.501 (1993): "Service interworking".
[26] ITU-T Recommendation I.510 (1993): "Definitions and general principles for ISDN
interworking".
[27] ITU-T Recommendation I.570 (1993): "Public/private ISDN interworking".
[28] ITU-T Recommendation J.1 (1999): "Terms, definitions and acronyms applicable to the
transmission of television and sound-programme signals and of related data signals".
[29] ITU-T Recommendation M.60 (1993): "Maintenance terminology and definitions".
[30] ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 (2000): "Principles for a Telecommunications management
network".
[31] ITU-T Recommendation Q.9 (1988): "Vocabulary of switching and signalling terms".
[32] ITU-T Recommendation Q.65 (1997): "The unified functional methodology for the
characterisation of services and network capabilities".
[33] ITU-T Recommendation Q.825 (1998): "Specification of TMN applications at the Q3 interface:
Call detail recording".
[34] ITU-T Recommendation Q.921 (1997): "ISDN user-network interface - Data link layer
specification".
[35] ITU-T Recommendation Q.1290 (1998): "Glossary of terms used in the definition of intelligent
networks".
[36] ITU-T Recommendation Q.2931 (1995): "Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 2
- User-Network Interface (UNI) layer 3 specification for basic call/connection control".
[37] ITU-T Recommendation V.56bis (1995): "Network transmission model for evaluating modem
performance over 2-wire voice grade connections".
[38] ITU-T Recommendation X.200 (1994): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection -
Basic Reference Model: The basic model".
[39] ITU-T Recommendation X.213 (1995): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection -
Network service definition (Common text with ISO/IEC)".
[40] ITU-T Recommendation X.700 (1992): "Management framework for Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) for CCITT applications".
[41] ITU-T Recommendation X.903 (1995): "Information technology - Open distributed processing -
Reference Model: Architecture (Common text with ISO/IEC)".
[42] ITU-T Recommendation Y.101 (1999): "GII Terminology".
[43] ITU-T Recommendation Y.110 (1998): "Global Information Infrastructure principles and
framework architecture".
ETSI
7 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
[44] ITU Radio Regulations.
[45] ETSI ETR 044: "Network Aspects (NA); Reference events for network performance parameters in
an ISDN".
[46] ETSI ETR 149: "Network Aspects (NA); Interworking between Metropolitan Area Networks
(MANs) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks for the Connectionless Broadband
Data Service (CBDS)".
[47] ETSI ETR 155: "Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM); Operation Administration and
Maintenance (OAM) functions and parameters for assessing performance parameters".
[48] ETSI ETR 161: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Functional
description of Virtual Path (VP) cross-connect".
[49] ETSI TR 101 287 (V1.1.1): "Network Aspects (NA); Terms and definitions".
[50] ETSI TR 101 615: "Network Aspects (NA); Services and networks architecture evolution for
telecommunications".
[51] ETSI TR 101 686: "Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) access networks; Interworking with B-ISDN
networks".
[52] ETSI TR 101 694: "Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM); Provision of internet applications via
ATM based networks and interworking with IP networks".
[53] ETSI TR 101 734: "Internet Protocol (IP) based networks; Parameters and mechanisms for
charging".
[54] ETSI TR 101 619: "Network Aspects (NA); Considerations on networks mechanism for charging
and revenue accounting".
[55] ETSI TR 102 100: "Network Aspects (NA); Interworking framework".
[56] ETSI EG 201 400: "Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) access networks; Part 1: Interworking with PSTN,
N-ISDN, Internet and digital mobile networks".
[57] ETSI ETS 300 349: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM); Adaptation Layer (AAL) specification - type 3/4".
[58] I- ETSI ETS 300 353: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM); Adaptation Layer (AAL) specification - type 1".
[59] ETSI ETS 300 354: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); B-ISDN Protocol
Reference Model (PRM)".
[60] ETSI ETS 300 404: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); B-ISDN
Operation And Maintenance (OAM) principles and functions".
[61] ETSI ETS 300 469: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM); Management of the network element view [ITU-T Recommendation I.751
(1996)]".
[62] ETSI ETS 300 478: "Network Aspects (NA); Connectionless Broadband Data Service (CBDS)
over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM); Framework and protocol specification at the User-
Network Interface (UNI)".
[63] ETSI ETS 300 479: "Network Aspects (NA); Connectionless Broadband Data Service (CBDS)
over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM); Protocol specification at the Network Node
Interface (NNI)".
[64] ETSI ETS 300 780: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Broadband
Connection-Oriented Bearer Service (BCOBCS) [ITU-T Recommendation F.811 (1996)]".
[65] ETSI EG 201 898: "Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks (SPAN); Relationship
between IP and telecommunication networks".
ETSI
8 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
[66] ETSI ES 201 803-1: "Dynamic synchronous Transfer Mode (DTM); Part 1: System Description".
[67] ANSI T1.105.06 (1996): "Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) - Physical Layer Specification
(Revision of ANSI T1.106-1988)".
[68] IEEE 802.3, 2000 Edition (ISO/IEC 8802-3, 2000): "IEEE Standard for Information technology -
Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision
detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications".
[69] ATM-Forum (af-ra-0106.000): "ATM Forum Addressing: Reference Guide".
[70] IETF FYI 4 (RFC 2664): "FYI on Questions and Answers - Answers to Commonly Asked New
Internet User Questions".
[71] IETF RFC 768 (1980): "User Datagram Protocol".
[72] IETF RFC 1208 (1991): "Glossary of networking terms".
[73] IETF RFC 1953 (1996): "Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol Specification for IPv4 Version 1.0";
P. Newman, W. Edwards, R. Hinden, E. Hoffman, F. Ching Liaw, T.Lyon & G. Minshall".
[74] IETF RFC 1983 (August 1996): "Internet Users' Glossary", G. Malkin, Editor".
[75] IETF RFC 2663 (1999): "IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and
Considerations"; P. Srisuresh, M. Holdrege".
[76] IETF RFC 2828 (2000): "Internet Security Glossary".
[77] IETF RFC 2881 (July 2000): "Network Access Server Requirements Next Generation
(NASREQNG) NAS Model".
[78] Federal Standard FED-STD-1037C (1996): "Telecommunications: Glossary of
Telecommunication Terms"; The U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications
and Information Administration, Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (NTIA/ITS)".
[79] "Telephony's Dictionary", second Edition; Graham Langley; Telephony Publishing Corporation,
1986, USA; ISBN 0-917845-04-8.
[80] ITU-T Recommendation X.680: "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
(ASN.1): Specification of basic notation".
[81] ITU-T Recommendation X.690: "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of
Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding
Rules (DER)".
[82] ISO 8859-1: "Information technology - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets -
Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1".
[83] ISO 10646: "Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) -
Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane".
[84] IETF RFC 1519: "Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and
Aggregation Strategy".
[85] ETSI ETS 300 415: "Private Integrated Services Network (PISN); Terms and definitions".
[86] IETF RFC 791: "Internet Protocol".
[87] ITU-T Recommendation I.510: "Definitions and general principles for ISDN interworking".
[88] ITU-T Recommendation I.114: "Vocabulary of terms for universal personal telecommunication".
[89] ITU-T Recommendations G.825: "The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which
are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)".
[90] ITU-T Recommendation I.361: "B-ISDN ATM layer specification".
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9 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
[91] ISO/IEC 11579-1: "Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange
between systems - Private integrated services network - Part 1: Reference configuration for PISN
Exchanges (PINX)".
[92] ITU-T Recommendation I.430: "Basic user-network interface - Layer 1 specification".
[93] ITU-T Recommendation I.431: "Basic user-network interface - Layer 1 specification".
[94] ITU-T Recommendation F.850: "Principles of universal personal telecommunication (UPT)".
[95] ETSI ETS 300 455: "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Broadband
Virtual Path Service (BVPS); Part 1: BVPS for Permanent communications (BVPS-P)".
[96] IETF RFC 1577: "Classical IP and ARP over ATM".
3 Information about the present document
Terms and definitions taken from ITU Recommendations are identified by appropriate reference in parentheses at the
end of the definition. The numbers after the Q.9, G.601, G.701, I.112, I.113 and I.114 references are the word numbers
in these documents.
Where the definition has been based upon, but differs from, a definition in another document, the reference is given
followed by "modified".
Terms defining general used acronyms such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) are written with leading
capitals.
Some definitions include terms in italics to indicate that these terms are defined elsewhere in the present document.
The list of abbreviations and acronyms includes acronyms such as PAL and SECAM normally not used in network
aspect contexts but generally used in the relevant standards and technical reports. Also included are acronyms with
more than one meaning such as CC for Call Control, Country Code or Cross Connect. For some acronyms it is indicated
in brackets in which context they are created, e.g. (Internet), (ATM Forum). Some out-of-date acronyms are marked
(deprecated).
Many terms are overloaded with several meanings. For instance "virtual circuit" has a generic meaning and also a very
specific non-generic meaning in ATM. For these multiple-meaning cases the generic form is presented first and the
specific forms follow the generic form as new definitions but marked with area/scope within square brackets after the
term in question. In cases where a term is valid within more than one field (and is not valued as a generic definition) the
areas for which it applies are given within square brackets as a comma separated alphabetically ordered list
During the revision of the document specific concerns were raised regarding the usage of terminology which were
found to be worth addressing them in particular. It is considered that these will be enlightening to the reader of the
present document and provide a guideline outside the scope of the contained definitions while also conveying the
specific generic revision decisions being made.
3.1 The distinction between old and new technologies
In older telecommunication definitions many terms were defined with an embedded distinction to some other
technology. A classical example would be "analogue link" versus "digital link" which was required to distinguish old
analogue FDM systems with then new TDM systems. Thus, the need to create definitions for digital switching only
becomes of interest if you know and assume that switching normally used to be done with analogue channels.
Furthermore, the use of qualifiers like "emerging" is also part of a definition which will not survive the time. What was
emerging and new at the time of the definition will be old in 10 to 20 years time and possibly be amusing to the
engineers at that time.
A more subtle error of the same kind is to be found when a technology is being associated with a certain bit rate. For
most technologies the bit rates they can support is changing over time. So, stating that Ethernet has the bit rate of 10
Mbit/s (which used to be true) would only date the definition to be historic at best. The usage of bit rates other than for
examples or when a certain name has been given to denote a speed (i.e. E1, T1 etc.) shall thus be avoided.
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10 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
3.2 Generic vs. Specific
Many terms have been found to apply only for specific technology areas even though the term bears no reference to that
area. In such cases a more generic definition has been included. Also, some definitions have carried a subtle binding to
a specific technology or means of implementation while this may be questioned. For those cases the definition was
modified or replaced in order to provide a generic definition that only grasps the property while not implicating certain
types of implementations.
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11 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
4 Vocabulary of terms
address mask: bit mask used to identify the bits in an address which correspond to certain specific portions of the
address
address resolution: Conversion of a network-layer address (e.g. IP address) into the corresponding physical address
(e.g., MAC address) (see IETF RFC 1983).
addressable entity: entity which is recognizable by the network, to which the network is able to route a call
addressing domain: context within which an identifier (name, number, etc.) is unique
Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): language used by the OSI protocols for describing abstract syntax
NOTE 1: ASN.1 is defined in ISO documents 8824.2 and 8825.2, and ITU Recommendations X.680-X690,
ISO standards 8824.2 and 8825.2, ITU-T Recommendations series X.680 to X.690.
access capability [ISDN]: Number and type of the access channels at an ISDN access interface that are actually
available for telecommunication purposes (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112-416).
access channel (channel) [ISDN]: Channel provided at the User Network Interface (see: channel).
NOTE 2: The term "access channel" may be qualified, for example by H, B or D in which case it is appropriate to
abbreviate the term to "H-channel", to "B-channel" or to "D-channel".
access connection element (subscriber access) [ISDN]: equipment providing the concatenation of functional groups
between and including the exchange termination and the NT1
NOTE 3: The term should be qualified by the type of access supported. That is either basic access connection
elements or primary rate access connection elements (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112-429).
access contention [ISDN]: Conflict between the demands made on a network termination in multipoint access (see
ITU-T Recommendation I.112-423).
access contention resolution [ISDN]: Arbitration of conflicting demands on a network termination in multipoint
access (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112-424).
access function: Set of processes in a network that provide for interaction between the user and a network (see ITU-T
Recommendation Q.1290).
access network: Implementation comprising those entities (such as cable plant, transmission facilities, etc.) which
provide the required transport bearer capabilities for the provision of telecommunication services between one or more
Service Node Interfaces (SNI) and each of the associated User Network Interfaces (UNI). An access network according
to ITU-T Recommendation G.902 does not interpret user signalling. ITU-T Recommendation G.902 (modified), see
also ITU-T Recommendation Y.101.
Access Network Interface (ANI): Interface between a local switch and an access network within a local network (see
ITU-T Recommendation Y.101).
access network operator: Network operator to which the customer is physically connected (see TR 101 619).
access node: edge node of a network providing access to a network and its services
access protocol: Defined set of procedures that is adopted at an Access Network Interface enable the user to employ the
service and/or facilities of that network (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112-406 modified).
accounting: procedure whereby revenue is shared between operators (see ITU-T Recommendation D.000 modified).
acknowledgement (ACK): Type of message sent to indicate that a previously sent message arrived at its destination.
(See also: Negative Acknowledgement IETF RFC 1983 modified).
activation [ISDN]: Function which places a system, or part of a system, which may have been in low power
consumption mode during deactivation, into its fully operating mode (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112-602).
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12 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
actor: person or an entity who plays a visible role in the IN environment
address: String or combination of decimal digits, symbols, and additional information which identifies the specific
termination point(s) in a network(s) (see ITU-T Recommendation E.164, modified).
address mask [IP]: Bit mask used to identify which bits in an IP address correspond to the network and subnet portions
of the address. This mask is often referred to as the subnet mask because the network portion of the address (i.e., the
network mask) can be determined by the encoding inherent in an IP address. See also: Classless Inter- domain Routing
(see IETF RFC 1983).
address resolution: conversion of an address into some other address, possibly of another address format
addressable entity: entity which is recognizable by the network, to which the network is able to route a call or message

addressing domain: context within which an identifier (name, number, etc.) is unique
Adjunct (AD): Entity in the Intelligent Network that is functionally equivalent to a service control point but is directly
connected to a service switching point (see ITU-T Recommendation Q.1290).
Administrative Domain (AD): Collection of hosts and routers, and the interconnecting network(s), managed by a
single administrative organization (see IETF RFC 1983 modified).
Administrative Interface [Number Portability]: Interface/information base in which information on ported numbers
is available for Network Operators (see TR 101 619).
Advice Of Charge (AOC): supplementary service related to the presentation of charging information to the user
NOTE 4: AOC appears in three versions AOC-S provides the served user with information about the charging rates
at call establishment. In addition, the served user shall be informed if a change in charging rates takes
place during the call. AOC-D provides the served user with cumulative charging information during the
call. AOC-E provides the served user with charging information for a call when the call is terminated (see
TR 101 619).
agent: Agent is an element that performs some task on behalf of some party (i.e., a user, machine, application, or
another agent) rather than having the party itself perform the task (see ITU-T Recommendation Y.101).
aggregate stream: Stream composed of an aggregation of many individual streams (see EG 201 898).
alias: name/address that is translated into another name/address
NOTE 5: The translation may be done in order to provide shorter and/or easier names to a user.
NOTE 6: The translation may be done in order to make a virtual name/address to be widely spread while the real
name/address is being kept in some database (see IETF RFC 1983 modified).
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): standard character-to-number encoding widely
used in the computer industry
NOTE 7: In more recent times it is being replaced by ISO 8859-1 and ISO 10646. However, ASCII is still widely
used to denote binary encoding of alphanumeric text (see IETF RFC 1983).
analogue signal: Signal one of whose characteristic quantities follows continuously the variation of another quantity
representing information (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112-103).
anisochronous: essential characteristic of a time-scale or a signal such that the time intervals between consecutive
significant instants do not necessarily have the same duration or durations that are integral multiples of the Unit Interval
NOTE 8: Isochronous and anisochronous are characteristics of a signal, while synchronous and asynchronous are
relationships (see ITU-T Recommendation G.701 modified and US Fed. Std.1037C.
appliance: Generic term used to describe the terminal device employed by the service application. Telephones, TV sets,
computers, etc. are examples of appliances (see ITU-T Recommendation Y.101).
application: set of capabilities to satisfy a certain set of user's requirements
NOTE 9: An example of an application using the telephony service would an the information desk.
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13 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
application entity: Set of Application Service Elements which together perform all or part of the communications
aspects of an application process (see ITU-T Recommendation Q.9 - 2156 modified).
application layer [OSI] : Top layer of the ISO OSI network protocol stack. The application layer is concerned with the
semantics of work (e.g. formatting electronic mail messages). How to represent that data and how to reach the foreign
node are issues for lower layers of the network (see IETF RFC 1983 modified).
application process: Sequence of operations that perform the information processing for a particular application (see
ITU-T Recommendation Y.101).
application program: Logic residing in the Service Control and Service Management realms that directs and/or
controls the performance of actions in the network to provide and/or manage the provision of IN service features (see
ITU-T Recommendation Q.1290).
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs): Interfaces that support the process of creating, installing, testing,
modifying application programs (see ITU-T Recommendation Q.1290 modified).
Application Service Element (ASE): Coherent set of integrated functions within an application entity (see ITU-T
Recommendation Q.9).
Application Service Element (ASE): Coherent set of integrated functions within an application entity (see ITU-T
Recommendation Q.9-2158 modified).
Application Service Object (ASO): Configuration of various groups of application service elements (see ITU-T
Recommendation Y.101).
architecture: Any ordered arrangement of the parts of a system (see ITU-T Recommendation Q.1290).
assigned cell [ATM]: cell which provides a service to an application using the ATM layer service
assigned numbers: subset of numbers assigned by an appointed authority
association: Logical relationship between entities exercised in performing a function (see ITU-T Recommendation
Q.1290).
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): Modem technology that converts twisted-pair telephone lines into
access paths for data communications. The bit rates transmitted in both directions are different (see ITU-T
Recommendation Y.101 modified).
asynchronous: characteristic of time scales or signals such that their is no fixed time relationship between its
significant instants and any other system timing
NOTE 10: Isochronous and anisochronous are characteristics of a signal, while synchronous and asynchronous are
relationships (see US Fed. Std.1037C).
Asynchronous Time Division (ATD) multiplexing [ATM, B-ISDN]: Statistical time division multiplexing technique
in which a transmission capability is organized in undedicated slots filled with packets/cells. Packets/cells from the
same source are usually all assumed to be anisochronous (see ITU-T Recommendation I.113-202 modified).
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): Transfer mode in which the information is organized into fixed-sized packets,
called cells; the recurrence of cells in a connection is not necessarily isochronous (see ITU-T Recommendation
I.113-204 modified).
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) [ATM]: ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) enhances the service provided by the ATM
layer to support functions required by the next higher layer. The AAL performs functions required by the user, control
and management planes and supports the mapping between the ATM layer and the next higher layer. The functions
performed in the AAL depend upon the higher layer requirements. (see ITU-T Recommendation I.363).
ATM connection: Concatenation of ATM layer links in order to provide an end-to-end transfer capability to access
points (see ITU-T Recommendation I.113-505).
ATM End System Address (AESA): Address defined by the ATM Forum to be used in ATM networks. The AESA is
derived from the ISO Network Service Access Point (NSAP) Address and hence may occur in different formats (see
ATM-Forum Spec. af-ra-0106.000 modified).
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14 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
ATM layer connection: Association established by the ATM layer to support communication between two or more
ATM service users (i.e. two or more next higher layer entities, or two or more ATM management entities). The
communication over an ATM layer connection may be either bi-directional or unidirectional (see ITU-T
Recommendation I.113-506).
ATM link: Link provides for the capability of transferring information transparently, and represents the association,
between two contiguous connecting points or between an endpoint and its contiguous connecting point (see ITU-T
Recommendation I.113-507).
ATM Name Server (ANS): Server program which supplies name-to-address translation, mapping from names of ATM
end-systems to ATM address. ANS is an extension of the IETF DNS TR 101 694 [52].
ATM traffic descriptor: Generic list of traffic parameters that can be used to capture the intrinsic traffic characteristics
of an ATM connection (see ITU-T Recommendation I.113-708).
ATM Transfer Capability (ATC): Set of ATM traffic control procedures, tailored to support a service with given
traffic characteristics (see ITU-T Recommendation Y.101).
attribute: Information concerning a managed object used to describe (either in part or in whole) that managed object.
This information consists of an attribute type and its corresponding attribute value (for "single-valued" attributes) or
values (for "multi-valued" attributes) of managed object (see ITU-T Recommendation X.700).
authentication: verification of the identity of a person or process (see IETF RFC 1983).
Autonomous System (AS) [IP]: collection of routers under a single administrative authority using a common "Interior
Gateway Protocol" for routing packets
NOTE 11: The ISO-term for such a collection of routers is "routing domain" (IETF RFC 1983 modified).
availability: measure of the relative degree of access to a particular resource or set of resources
NOTE 12: The term is usually measured as the relative availability of the full service as a time fraction. A high
availability thus results in low outage time (see ITU-T Recommendation Y.101 modified).
backbone: Top level in a hierarchical network (IETF RFC 1983 modified).
bandwidth: Difference between limiting frequencies of a continuous frequency band (see US Fed. Std 1037C mod).
baseband: Transmission means through which digital signals are sent without frequency shifting. In general, only one
communication channel is available at any given time. Ethernet and ISDN are examples of baseband networks
IETF RFC 1983 modified.
basic access, basic rate access, basic rate interface (BRI) [ISDN]: ISDN user access arrangement that corresponds to
the interface structure composed of two B-channels and one D-channel. The bit rate of the D-channel for this type of
access is 16 kbit/s (see ITU-T Recommendation I.112 modified).
basic call: Call between two users that does not include additional features (e.g. a plain telephone call) (see ITU-T
Recommendation Q.1290).
Basic Call Process (BCP): Sequence of activities used in processing a basic call attempt
(ITU-T Recommendation Q.1290).
Basic Call State Model (BCSM): High-level finite state machine model of call processing for basic call control (i.e. a
two party non-IN call). The model might only cover a portion of a call attempt, e.g. an originating BCSM or terminating
BCSM, or the whole attempted call connection, originating user to terminating user (see ITU-T Recommendation
Q.1290 ).
Baud (Bd) (as unit of modulation rate): one baud corresponds to a rate of one unit interval per second, where the
modulation rate is expressed as the reciprocal of the duration in seconds of the shortest unit interval
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15 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
Baud (Bd) (as unit of signalling speed equal to the number of discrete signal conditions, variations or events per
second): If the duration of the unit interval is 20 milliseconds, the signalling speed is 50 Bauds. If the signal transmitted
during each unit interval can take on any one of n discrete states, the bit rate is equal to the rate in Bauds times log2 n.
The technique used to encode the allowable signal states may be any combination of amplitude, frequency, or phase
modulation, but it cannot use a further time-division multiplexing technique to subdivide the unit intervals into multiple
subintervals. In some signalling systems, non-informational-carrying signals may be inserted to facilitate
synchronization; e.g. in certain forms of binary modulation coding, there is a forced inversion of the signal state at the
centre of the bit interval. In these cases, the synchronization signals are included in the calculation of the rate of Bauds
but not in the computation of bit rate.
NOTE 13: Baud is sometimes used as a synonym for bit-per-second. This usage is deprecated. (see US Fed. Std.
1037C).
bearer service: Type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the transmission of signals between
user-network interfaces (ITU-T Recommendation I.112-202 modified).
best-effort relationship: particular kind of connection (relationship) between two nodes A and B for which no
commitment exists, but where it is possible that a datagram accepted at node A will arrive at node B
NOTE 14: However, there is no guarantee that the datagram will arrive at node B (see EG 201 898).
bill: Document from the billing entity to a served user in a decided format informing of the price for the usage of the
concerned telecommunication services and resources. It shows the price for a single usage or the accumulated price for
a certain period of usage. The information can be specified. It should be noted that the subscription fee and the periodic
fee are normally included in the bill (see TR 101 619).
billing : See billing process.
billing entity: entity responsible for the joint billing activities for one or more providers to the served users (see
TR 101 619).
billing process: Process of transferring the stored charging information for a user into a bill (see TR 101 619).
billing system: Technical entity performing the billing process (see TR 101 619).
bit: Acronym for "binary digit" which can have one of two values (0 and 1) (see ITU-T Recommendation V.56 bis,
modified).
Bit Rate (BR): In a bit stream, the number of bits occurring per unit time, usually expressed in bits per second.
NOTE 15: For a n-ary operation, the bit rate is equal to log-n times the symbol rate (in Bauds), where n is the
number of significant conditions per symbol in the signal (see US Fed. Std. 1037C).
block: Unit of information consisting of a header and/or trailer and an information field (ITU-T Recommendation
I.113-301 modified).
block payload: bits in the information field within a block (see ITU-T Recommendation I.113-304).
branching point: connecting point splitting and/or merging 1 to n connection links
NOTE 16: Usually used in the meaning of splitting (i.e. multicast/point-to-multipoint sense).
bridge: Device which forwards traffic between network segments based on data link layer (OSI Layer 2) information
(see IETF RFC 1983 modified).
broadband: relates to a service or system requiring transmission capacity greater than 1920 kbit/s (primary rate)
NOTE 17: The term is a qualifier usually to indicate the bandwidth or bit rate needed by a service. The usage has
grown popular over the years but has no real connection to bitrate terms. Therefore the use of this term is
strongly deprecated. ITU-T Recommendation I.113-101 modified.
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16 ETSI TR 101 287 V1.2.1 (2001-09)
broadband communication channel ]B-ISDN]: Specific portion of the information payload capacity, available to the
user for ISDN services. A broadband communication channel exists only during a call, as set-up by a signalling or
administrative procedure.
NOTE 18: The term broadband is a qualifier usually to indicate the bandwidth or bit rate needed by a service. The
usage has grown popular over the years but has no real connection to bitrate terms. Therefore the use of
this term is strongly deprecated (see ITU-T Recommendation I.113-321 modified).
broadcast: Communication capability which denotes unidirectional distribution to all users connected to the network.
The user terminal is responsible for selecting which broadcast information to receive.
broadcast communication: Unidirectional communication from a single source access point to an unlimited number
(more than one) of unspecified destination access points (see ITU-T Recommendation I.140).
broadcast connection: Unidirectional connection between one (source) endpoint and an unlimited number (more than
one) of unspecified destination endpoints (see ITU-T Recommendation I.140).
broadcast network: Network providing a multitude of sound, television or other information signals (see: broadcast).
broadcast organization: organization which runs a broadcast network
broadcasting service: Radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the
general public. This service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other types of transmission.
(ITU Radio Regulations 36-3 and 36-17).
brouter: Device which bridges some packets (i.e. forwards based on data link layer information) and routes other
packets (i.e. forwards based on network layer information). The bridge/route decision is based on configuration
information (see IETF RFC 1983).
bypass switching: space switching from the receiver to the transmitter without involving the network layer
bypass switching [DTM]: space switching of slots from the receiver to transmitter on the same port on a per slot basis.
Bypass switching does not include time-reorder (see ES 201 803-1).
Cable Distribution Network (CDN): Tree-structured coaxial/HFC network to transport a signal to appliances.
Originally it was unidirectional and used for TV distribution (see ITU-T Recommendation Y.101 modified).
call: logical association between two or more endpoints, offering the possibility to make use of a telecommunication
service
call contractor: network operator responsible for establishment of a call, which may contain contributions from a
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