ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Ultra Wideband (UWB);
RF conformance testing of radar level
gauging applications in stillpipes TLPR

2 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)

Reference
RTS/ERM-TGUWB-141
Keywords
radar, radio, UWB
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 General testing requirements . 11
4.1 Environmental conditions . 11
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11
4.3 Choice of model for testing . 11
4.3.0 General . 11
4.3.1 Declarations by the manufacturer . 11
4.3.2 Marking and equipment identification . 11
4.4 Mechanical and electrical design . 12
4.4.1 General . 12
4.5 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12
4.5.0 General . 12
4.5.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 12
4.5.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 13
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13
5.1 Normal conditions . 13
5.2 External test power source. 13
5.2.0 General . 13
5.2.1 Internal test power source . 13
5.3 Normal test conditions . 14
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 14
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 14
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 14
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6 General conditions . 14
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements of transmitter . 14
6.1.0 General requirements . 14
6.1.1 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 15
6.1.2 Measuring receiver . 15
6.2 Receiver measurement arrangements . 15
7 Interpretation of results . 15
7.1 Measurement uncertainty . 15
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16
8.1 General . 16
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16
8.2.1 Definition . 16
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 17
8.2.3 Limits Frequency range . 18
8.3 Emissions . 18
8.3.1 Definition . 18
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4 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
8.3.2 UWB emissions . 18
8.3.2.0 General . 18
8.3.2.1 Method of measurement . 18
8.3.2.2 Limits . 19
8.3.3 Other Emissions (OE) . 20
8.3.3.1 Definition . 20
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement . 20
8.3.3.3 Limits . 21
8.4 Mitigation techniques . 21
8.4.0 General . 21
8.4.1 Shielding effects . 22
8.4.1.1 Applicability. 22
8.4.1.2 Description . 22
8.4.1.3 Limits . 22
8.4.1.4 Conformance . 22
8.4.2 Frequency domain mitigation . 22
8.4.2.1 Applicability. 22
8.4.2.2 Description . 22
8.4.2.3 Limits . 22
8.4.2.4 Conformance . 22
8.4.3 Equivalent mitigation techniques . 23
8.4.3.1 Applicability. 23
8.4.3.2 Description . 23
8.4.3.3 Conformance . 23
8.4.4 Thermal Radiation . 23
9 Receiver Conformance Requirements . 23
9.1 Receiver requirements . 23
9.2 Receiver spurious emissions. 23
9.3 Receiver interference signal handling . 24
9.3.1 Applicability . 24
9.3.2 Description . 24
9.3.3 Limits . 24
9.3.4 Conformance. 24
10. Conformance test suite for receiver parameters . 25
10.1 Interferer signal handling . 25
10.1.1 Description . 25
10.1.2 Interferer frequencies and power levels . 25
10.1.3 Real scenario . 27
10.1.4 Equivalent scenario . 27
10.1.4.0 General . 27
10.1.4.1 Radiated test setup for the equivalent scenario . 27
10.1.4.2 Conducted test setup for the equivalent scenario . 28
10.1.4.3 Test procedure for the equivalent scenario . 29
10.1.5 Alternative scenario . 30
10.1.5.0 General . 30
10.1.5.1 Conducted test setup for the alternative scenario . 31
10.1.5.2 Test procedure for the alternative scenario . 32
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 33
A.0 General . 33
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 33
A.1.0 Anechoic Chamber . 33
A.1.1 Anechoic Chamber . 33
A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane . 34
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 36
A.1.4 Test antenna . 37
A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 37
A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 37
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 37
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5 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
A.2.0 General . 37
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 37
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT . 38
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT . 38
A.2.4 Range length . 38
A.2.5 Site preparation . 39
A.3 Coupling of signals . 39
A.3.1 General . 39
Annex B (normative): Installation requirements for stillpipe TLPR . 40
Annex C (normative): Requirements on a test stillpipe . 41
C.1 General . 41
C.2 Measurement setup . 42
Annex D (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications . 44
Annex E (informative): Application form for testing . 45
E.1 Introduction . 45
E.2 General information as required by ETSI TS 102 692, clause 10 . 45
E.2.1 Type of equipment (stand-alone, combined, plug-in radio device, etc.) . 45
E.2.2 The nominal voltages of the stand-alone radio equipment or the nominal voltages of the combined
(host) equipment or test jig in case of plug-in devices . 45
E.3 Signal related information as required by ETSI TS 102 692, clause 10 . 46
E.3.1 Introduction . 46
E.3.2 Operational frequency range(s) of the equipment . 46
E.3.3 The type of modulation used by the equipment. 46
E.3.4 The worst case mode for each of the following tests . 46
E.4 Receiver test information as required by ETSI TS 102 692, clause 9 . 46
E.4.1 Worst case mode for RX tests . 46
E.4.2 Performance criterion and level of performance . 46
E.4.3 Receiver test setup . 47
E.4.4 Definition of interfering signals . 47
E.5 Information on mitigation techniques as required by ETSI TS 102 692, clause 8.4 . 47
E.5.1 Mitigation techniques . 47
E.6 Additional information provided by the applicant . 48
E.6.1 About the equipment under test . 48
E.6.2 Additional items and/or supporting equipment provided . 48
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 49
Annex G (informative): Change History . 50
History . 51

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6 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The radar level gauges covered by the present document do not use the signal form of time domain UWB short pulses.
Instead, they use the frequency domain based FMCW and/or SFCW waveforms. Thus the emission bandwidth
generated by the FMCW and/or SFCW radars is strictly controlled by the equipment itself.
The specified requirements in the present document describe the worst case scenario (i.e. the possible highest emissions
outgoing to the environment and incoming from interferer signal sources [10]) and is seen as a feasible test method to
prove compliance of radar level gauging applications in stillpipes.
The background and related applications have been described in ETSI TR 102 750 [i.2] where the applications have
been considered indoor like systems.
The purpose of revision of the present document is to update the previous version ETSI TS 102 692 (V1.1.1) [i.10] to
cover the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU [i.3].

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7 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for radar level gauging applications in stillpipes using UWB
technology operating in the frequency range of 9 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[3] Void.
[4] ISO 4266-1 (2002): "Petroleum and liquid petroleum products -- Measurement of level and
temperature in storage tanks by automatic methods -- Part 1: Measurement of level in atmospheric
tanks".
[5] API MPMS 3.1A and 3.1B: "Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 3: Tank
Gauging", Section 1A: "Standard Practice for the Manual Gauging of Petroleum and Petroleum
Products", published on 1 of August 2005; Tank Gauging Section 1B: "Standard Practice for Level
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Stationary Tanks by Automatic Tank Gauging",
published on 1 of June 2001.
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[8] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[9] Void.
[10] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to fulfil the
requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
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8 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[i.2] ETSI TR 102 750: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radar
level gauging applications in still pipes".
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] Void.
[i.6] Void.
[i.7] ETSI TS 103 052: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiated
measurement methods and general arrangements for test sites up to 100 GHz".
[i.8] Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the
Community.
[i.9] Recommendation ITU-R P.526-10 (02/07): "Propagation by diffraction".
[i.10] ETSI TS 102 692 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
RF conformance testing of radar level gauging applications in still pipes".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
dedicated waveguide antenna: device/structure to excite a certain waveguide mode that propagates inside a waveguide
only
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the transmitter to the total time
emissions: signals that leaked or are scattered into the air within the frequency range (that includes harmonics) which
depend on equipment's frequency band of operation
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator
EUT: radar level gauge with a dedicated waveguide antenna on a dedicated stillpipe
external floating roof: roof made of metallic material such as aluminium
NOTE: It moves along with the filling liquid below the roof inside the tank.
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9 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar: radar where the transmitter power is fairly constant but
possibly zero during periods giving a big duty cycle (such as 0,1 to 1)
NOTE: The frequency is modulated in some way giving a very wideband spectrum with a power versus time
variation which is clearly not pulsed.
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
pulsed radar: radar where the transmitter signal has a microwave power consisting of short RF pulses
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
radiation: signals emitted intentionally inside a tank for level measurements
Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) radar: radar where the transmitter sequentially generates a number
of frequencies with a step size
NOTE: At each moment of transmission, a monochromatic wave is emitted. It is distinguished from FMCW that
has the instantaneous frequency band rather than a single frequency wave. The SFCW radar bandwidth is
synthesized by signal processing to achieve required resolution bandwidth.
stillpipe: still-well, stilling-well, guide pole: Vertical, perforated metallic pipe built into a tank to reduce measurement
errors arising from liquid turbulence, surface flow or agitation of the liquid
NOTE: Any equipment made of a perforated steel pipe with diameters varying from a few centimetres up to
several decimetres. The perforations enable the liquid to freely flow into and out of the stillpipe at all
levels in a tank. Stillpipes are the preferred installation point of a Tank Level Probing Radar inserted
inside a floating or open roof tanks.
stillpipe TLPR: tank level probing radar coupled onto a stillpipe as one part installed through an external floating roof
in a tank
user manual: end user documentation to be included with the device
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
edge length of corner reflector (compare figure M.1)

coupling loss of the directional coupler between ports 1 and 2 in dB
( )
coupling loss of the directional coupler between ports 1 and 3 in dB
( )
cable loss of coaxial RF-cable A in dB
_
cable loss of coaxial RF-cable B in dB
_
attenuation of the coaxial attenuator A in dB
_
attenuation of the coaxial attenuator B in dB
_
c   velocity of light in a vacuum
cl1   cable loss 1
cl2   cable loss 2
dB   deciBel
dBi   gain in deciBel relative to an isotropic antenna
dBm   deciBel reference to 1 mW
D   duty cycle
E   electrical field strength
E relative dielectric constant of earth materials
R
E
rms   average electrical field strength measured as root mean square
f frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
G   efficient antenna gain of radiating structure
gain of the measurement LNA
GLNA
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10 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
gain of the measurement antenna
GA
G(f)   antenna gain over frequency
highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
f
H
f lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
k   boltzmann constant
P   power
P power spectral density
e.i.r.p.
P measured spectral power
m
P unwanted power spectral density
wall, e.i.r.p.
received interferer power at the location of the TLPR in Watt (in dBm) _ _

transmitted interferer power (generated by the signal generator) in Watt (in dBm) _ _

received echo power in the real measurement scenario in Watt (in dBm) _ _

maximum value of peak power of the TLPR in Watt (in dBm) in the real
measurement scenario
received echo power in the equivalent measurement scenario in Watt (in dBm) _ _ !"#
P output power of the signal generator measured by power meter
s
R   distance
rms   root mean square
reflection coefficient of the considered surface in the real measurement scenario
maximum measurement distance which the individual sensor is still able to reliably
$
measure under the influence of an interferer
distance between stillpipe TLPR and test antenna
t   time
Δd   measurement value variation over time during a distance measurement
wavelength in general or wavelength of the TLPR transmit signal at centre
frequency
relative permittivity of the surface material in the real measurement scenario
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC/DC Alternating Current/Direct Current
API American Petroleum Institute
BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
BW BandWidth
CE European Conformity
DC Duty Cycle
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EM ElectroMagnetic
EUT Equipment Under Test
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
IT Information Technology
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
NLOS Non Line-Of -Sight
OATS Open Area Test Site
OE Other Emissions
PC Personal Computer
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Remote Management System
RX Receiver
SFCW Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave
SMA Sub Miniature type A (connector)
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11 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar
TX Transmitter
UWB Ultra WideBand
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 General testing requirements
4.1 Environmental conditions
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements. The test conditions are defined in clause 5.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
The manufacturer shall submit one or more samples of the equipment as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (see clause 4), conditions of testing (see clauses 5 and 6), interpretation
of results (see clause 7), the measurement methods and limits for transmitters (see clause 8), receiver conformance
requirements (see clause 9) and conformance test suite for receiver parameters (see clause 10).
The manufacturer shall offer equipment complete with any auxiliary equipment needed for testing.
4.3 Choice of model for testing
4.3.0 General
One or more samples of the EUT, as described in annex C, shall be tested for both transmitter and receiver parameters,
respectively in accordance with clauses 8 and 10.
4.3.1 Declarations by the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall submit the necessary information regarding the equipment with respect to all technical
requirements set by the present document.
4.3.2 Marking and equipment identification
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable.
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• The name of the manufacturer or his trademark.
• The type designation. This is the manufacturer's numeric or alphanumeric code or name that is specific to
particular equipment.
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12 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
4.4 Mechanical and electrical design
4.4.1 General
The equipment submitted by the manufacturer shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with
good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services and
maximizing the handling capability of interferer signals from other equipment to the receiver.
4.5 Interpretation of the measurement results
4.5.0 General
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit together with the appropriate mitigation factors as
described in clause 8.4 shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present
document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report.
The measurement uncertainty is explained in clause 7. Additionally, the interpretation of the measured results
depending on the measurement uncertainty is described in clauses 4.5.1 and 4.5.2.
For radiated UWB emissions measurements below 9 GHz and above 10,6 GHz it may not be possible to reduce
measurement uncertainty to the levels specified in clause 7, table 2 (due to the very low signal level limits and the
consequent requirement for high levels of amplification across wide bandwidths). In these cases alone it is acceptable to
employ the alternative interpretation procedure specified in clause 4.5.2.
4.5.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum
acceptable uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) When the measured value does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of
the present document.
b) When the measured value exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of
the present document.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement undertaken. The
method used shall be recorded in the test report.
4.5.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable
uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits should be as follows:
a) When the measured value plus the difference between the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test
technician and the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty does not exceed the limit value, the
equipment under test meets the requirements of the present document.
b) When the measured value plus the difference between the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test
technician and the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty exceeds the limit value the equipment under
test does not meet the requirements of the present document.
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13 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.2.1 (2016-08)
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
...