ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Broadband Deployment and Lifecycle Resource Management;
Part 2: ICT Sites: Implementation of energy and lifecycle
management practices
2 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)

Reference
RTS/ATTM-0250
Keywords
broadband, energy management, ICT,
sustainability
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 9
Foreword . 9
Modal verbs terminology . 9
Introduction . 10
1 Scope . 11
2 References . 11
2.1 Normative references . 11
2.2 Informative references . 12
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 14
3.1 Terms . 14
3.2 Symbols . 14
3.3 Abbreviations . 14
4 Applicability of the present document . 15
4.1 Introduction to CLC/TR 50600-99-1 . 15
4.2 ICT sites . 15
4.3 Other Network Distribution Nodes (NDNs) . 15
5 Mapping ETSI EN 305 174-2 to CLC/TR 50600-99-1 . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Power supply and distribution . 16
5.2.1 Design aspects . 16
5.2.2 Operational aspects . 16
5.3 Environmental control . 17
5.3.1 Design aspects . 17
5.3.2 Operational aspects . 18
5.4 ICT equipment and software . 18
5.4.1 Design aspects . 18
5.4.2 Operational aspects . 18
5.5 Other practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 . 19
6 Construction recommendations . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Design practices . 20
6.2.1 Location of ICT sites . 20
6.2.1.1 Selection criteria . 20
6.2.1.2 Environment . 20
6.2.1.3 Power: sources of supply . 21
6.2.1.4 Environmental control: sources of coolant . 22
6.2.1.5 Reuse of energy . 22
6.2.2 Structure and configuration of ICT sites . 23
6.2.2.1 General . 23
6.2.2.2 Infrastructure supporting ICT equipment . 24
6.3 Operational practices . 25
7 Power distribution recommendations . 25
7.1 General . 25
7.2 Design practices . 25
7.2.1 Overview . 25
7.2.2 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) . 26
7.2.2.1 Efficiency . 26
7.2.2.2 Traditional UP S . 28
7.2.2.3 Modular UPS. 28
7.2.2.4 UPS in combination . 28
7.2.3 -48 VDC power solutions . 29
7.2.4 High efficiency distribution and power equipment . 29
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4 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
7.2.5 Migrating to 400 VDC . 30
7.2.5.1 General . 30
7.2.5.2 400 VDC versus AC. 30
7.2.5.3 Earthing and Bonding . 31
7.3 Operational practices . 31
7.3.1 Measurement, monitoring and reporting . 31
7.3.1.1 Measurement of energy efficiency of existing equipment . 31
7.3.1.2 Energy capacity management. 32
7.3.2 Maintenance . 32
7.4 Example outcomes . 32
8 Environmental control recommendations. 33
8.1 General . 33
8.2 Design practices . 33
8.2.1 Overview . 33
8.2.2 Overview . 34
8.2.2.1 Thermal segregation . 34
8.2.2.1.1 Basic "hot aisle - cold aisle" concepts . 34
8.2.2.1.2 "Pod" concepts . 35
8.2.2.2 Airflow management in cabinets/racks . 36
8.2.3 "Free cooling" . 37
8.2.3.1 General . 37
8.2.3.2 Direct air free cooling . 38
8.2.3.3 Indirect air free cooling . 38
8.2.3.4 Indirect water free cooling . 39
8.2.3.5 Absorption free cooling . 39
8.2.3.6 Adiabatic cooling . 39
8.2.4 Direct cooling . 39
8.2.4.1 Cooling-on-the-chip . 39
8.2.4.2 Liquid cooling . 40
8.2.4.2.1 Direct water free cooling (Cooling-on-the-rack) . 40
8.2.4.2.2 Liquid submersion cooling (oil cooling) . 40
8.2.5 Enhancements of cooling systems . 40
8.3 Operational practices . 41
8.3.1 General . 41
8.3.2 Temperature and humidity settings . 42
8.3.3 Environment control equipment . 43
8.3.4 Air flow in cabinets/racks . 43
8.3.5 Measurement, monitoring and reporting . 43
8.3.5.1 Energy . 43
8.3.5.2 Air quality . 45
8.3.6 Maintenance . 45
8.4 Example outcomes . 45
8.4.1 General . 45
8.4.2 Free cooling . 46
8.4.3 Temperature and humidity settings . 47
8.4.3.1 Energy consumption. 47
8.4.3.2 Time to "system shut-down" . 48
8.4.3.3 Restrictions on implementation . 49
9 ICT equipment and cabling infrastructure recommendations . 49
9.1 General . 49
9.2 Design practices . 50
9.2.1 Auditing the ICT estate . 50
9.2.2 Obsolete ICT equipment . 50
9.2.3 Selection of new ICT equipment . 51
9.2.4 Installation of new ICT equipment . 53
9.2.5 Software . 53
9.3 Operational practices . 53
9.3.1 Energy management . 53
9.3.2 Power management . 54
9.3.2.1 Activation of basic power management features. 54
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5 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
9.3.2.2 Activation of "sleep" mode . 55
9.3.3 Capacity management . 55
9.3.3.1 General . 55
9.3.3.2 Environmental capacity management . 56
9.3.3.3 Storage capacity management . 57
9.3.3.4 Server capacity management . 57
9.3.3.5 Network capacity management . 57
9.3.3.6 On-demand scalability for on-line business . 58
9.3.4 Server consolidation . 58
9.3.4.1 Consolidation of servers . 58
9.3.4.2 Virtualization . 58
9.3.4.3 Physical consolidation . 59
9.3.5 Measurement, monitoring and reporting . 59
9.4 Example outcomes . 59
9.4.1 General . 59
9.4.2 Power management . 60
9.4.2.1 Activation of "sleep" mode . 60
9.4.3 Server consolidation . 60
9.4.3.1 Virtualization . 60
10 Mapping of ETSI EN 305 174-8 to CLC/TR 50600-99-2 . 61
10.1 ETSI EN 305 174-8 and ETSI TS 105 174-8 . 61
10.2 Practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-2 . 62
10.3 Eco-management and sustainability . 63
10.3.1 Eco-design . 63
10.3.2 LCA . 63
10.3.3 Energy management . 64
Annex A (informative): ICT site Availability Classes . 65
Annex B (informative): Historic issues in ICT sites . 66
Annex C (informative): The application of energy management metrics . 67
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 68
Annex E (informative): Change History . 69
History . 70

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6 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
List of figures
Figure 1: Example of complex power distribution on an ICT site .26
Figure 2: Multi-vendor AC UPS technologies .27
Figure 3: UPS efficiency .27
Figure 4: Example of modular in-line UPS technology .29
Figure 5: Hot aisle - cold aisle approach .34
Figure 6: Hot aisle - cold aisle approach with improved containment .34
Figure 7: The "pod" concept .35
Figure 8: Graphical representation of Table 34 .47
Figure 9: Example showing effect of operating temperature on "time to system shut-down" .49
Figure 10: Server schedules .55
Figure 11: Capacity management .56
Figure 12: Physical consolidation and virtualization .59
Figure 13: Energy savings from virtualization .61

ETSI
7 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
List of tables
Table 1: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for power supply and distribution design .16
Table 2: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for power supply and distribution operation .17
Table 3: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for environmental control design .17
Table 4: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for environmental control operation .18
Table 5: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for ICT equipment operation .18
Table 6: Example of theme-based analysis of ICT site selection .20
Table 7: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing environmental aspects of ICT site selection .21
Table 8: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing power source aspects of ICT site selection .21
Table 9: Types of local power sources .22
Table 10: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing coolant source aspects of ICT site selection .22
Table 11: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing energy reuse aspects of ICT site selection.23
Table 12: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing ICT site structure and configuration .24
Table 13: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing ICT infrastructure .25
Table 14: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing ICT site operation .25
Table 15: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing UPS .26
Table 16: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing power distribution improvements.30
Table 17: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing power distribution energy efficiency MMR .32
Table 18: Typical outcomes resulting from energy management practices on power distribution .33
Table 19: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing "hot aisle - cold aisle" segregation .35
Table 20: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing "pod" concepts .36
Table 21: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing air flow management in cabinets/racks .36
Table 22: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing free cooling .38
Table 23: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing direct air free cooling .38
Table 24: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing free cooling .39
Table 25: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing indirect water free cooling .39
Table 26: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing liquid submersion cooling .40
Table 27: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing cooling system enhancements .41
Table 28: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing temperature and humidity settings .42
Table 29: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing environmental control equipment .43
Table 30: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing air flow in cabinets/racks .43
Table 31: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing environmental control energy management MMR.44
Table 32: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing air quality MMR .45
Table 33: Typical outcomes resulting from energy management practices on environmental control .46
ETSI
8 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
Table 34: Example of free cooling savings control .46
Table 35: Experimental temperature and humidity settings .48
Table 36: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing audits of ICT estate .50
Table 37: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing obsolete ICT equipment and services .51
Table 38: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing selection of new ICT equipment .52
Table 39: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing obsolete ICT equipment and services .53
Table 40: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing software .54
Table 41: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing power management .54
Table 42: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing environmental capacity management .55
Table 43: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing environmental capacity management .56
Table 44: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing storage capacity management .57
Table 45: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing server capacity management .57
Table 46: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing network capacity management .58
Table 47: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing virtualization .58
Table 48: Typical outcomes resulting from energy management practices on ICT equipment .60
Table 49: CLC/TR 50600-99-2 [i.1] practices addressing reduction of WEEE .62
Table 50: CLC/TR 50600-99-2 [i.1] practices addressing reduction of environmental sustainability .62
Table A.1: Availability Classes and example implementations .65

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9 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission
and Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable, covering lifecycle resource management of broadband
deployment as identified below:
ETSI EN 305 174-1: "Overview, common and generic aspects";
ETSI TS 105 174-2: "ICT Sites: Implementation of energy and lifecycle management practices";
ETSI TS 105 174-4: "Access Networks";
ETSI EN 305 174-5: "Customer network infrastructures";
ETSI TS 105 174-6: "Cable Access Networks";
ETSI TS 105 174-7: "Digital multiservice cities";
ETSI EN 305 174-8: " Implementation of WEEE practices for ICT equipment during maintenance and at end-of-life".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
10 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
Introduction
The increasing interaction between the different elements of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector
(hardware, middleware, software and services) supports the concept of convergence in which:
• multi-service packages can be delivered over a common infrastructure;
• a variety of infrastructures is able to deliver these packages;
• a single multi-service-package may be delivered over different infrastructures.
As a result of this convergence, the development of new services, applications and content has resulted in:
• an increased demand for bandwidth, reliability, quality and performance, with a consequent increase in the
demand for power which has implications for cost and, in some cases, availability;
• an associated continuous evolution of ICT equipment.
It is therefore important to consider the environmental viability of all network elements necessary to deliver the required
services in terms of the management of their operational aspects i.e. energy management (including energy efficiency)
and the management of the End-of-Life (EoL) of the ICT equipment.
NOTE: The term "environmental viability" is used while recognizing that well established treatments of
"sustainability" feature three separate viability objectives (environmental, economic and social). For the
purposes of the ETSI EN 305 174 series, only operational aspects of environmental viability are
considered. A wider approach to environmental viability takes other factors into account including the use
of raw materials and avoidance of hazardous substances in the construction of infrastructure or ICT
equipment- these factors are not considered.
New technologies and infrastructure strategies are expected to enable operators to decrease the energy consumption, for
a given level of service, of their existing and future infrastructures, thus decreasing their costs. This requires a common
understanding among market participants that only standards can produce.
The ETSI EN 305 174 series specifies the general engineering of various broadband infrastructures to enable the most
effective energy management (and management of other resources) and the appropriate measures for EoL treatment of
ICT equipment. Certain of the standards may specify requirements for interoperability.
The ETSI TS 105 174 series provide further details of the implementation of specific parts of standards in the ETSI
EN 305 174 series.
The present document specifies requirements for ICT sites within broadband deployment infrastructures.
The present document has been produced by ETSI Technical Committees Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM) and Cable in close collaboration with CENELEC, via the Installations and Cabling Co-ordination
Group (ICCG).
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11 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
1 Scope
ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] specifies a minimum set of required practices for energy management which are applicable to
ICT sites of all sizes and business models. These are taken from a sub-set of those practices recommended by
CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1].
CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] also contains a much wider range of recommended practices which are applicable to specific
designs of ICT site and may be applied to improve the energy management beyond the minimum requirements of ETSI
EN 305 174-2 [3].
The present document:
• maps the practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] to general application of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] and also to the
specific design options which may apply in a given ICT site;
• details examples of the impact of such practices in relation to reductions in energy consumption or
improvements in energy efficiency or management.
In addition, the present document addresses the end-of-life and maintenance aspects of WEEE (as in ETSI
EN 305 174-8 [4] and ETSI TS 105 174-8 [5]).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CLC/TR 50600-99-1:2019: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 99-1: Recommended practices for energy management".
[2] ETSI EN 305 174-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment and Lifecycle Resource Management; Part 1: Overview, common and generic
aspects".
[3] ETSI EN 305 174-2: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment and Lifecycle Resource Management; Part 2: ICT sites".
[4] ETSI EN 305 174-8: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment and Lifecycle Resource Management; Part 8: Management of end of life of ICT
equipment (ICT waste/end of life)".
[5] ETSI TS 105 174-8: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment and Lifecycle Resource Management; Part 8: Implementation of WEEE practices for
ICT equipment during maintenance and at end-of-life".
ETSI
12 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CLC/TR 50600-99-2:2019: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 99-2: Recommended practices for environmental sustainability".
[i.2] CENELEC EN 50173 series: "Information technology - Generic cabling systems".
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50174-2: "Information technology - Cabling installation - Part 2: Installation
planning and practices inside buildings".
[i.4] CENELEC EN 50600-1: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 1: General concepts".
[i.5] CENELEC EN 50600-2-1: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 2-1: Building construction".
[i.6] CENELEC EN 50600-2-2:2019: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and
infrastructures - Part 2-2: Power supply and distribution"
...