ETSI ETS 300 401 ed.1 (1995-02)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Sistemi radiodifuzije - Digitalna zvokovna radiodifuzija (DAB) za mobilne,
prenosne in fiksne sprejemnike
Radio broadcasting systems;Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) tomobile, portable and
fixed receivers
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 401 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 401
TELECOMMUNICATION February 1995
STANDARD
Source: EBU/ETSI JTC Reference: DE/JTC-DAB
ICS: 33.060
Broadcasting, radio, DAB, audio, data broadcasting, mobile/portable/fixed receiver,
Key words:
terrestrial/satellite broadcasting
European B roadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
EBU
UER
Radio broadcasting systems;
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to
mobile, portable and fixed receivers
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - secretariat@etsi.fr
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 401: February 1995
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 401: February 1995
Contents
Foreword .9
1 Scope .11
2 Normative references.11
3 Definitions, abbreviations, symbols and conventions.12
3.1 Definitions .12
3.2 Abbreviations .16
3.3 Mathematical symbols .18
3.3.1 Arithmetic operators .18
3.3.2 Logical and set operators.18
3.3.3 Functions.18
3.3.4 Constants .18
3.4 C-language mathematical symbols.18
3.4.1 Arithmetic operators .18
3.4.2 Logical operators.18
3.4.3 Relational operators .19
3.4.4 Assignment.19
3.4.5 Mnemonics.19
3.4.6 Method of describing bit stream syntax.19
3.5 Convention.20
4 Basic DAB system description .21
4.1 Transport mechanisms .21
4.2 Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI) .23
4.3 Audio coding .23
4.4 Data features .24
4.5 Conditional Access (CA).24
4.6 Energy dispersal .24
4.7 Convolutional coding.24
4.8 Time interleaving.24
4.9 Common Interleaved Frame.25
4.10 DAB transmission signal.25
4.11 Radio frequency parameters .25
4.12 Main DAB system characteristics .26
5 Transport mechanisms .29
5.1 Introduction .29
5.2 The Fast Information Channel (FIC).31
5.2.1 Fast Information Block (FIB) .31
5.2.2 Fast Information Group (FIG).32
5.2.2.1 FIG type 0 data field .33
5.2.2.2 FIG type 1 data field .34
5.2.2.3 FIG type 5 data field .35
5.2.2.4 FIG type 6 data field .35
5.3 The Main Service Channel (MSC) .36
5.3.1 Stream mode.36
5.3.2 Packet mode - network level .36
5.3.2.1 Packet header .37
5.3.2.2 Packet data field .37
5.3.2.3 Packet CRC.38
5.3.3 Packet mode - transport level .38
5.3.3.1 Data group header.39
5.3.3.2 Session header.39
5.3.3.3 Data group data field .40
5.3.3.4 Data group CRC .40

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ETS 300 401: February 1995
5.3.4 Interrelation of network and transport level in packet mode. 40
5.4 Transport of Service Information in the Auxiliary Information Channel. 40
6 Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI) . 41
6.1 Introduction. 41
6.2 Sub-channel organisation. 42
6.3 Service organisation. 45
6.3.1 Basic service and service component definition. 46
6.3.2 Service component in Packet mode with or without Conditional Access . 49
6.3.3 Service component with conditional access in stream mode or FIC . 50
6.3.4 Service component "hooks". 50
6.4 Ensemble information . 50
6.5 Multiplex re-configuration . 51
7 Audio coding . 52
7.1 Audio encoding. 53
7.1.1 Analysis sub-band filter. 54
7.1.2 Scale Factor calculation. 56
7.1.3 Coding of Scale Factors . 56
7.1.4 Coding of Scale Factor Selection Information . 58
7.1.5 Psychoacoustic model. 58
7.1.6 Bit Allocation . 58
7.1.7 Bit Allocation coding. 59
7.1.8 Quantization and coding of sub-band samples. 61
7.1.9 Formatting of the Audio bit stream . 62
7.2 Semantics of the audio bit stream. 63
7.2.1 ISO/IEC 11172-3 Layer II bit stream. 63
7.2.1.1 Audio sequence . 63
7.2.1.2 Audio frame. 64
7.2.1.3 Audio frame header . 64
7.2.1.4 Error check. 66
7.2.1.5 Audio data. 66
7.2.1.6 Ancillary data. 67
7.2.2 DAB audio bit stream. 67
7.2.2.1 DAB audio sequence . 67
7.2.2.2 DAB audio frame. 68
7.2.2.3 DAB audio frame header . 68
7.2.2.4 Error check. 69
7.2.2.5 Audio data. 69
7.2.2.6 Audio stuffing bits. 69
7.2.2.7 Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD) . 69
7.2.2.8 Scale Factor Error Check (ScF-CRC). 69
7.2.2.9 Fixed Programme Associated Data (F-PAD). 69
7.3 Audio bit stream syntax. 71
7.3.1 ISO/IEC 11172-3 Layer II bit stream syntax . 71
7.3.1.1 Audio sequence . 71
7.3.1.2 Audio frame. 71
7.3.1.3 Header . 71
7.3.1.4 Error check. 72
7.3.1.5 Audio data. 73
7.3.1.6 Ancillary data. 74
7.3.2 DAB audio bit stream syntax . 74
7.3.2.1 DAB audio sequence . 74
7.3.2.2 DAB audio frame. 74
7.3.2.3 DAB audio frame header . 75
7.3.2.4 Error check. 75
7.3.2.5 Audio data. 75
7.3.2.6 Audio stuffing bits. 75
7.3.2.7 Extended Programme Associated Data. 75
7.3.2.8 Scale Factor error check. 75
7.3.2.9 Fixed Programme Associated Data . 75
7.4 Programme Associated Data (PAD) . 76
7.4.1 Coding of F-PAD. 77

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7.4.1.1 Dynamic Range Control data.79
7.4.2 Structure of X-PAD.80
7.4.2.1 Short X-PAD .81
7.4.2.2 Variable size X-PAD .81
7.4.3 Application types .82
7.4.4 Contents indicator .83
7.4.4.1 Contents indicator in short X-PAD.83
7.4.4.2 Contents indicator in variable size X-PAD.83
7.4.5 Applications in X-PAD .84
7.4.5.1 Table of contents .84
7.4.5.2 Dynamic label segment .85
7.4.5.3 ITTS packets .87
7.4.5.4 In-house information.88
7.4.5.5 Closed user-group packet channel.88
7.4.5.6 Closed user-group stream channel .88
8 Data features.88
8.1 Service Information (SI) .88
8.1.1 Introduction.88
8.1.2 Service component language.88
8.1.3 Time and country identifier.89
8.1.4 Programme Number.91
8.1.5 Programme Type.92
8.1.5.1 Programme Type coding .92
8.1.5.2 Programme Type downloading.94
8.1.5.3 Programme Type preview .96
8.1.6 Announcements .97
8.1.6.1 Announcement support .97
8.1.6.2 Announcement switching.98
8.1.7 Service trigger .99
8.1.8 Frequency Information .101
8.1.9 Transmitter Identification Information (TII) .104
8.1.10 Other ensembles.105
8.1.10.1 Frequencies.106
8.1.10.2 Services.106
8.1.10.3 Programme Number.106
8.1.10.4 Programme Type.106
8.1.10.5 Announcements.106
8.1.10.5.1 Announcement support.106
8.1.10.5.2 Announcement switching.107
8.1.10.6 Text labels .108
8.1.10.7 Satellite database .108
8.1.11 FM services.108
8.1.11.1 Frequencies.108
8.1.11.2 Announcements.108
8.1.11.2.1 Announcement support.108
8.1.11.2.2 Announcement switching.109
8.1.12 FIC re-direction.109
8.1.13 Ensemble label.110
8.1.14 Service label.111
8.1.15 Service linking information .111
8.1.16 Regional identification .113
8.1.16.1 Region definition.113
8.1.16.2 Region label.115
8.1.17 Local service area .116
8.1.18 Satellite assistance.117
8.1.18.1 Satellite database .117
8.1.18.2 Satellite handover .119
8.2 Fast Information Data Channel.119
8.2.1 Paging .119
8.2.2 Traffic Message Channel (TMC).121
8.2.3 Emergency Warning Systems (EWS).121

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9 Conditional Access (CA). 122
9.1 Scrambling audio and data. 123
9.1.1 Introduction . 123
9.1.2 Description of the audio and data scrambling processes. 123
9.1.3 Generating scrambling and descrambling sequences. 123
9.1.3.1 Generation of the initialization word . 123
9.1.3.2 Phasing . 124
9.1.4 Scrambling/descrambling processes. 124
9.1.4.1 Conditional Access signalling configurations . 124
9.1.4.2 Scrambling/descrambling of the service components in
Stream mode . 125
9.1.4.3 Scrambling/descrambling of the service components in
Packet mode. 125
9.1.4.4 Scrambling/descrambling of the service components sent
in FIDC. 127
9.2 Signalling and synchronizing data. 128
9.2.1 Conditional Access Identifier (CAId). 128
9.2.2 Service Component Conditional Access (SCCA) . 128
9.2.2.1 First byte of SCCA . 128
9.2.2.2 Second byte of SCCA . 130
9.2.3 Data Group Conditional Access (DGCA). 131
9.2.4 Fast Information Data Channel Conditional Access (FIDCCA and
FIDCCA_Ext). 132
9.2.4.1 FIDCCA. 132
9.2.4.2 FIDCCA_Extended. 133
9.3 ECM and EMM transmission. 134
9.3.1 General description. 134
9.3.1.1 ECM coding. 134
9.3.1.2 EMM coding . 135
9.3.1.3 Command Identifier (CI) coding. 136
9.3.2 Transport . 136
9.3.2.1 MSC . 137
9.3.2.2 FIC . 139
9.3.2.3 Together with service component. 139
10 Energy dispersal . 140
10.1 General procedure . 140
10.2 Energy dispersal as applied in the Fast Information Channel. 140
10.3 Energy dispersal as applied in the Main Service Channel. . 141
11 Convolutional Coding. 141
11.1 Convolutional code. 141
11.1.1 Mother code. 141
11.1.2 Puncturing procedure . 142
11.2 Coding in the Fast Information Channel. 144
11.2.1 Transmission modes I and II . 144
11.2.2 Transmission mode III . 144
11.3 Coding in the Main Service Channel . 145
11.3.1 Coding for a sub-channel conveying an audio service component . 145
11.3.2 Coding for a sub-channel conveying data service components . 148
11.3.2.1 Equal error protection coding. 148
11.3.2.2 Future error protection coding. 149
12 Time interleaving . 150
13 Common Interleaved Frame. 156
14 DAB transmission signal. 156
14.1 General principles . 156
14.2 Structure of the main signal . 157
14.3 Synchronization channel . 160
14.3.1 Null symbol . 160
14.3.2 Phase reference symbol. 160

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14.3.3 Time reference .162
14.4 Block partitioning and association of blocks to OFDM symbols .162
14.4.1 Block partitioning and association of blocks to OFDM symbols in the Fast
Information Channel.162
14.4.1.1 Transmission mode I .162
14.4.1.2 Transmission mode II .163
14.4.1.3 Transmission mode III .164
14.4.2 Block partitioning and association of blocks to OFDM symbols in the Main
Service Channel .165
14.4.2.1 Transmission mode I .165
14.4.2.2 Transmission mode II .166
14.4.2.3 Transmission mode III .167
14.5 QPSK symbol mapper .167
14.6 Frequency interleaving.167
14.6.1 Transmission mode I.168
14.6.2 Transmission mode II.169
14.6.3 Transmission mode III.170
14.7 Differential modulation .171
14.8 Transmitter Identification Information .171
14.8.1 Transmission modes I and II.172
14.8.2 Transmission mode III.174
15 Radio frequency characteristics .174
15.1 Use of the transmission modes .174
15.2 Time characteristics.174
15.3 Spectrum characteristics .175
15.4 Spectrum mask.177
15.5 Permitted values of the central frequency .178
Annex A (informative): Main characteristics of the audio coding system.179
A.1 Input audio signal characteristics .179
A.2 Audio coding characteristics.179
A.3 Audio associated data characteristics.179
A.4 Functions provided by PAD.180
Annex B (normative): Audio decoding.181
B.1 General.181
B.2 CRC Check for audio side information.181
B.3 CRC check for Scale Factors.181
B.4 Decoding of ISO/IEC 11172-3 Layer II bit stream.182
Annex C (informative): Audio encoding.183
C.1 Analysis sub-band filter .183
C.2 Psychoacoustic model.188
C.3 Bit allocation procedure.196
C.4 Bit sensitivity to errors .198
C.5 Error concealment.198
C.6 Joint stereo coding .199

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Annex D (informative): Multiplex re-configuration. 202
Annex E (normative): Calculation of the CRC word. 204
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 205
History. 206

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Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced under the authority of the Joint
Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: This EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of ETSs in the
specific field of radio, television and data broadcasting.
The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work
includes co-ordination of its Members activities in the technical, legal, programme-
making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about
60 Countries in the European Broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva *.
* European Broadcasting Union
Case Postale 67
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 717 2111
Fax: +41 22 798 5897
1)
This ETS on Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) was prepared by the Project Team PT-20V. The work of
the Project Team was based on the studies carried out by the Joint EBU/Eureka 147 Task Force on DAB
System Definition. This joint industry/broadcasters group provided the necessary guidance on all relevant
technical matters to the Project Team.
The Project Team consisted of members of European broadcasting organizations and the consumer
electronics industry.
The ETS on DAB is based on the overall system and service requirements adopted by the ITU-R
Recommendations 774 [1] and 789 [2]. The audio coding algorithm used by the DAB system has been
subject to the standardization process within the ISO/Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG), see ISO/IEC
11172-3 [3]. The layered ISO open system interconnect model ISO 7498 [4] has been used to the extent
possible, and interfacing to information technology equipment and communications networks has been
taken into account where applicable.
This ETS defines the nature and content of the transmitted DAB signal with reference to the conceptual
emission part. The emphasis is given to the normative elements; informative elements are included only
to the extent necessary to provide interpretative guidance to the DAB system users and equipment
manufacturers.
The DAB system is a novel sound broadcasting system intended to supersede the existing analogue
amplitude and frequency modulation systems. It is a rugged, yet highly spectrum and power efficient
sound and data broadcasting system. It has been designed for terrestrial and satellite as well as for hybrid
and mixed delivery. The DAB system has been publicly demonstrated on a number of occasions during its
development. It has been subject to extensive field tests and computer simulations in Europe, USA and
Canada.
1)
DAB is a registered trademark owned by one of the Eureka 147 partners.

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ETS 300 401: February 1995
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) establishes a broadcasting standard for the Digital
Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system designed for delivery of high-quality digital audio programme and data
services for mobile, portable and fixed reception from terrestrial or satellite transmitters in the Very High
Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequency bands as well as for distribution through cable
networks. The DAB system is designed to provide spectrum and power efficient techniques in terrestrial
transmitter network planning, known as the Single Frequency Network (SFN) and the gap-filling technique.
The DAB system is suitable for satellite as well as hybrid/mixed terrestrial/satellite broadcasting, using a
simple, nearly omni-directional receiving antenna. The DAB system meets the required sharing criteria
with other radiocommunication services.
This ETS defines the DAB transmission signal. It includes the coding algorithms for audio, multiplexing of
audio programme and data services, channel coding and modulation. A limited range of supplementary
services associated with programme services is defined. Provision is also made for transmission of
additional data services which may be programme related or not, within the limit of the total system
capacity. The ETS provides information on the system configuration which includes information about the
ensembles, services, service components and linking of them. Provision is made for a compatible cross-
reference to existing Frequency Modulation (FM) services.
This ETS describes the nominal characteristics of the emitted DAB signal. The aspects related to the
receiver design are outside the scope of this ETS. Hardware implementation considerations are not
covered.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates, by dated and undated references, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriated places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ITU-R Recommendation BS.774 (March 1994): "Digital sound broadcasting to
vehicular, portable and fixed receivers using terrestrial transmitters in the
VHF/UHF bands".
[2] ITU-R Recommendation BO.789 (March 1994): "Digital sound broadcasting to
vehicular, portable and fixed receivers for BSS (sound) in the frequency range
500 - 3000 MHz".
[3] ISO/IEC 11172-3 (March 1993): "Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated
Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to 1,5 Mbit/s - Audio Part".
[4] ISO 7498 (1984): "Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Reference
Model".
[5] EN 50067 (April 1992): "Specification of the Radio Data System (RDS)".
[6] ITU-T Recommendation X.25 (1993): "Interface between data terminal
equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) for terminals
operating in the packet mode and connected to public data networks by
dedicated circuit".
[7] ETS 300 250: "Television systems; ETSI/EBU Joint Technical Committee (JTC)
Specification of the D2-MAC/packet".
[8] ETS 300 174 (1992): "Network Aspects (NA); Digital coding of component
television signals for contribution quality applications in the range 34-45 Mbits/s".
[9] ISO 3901 (1986): "International Standard Recording Code (ISRC)".

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ETS 300 401: February 1995
[10] Norwegian Telecom, Issue 2 (July 20, 1989): "NR - MSK Access Control
System".
[11] EN 50094 (1992): "Access control system for the MAC/packet family:
Eurocrypt".
[12] IEC 958 (1989), Amendment 1 (1993)(AES/EBU): "Digital Audio Interface".
[13] CCIR Recommendation 562-3 ITU Radiocommunications Sector, Volume X,
(1990): "Subjective assessment of sound quality".
[14] ISO/IEC DIS 13818-3 (March 1994): "Generic coding of moving pictures and
associated audio - Audio part".
[15] prEN 797: "Bar coding - Symbology specifcations Universal Product
Code/European Article Number (UPC/EAN)".
3 Definitions, abbreviations, symbols and conventions
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
Alias component: Mirrored signal component resulting from sub-Nyquist sampling.
Announcement cluster: A group of services which share the same announcement interruption privileges.
Audio bit stream: A sequence of consecutive audio frames.
Audio frame: A frame of 24 ms duration which contains information of an ISO/IEC 11172-3 [3] Layer II
encoded audio signal, corresponding to 1 152 consecutive audio samples at a 48 kHz sampling
frequency. It is the smallest part of the audio bit stream which is decodable on its own.
Audio mode: The audio coding system provides single channel, dual channel, stereo and joint stereo
audio modes. In each mode, the complete audio signal is encoded as one audio bit stream.
Auxiliary Information Channel (AIC): All or part of sub-channel 63, used to carry information redirected
from the Fast Information Channel.
Bark: See "Critical band".
Bit Allocation (BAl): A time-varying assignment of bits to samples in different sub-bands according to a
psychoacoustic model.
Bound: The lowest sub-band in which Intensity stereo coding is used, in the case of Joint stereo mode.
Capacity Unit (CU): The smallest addressable unit (64 bits) of the Common Interleaved Frame (CIF).
Common Interleaved Frame (CIF): The serial digital output from the main service multiplexer which is
contained in the Main Service Channel part of the transmission frame. It is common to all transmission
modes and contains 55 296 bits (i.e. 864 CUs).
Conditional Access (CA): A mechanism by which the user access to service components can be
restricted.
Convolutional coding: The coding procedure which generates redundancy in the transmitted data
stream in order to provide ruggedness against transmission distortions.
Critical band: A psychoacoustic measure in the frequency domain which corresponds to the frequency
selectivity of the human ear. The unit of this psychoacoustic measure is called Bark. The Bark scale is a
non-linear mapping of the frequency scale over the entire audio frequency range.

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ETS 300 401: February 1995
DAB audio frame: The same as audio frame, but includes all specific DAB audio-related information.
DAB transmission signal: The transmitted radio frequency signal.
Data service: A service which comprises a non-audio Primary service component and optionally
additional Secondary service components.
Dual channel mode: The audio mode, in which two audio channels with independent programme
contents (e.g. bilingual) are encoded within one audio bit stream. The coding process is the same as for
the Stereo mode.
Energy dispersal: An operation involving deterministic selective complementing of bits in the Logical
frame, intended to reduce the possibility that systematic patterns result in unwanted regularity in the
transmitted signal.
Ensemble: The transmitted signal, comprising a set of regularly and closely-spaced orthogonal carriers.
The ensemble is the entity which is received and processed. In general, it contains programme and data
services.
Ensemble Identifier (EId): A unique 16-bit code, allocated to an ensemble and intended to allow
unambiguous world-wide identification of that ensemble. The individual bits of the code are not individually
interpretable.
Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD): The extended part of the PAD carried towards the end
of the DAB audio frame, immediately before the Scale Factor Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). Its length
is variable.
Fast Information Block (FIB): A data burst of 256 bits. The sequence of FIBs is carried by the Fast
Information Channel. The structure of the FIB is common to all transmission modes.
Fast Information Channel (FIC): A part of
...