ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)

ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
Technical Report


Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000;
Considerations on possible harmonization between A, C and G
family Satellite Radio Interface features

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2 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)



Reference
DTR/SES-00090
Keywords
CDMA, satellite, UMTS
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3 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.6
2.2 Informative references.6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Presentation of (S)W-CDMA and SAT-CDMA .10
4.1 SW-CDMA.10
4.2 W-CDMA.10
4.3 SAT-CDMA.11
5 Commonalties and differences .12
5.1 Introduction.12
5.2 Commonalties and differences between SW-CDMA and SAT-CDMA .13
5.2.1 Physical channel structure.13
5.2.2 Channel coding and multiplexing .22
5.2.3 Spreading and Modulation.26
5.2.4 Physical layer procedure.27
5.3 Commonalties and differences between W-CDMA and SAT-CDMA.33
5.3.1 Physical channel structure.33
5.3.2 Channel coding and multiplexing .41
5.3.3 Spreading and Modulation.44
5.3.4 Physical layer procedure.46
6 Synthesis.53
6.1 SW-CDMA and SAT-CDMA .53
6.2 W-CDMA and SAT-CDMA .53
6.3 SW-CDMA and W-CDMA.54
7 SAT-CDMA new features with respect to WCDMA and expected added value for context and
service requirements.57
7.1 SAT-CDMA new features with respect to W-CDMA.57
7.1.1 Uplink random access.57
7.1.2 Dedicated Physical Channels.58
7.1.3 Uplink packet access.58
7.1.4 Downlink synchronization channel.58
7.1.5 Power control algorithm .59
7.1.6 TPC bits generation .60
8 Conclusion.61
Annex A: SAT-CDMA features technical assessment .63
A.1 Uplink random access .63
A.2 TFCI/TPC bits generation and transmission .65
A.3 FSW for path diversity from different satellites.65
A.4 Power control algorithm.66
A.5 Downlink short scrambling code and data scrambling for multi-user detection.69
A.6 Synchronization codes for downlink SCH in LEO constellation.69
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
A.7 Another comment.69
A.8 RACH Simulation.70
Annex B: W-CDMA radio interface parameters that need specific configuration for satellite
operation.72
B.1 Introduction.72
B.2 Random access.72
B.2.1 Preamble access.72
B.2.2 Preamble Acquisition Indicator reception .73
B.2.3 Message part reception.74
B.2.4 Performances.74
B.3 Power control.74
B.3.1 Open loop power control.74
B.3.2 Physical layer Closed loop power control .74
B.3.3 Slow closed loop power control (layer 3 power control).75
B.4 Timers adaptation.75
History .76

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems
(SES).
ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
1 Scope
The present document identifies all differences and commonalities between the A, C and G family satellite radio
interfaces (ITU-R Recommendation M.1457 [i.13]) in order to asses harmonization.
It also includes a synthetic view of new features proposed by SAT-CDMA and SW-CDMA vs W-CDMA radio
interface and what are their expected benefits, with respect to the context (type of constellation and service
requirements)
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TS 101 851-1-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 1: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels into physical
channels; Sub-part 2: A-family (S-UMTS-A 25.211)".
[i.2] ETSI TS 101 851-2-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 2: Multiplexing and channel coding; Sub-part 2: A-family
(S-UMTS-A 25.212)".
ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
[i.3] ETSI TS 101 851-3-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 3: Spreading and modulation; Sub-part 2: A-family
(S-UMTS-A 25.213)".
[i.4] ETSI TS 101 851-4-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 4: Physical layer procedures; Sub-part 2: A-family (S-UMTS-A 25.214)".
[i.5] ETSI TS 101 851-1-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 1: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels into physical
channels; Sub-part 1: G-family (S-UMTS-G 25.211)".
[i.6] ETSI TS 101 851-2-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 2: Multiplexing and channel coding; Sub-part 1: G-family
(S-UMTS-G 25.212)".
[i.7] ETSI TS 101 851-3-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 3: Spreading and modulation; Sub-part 1: G-family (S-UMTS-G 25.213)".
[i.8] ETSI TS 101 851-4-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Part 4: Physical layer procedures; Sub-part 1: G-family (S-UMTS-G 25.214)".
[i.9] TTAS.KO-06.0090: "IMT-2000 SAT-CDMA - Physical channel and mapping of transport
channels onto physical channels (Release A) (TTAE-3G-SAT-25.211)".
[i.10] TTAS.KO-06.0091: "IMT-2000 SAT-CDMA - Multiplexing and channel coding (Release A)
(TTAE-3G-SAT-25.212)".
[i.11] TTAS.KO-06.0092: "IMT-2000 SAT-CDMA - Spreading and modulation (Release A)
(TTAE-3G-SAT-25.213)".
[i.12] TTAS.KO-06.0093: "IMT-2000 SAT-CDMA - Physical layer procedure (Release A)
(TTAE-3G-SAT-25.214)".
[i.13] ITU-R Recommendation M.1457-6: "Detailed specifications of the radio interfaces of
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)".
[i.14] ETSI TR 102 058: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Evaluation of the W-CDMA UTRA FDD as a Satellite Radio Interface".
[i.15] ETSI TS 125 331:" Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); RRC Protocol
Specification (3G TS 25.331 version 3.3.0 Release 1999)".
[i.16] IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 19, No. 2, February 2001.
[i.17] IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 7, No.18, July 2000.
[i.18] IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 2, February 1999.
[i.19] ETSI TS 125 213: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Spreading and
modulation (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.213)".
[i.20] ETSI TS 125 214: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Physical layer
procedures (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.214)".
[i.21] TTAS.KO-06.0094: "Physical layer - measurements (Release A) (TTAE-3G-SAT-25.215)".
ETSI

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8 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
SW-CDMA: satellite radio interface referenced as SRI-A of IMT-2000 satellite component at
ITU-R Recommendation M.1457 [i.13]
NOTE: The SW-CDMA radio interface was produced by the ETSI SES Technical Committee as S-UMTS
A-family standard.
W-CDMA: satellite radio interface referenced at SRI-G of IMT-2000 satellite component at
ITU-R Recommendation M.1457 [i.13]
NOTE: The W-CDMA radio interface was produced by the ETSI SES Technical Committee as S-UMTS
G-family standard.
SAT-CDMA: satellite radio interface referenced at SRI-C of IMT-2000 satellite component at
ITU-R Recommendation M.1457 [i.13]
NOTE 1: The SAT-CDMA was produced by TTA of Korea.
NOTE 2: These radio interfaces are based on the FDD mode of UTRA defined by 3GPP Technical Specifications
and adapted for operation over satellite transponders.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
r code rate
K constraint length
R number of rows for a block interleaver
C number of columns for a block interleaver
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AI Acquisition Indicator
AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel
AP Access Preamble
APA aAccess Preamble Acquisition
APA/CD/CA-ICH Access Preamble Acquisition/Collision Detection/Channel Assignment-Indicator Channel
API Access Preamble acquisition Indicator
BCH Broadcast CHannel
BSDT Beam Selection Diversity Transmission
CA Channel Assignment
CAI Channel Assignment Indicator
CCC CPCH Control Command
CCTrCH Coded Composite Transport CHannel
CD Collision Detection
CDI Collision Detection Indicator
CDP Collision Detection Preamble
CLPC Closed Loop Power Control
CPCH Common Packet CHannel
CPCH-CCPCH CPCH-Common Control Physical CHannel
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSICH CPCH Status Indicator Channel
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9 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
DL Downlink
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DS Direct Spread
DTX Discontinuous Transmission
FACH Forward Access Channel
FBI FeedBack Information
FSW Frame Synchronization Word
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
GNSS Global Navigation Satelliite System
I I-branch
LC Long Code
LEO Low Earth Orbit
MAC Medium Access Control
MUD MultiUser Detection
MSS Mobile Satellite Service
NACK Negative ACKnowledgment
NI Notification Indicator
OLPC Open Loop Power Control
OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PCH Paging Channel
PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PG Processing Gain
PhCH Physical Channel
PHPPCH Physical High Penetration Paging Channel
PI Paging Indicator
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
PSC Primary Synchronization Code
RAN Radio Access Network
RLC Radio Link Control
RRC Radio Resource Control
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
RTD Round Trip Delay
SC Short Code
S-CCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH Synchronization Channel
SF Spreading Factor
SFN System Frame Number
SI CPSH Status Indicator
SIR Signal to Interference Ratio
SSC Secondary Synchronization Code
SSDT Site Selection Diversity Transmission
TF Transport Format
TFC Transport Format Combination
TFCI Transport-Format Combination Indicator
TG Transmission Gap
TPC Transmit Power Control
TrBk Transport Block
TrCH Transport Channel
TTI Transmission Time Interval
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink
ETSI

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10 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
4 Presentation of (S)W-CDMA and SAT-CDMA
4.1 SW-CDMA
SW-CDMA is a satellite radio interface designed to meet the requirements of the satellite component of the third
generation (3G) wireless communication systems. The SW-CDMA radio interface was produced by TS 101 851.
SW-CDMA is based on the adaptation to the satellite environment of the IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread terrestrial
radio interface (UTRA FDD or WCDMA). The intention is to reuse the same core network and reuse the radio interface
specifications for the Iu and Cu interface. Only the Uu interface will be adapted to the satellite environment.
SW-CDMA operates in FDD mode with RF channel bandwidth of either 2,350 MHz or 4,700 MHz for each
transmission direction.
SW-CDMA provides a wide range of bearer services from 1,2 kbit/s up to 144 kbit/s. High-quality telecommunication
service can be supported including voice quality telephony and data services in a global coverage satellite environment.
SW-CDMA deviation from the above-mentioned terrestrial radio interface are summarized hereafter:
• Maximum bit rate supported limited to 144 kbit/s.
• Permanent softer handover forward link operations for constellations providing satellite diversity.
• Permanent reverse link satellite diversity combining for constellations providing satellite diversity.
• Feeder link (gateway-satellite) and satellite to user link beam centre Doppler pre-compensation.
• Two-steps (instead of three-steps as terrestrial) forward link acquisition procedure.
• Introduction of a high-power paging channel for in-building penetration.
• Optional (not standard) use of pilot symbols in the communication channels.
• Reduced power control rate with multi-level predictive power control loop to cope with longer propagation
delay.
• Shorter scrambling sequence length (2 560 chips) in the forward link.
• Optional use in the forward link of a short scrambling sequence (256 chips) to allow CDMA interference
mitigation.
• Single user terminal level.
• Longer random access preamble sequence.
SW-CDMA offers a great degree of commonality with the terrestrial radio interface making the interoperability
between the IMT-2000 terrestrial and the satellite components easier.
For the comparison, the present document refers to Technical Specification (TS) describing the SRI as follows:
• ETSI TS 101 851-1-2 [i.1].
• ETSI TS 101 851-2-2 [i.2].
• ETSI TS 101 851-3-2 [i.3].
• ETSI TS 101 851-4-2 [i.4].
4.2 W-CDMA
This satellite radio interface is also based on the W-CDMA UTRA FDD radio interface already standardized in 3GPP.
Mobile satellite systems intending to use this interface will address user equipment fully compatible with 3GPP UTRA
FDD W-CDMA, with adaptation for agility to the Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) frequency band.
ETSI

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11 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
The use of a 3GPP standardized technology as well as a satellite IMT-2000 frequency band adjacent to a terrestrial
IMT-2000 frequency band allows to accommodate these MSS system's features in 3G handsets with no waveform
modification and consequently low cost impact. This optimizes considerably the market entry and penetration.
The key service and operational features of the W-CDMA radio interface are following:
• Support for low data rate services (e.g. 1,2 kbps) up to high data rate transmission (384 kbps) with wide area
coverage.
• High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable-rate services on each connection.
• Efficient packet access.
• Built-in Support for future capacity/coverage-enhancing technologies, such as adaptive antennas, advanced
receiver structures, and transmitter diversity.
• Support of inter-frequency handover for operation with hierarchical cell structures and handover to other
systems, including handover to GSM.
For the comparison, the present document refers to Technical Specification (TS) describing the SRI as followed:
• ETSI TS 101 851-1-1 [i.5].
• ETSI TS 101 851-2-1 [i.6].
• ETSI TS 101 851-3-1 [i.7].
• ETSI TS 101 851-4-1 [i.8].
4.3 SAT-CDMA
The SAT-CDMA is a satellite radio interface to provide the various advanced mobile telecommunications services
defined for the IMT-2000 satellite environment with maximum data rate, 384 kbit/s. This system could be applied for
LEO and GEO satellite for the global international communications.
The major technical scheme in SAT-CDMA is also wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) whose chip
rate is 3.84 Mchip/s.
The system has a high degree of commonality with the terrestrial ratio specification, IMT-2000 Direct Spread (DS), but
it also has a number of different features. Those features, which are necessary to reflect the satellite-specific
characteristics, such as long round trip delay and high Doppler shift, are implemented in the form of downlink
synchronization, uplink packet access, and closed loop power control.
For the comparison, the present document refers to Technical Specification (TS) describing the SRI as followed:
• TTAS.KO-06.0090 [i.9].
• TTAS.KO-06.0091 [i.10].
• TTAS.KO-06.0092 [i.11].
• TTAS.KO-06.0093 [i.12].
ETSI

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12 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
5 Commonalties and differences
5.1 Introduction
This clause provides a short list with all the points of divergence identified in the analysis of the (S)W-CDMA and
SAT-CDMA specifications. This list is intended as a guide to the more detailed comments provided in clauses 2 and 3.
This means practically that in many cases an item covers several points of clauses 2 and 3. Additionally, this list is a
pure description of the differences; where appropriate, a short technical discussion and a possible way of harmonization,
are included in the comments of clause 2.
The following tables show the differences and commonalties between the draft specifications of (S)W-CDMA and
SAT-CDMA, item-by-item.
ETSI

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13 ETSI TR 102 278 V1.1.1 (2008-08)
5.2 Commonalties and differences between SW-CDMA and SAT-CDMA
5.2.1 Physical channel structure
Table 1-1: Commonality in radio frame structure
Item ref. Item SW-CDMA SAT-CDMA Difference Commonality
1.1.1 Radio frame 10 ms = 15 slots = 38 400 chips 10 ms = 15 slots = 38 400 chips There is no difference. High
1.1.2 Time slot 2 560 chips 2 560 chips There is no difference. High
Abbreviations

Table 1-2: Commonality in the type of physical channels
Item ref. Item SW-CDMA SAT-CDMA Difference Commonality
1.2.1 Uplink DPDCH DPDCH There is no difference. High
dedicated DPCCH DPCCH
1.2.2 Uplink common PRACH PRACH  SAT-CDMA offers the PCPCH for Medium
PCPCH fast uplink packet-mode
transmission.
1.2.3 Downlink DPCH - DPDCH and DPCCH DPCH - DPDCH and DPCCH There is no difference High
dedicated
1.2.4 Downlink SCH SCH  SAT-CDMA offers secondary SCH Medium
common CPICH CPICH and AICH to assist mobile's beam
P-CCPCH P-CCPCH search and uplink RACH
S-CCPCH S-CCPCH transmission, respectively
CPCH-CCPCH SW-CDMA defines HPPICH for
PDSCH PDSCH high penetration paging.
PICH PICH SAT-CDMA defines the indicator
HPPICH AICH channels and the CPCH-CCPCH
APA/CD/CA-ICH for supporting the uplink PCPCH.
...