ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);
Technical Report
Part 1: UWB signal characteristics
and overview CEPT/ECC and EC regulation

2 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)

Reference
DTR/ERM-TGUWB-007-1
Keywords
SRD, testing, UWB
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Symbols . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 CEPT/ECC and EC UWB Framework . 13
4.1 UWB Definition: . 13
4.2 Brief description UWB applications in CEPT/ECC and EC . 17
4.2.1 Generic applications . 17
4.2.1.1 Applications . 17
4.2.1.2 Regulated Limits for General Case . 17
4.2.2 Location tracking . 19
4.2.2.1 Location tracking applications . 19
4.2.2.2 Location tracking type 1 (LT1) . 20
4.2.2.3 Location tracking type 2 (LT2) . 20
4.2.2.4 Location Application for Emergency Services (LAES) . 22
4.2.2.5 Location tracking in the railway environment. 23
4.2.3 Ground based vehicular applications . 23
4.2.4 Material Sensing devices . 26
4.2.4.1 Material sensing devices BMA and ODC . 26
4.2.4.1.1 Overview . 26
4.2.4.1.2 Building Material Analysis (BMA) . 26
4.2.4.1.3 Object Discrimination and Characterization (ODC). 28
4.2.4.2 Concrete inspections and imaging: professional Ground and Wall Probing Radars (GPR-WPR) . 32
4.2.5 (Tank) Level probing application . 33
4.2.5.1 Overview . 33
4.2.5.2 Tank Level Probing Radar . 33
4.2.5.3 Level Probing Radar . 34
4.2.6 Airborne . 35
5 UWB Signal definition . 37
5.0 Definition . 37
5.1 Impulse derived . 38
5.1.1 Pulse form/Pulse shape . 38
5.1.2 Characteristics of the fixed Pulse Train . 40
5.1.3 Modulation schemes for pulsed systems . 41
5.1.3.0 Description . 41
5.1.3.1 Some example modulation techniques . 41
5.1.3.2 Use of modulation for data transfer purposes . 42
5.1.3.3 Use of modulation for spectral smoothing . 43
5.2 Frequency modulated/carrier-based . 44
5.2.1 Summary . 44
5.2.2 Frequency hopping/stepping . 44
5.2.3 Frequency modulated continuous wave . 47
5.2.4 Multiband UWB signals . 48
5.2.4.1 Introduction . 48
5.2.4.2 Multi-band pseudo -carrier modulated signal . 48
5.2.4.3 OFDM and Multiband OFDM . 50
ETSI
4 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
6 UWB measurements . 51
History . 52

Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering UWB signal characteristics and related mitigation
techniques, as identified below:
Part 1: "UWB signal characteristics and overview CEPT&ECC and EC regulation";
Part 2: "UWB mitigation techniques";
Part 3: "World wide UWB regulation".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio technology enables a new generation of location tracking systems and sensor devices as
well as high-speed data devices for short range communication purposes.
It opens new markets with a variety of innovative applications.
UWB devices may form an integral part of other portable electronic equipment such as future generation cellular
phones or laptops equipped with UWB enabled short range air interfaces.
In addition, UWB devices with an operating bandwidth of several hundreds of MHz up to several GHz allow tens of
centimetre-level accuracy real time localization and positioning even in the presence of severe multipath effects caused
by walls, furniture or any other harsh radio propagation environments.
ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
It is a viable positioning and sensor technology that meets industrial requirements in the following markets:
1) Healthcare
2) Workplace/Smart Office
3) Public buildings
4) Security
5) Defence training
6) Entertainment
7) Logistics, warehouses
8) Manufacturing assembly lines
9) Road and rail vehicles sensor networks
10) Public transportation
11) Level Gauging
12) Professional ground- and wall probing

ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
1 Scope
The present document summarize the available information about the typical transmission signal characteristics used by
Ultra Wideband (UWB) devices, including the references to the relevant standards and CEPT/ECC and EC regulation
framework.
Different frequency ranges have been identified or are under study for applications based on UWB technology:
Table 1: Overview UWB application in CEPT/ECC, EC and ETSI (with related Harmonised Standards)
Application Frequency ETSI Standard Remark
Ranges [GHz]
Generic, non-specific 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-1 [i.23] Former ETSI EN 302 065
6 to 9
Location Tracking below 10 GHz 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-2 [i.24] Location Tracking Type 2
6 to 9 (LT 2)
Location tracking called Type 1 6 to 9 Former
ETSI EN 302 500 [i.62]
Location tracking called Type 2 3,1 to 4,8
Location Application for emergency 3,4 to 4,8
Services (LAES)
Location Tracking for automotive & 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-3 [i.25]
transportation environment (LTT) 6 to 8,5
Building Material Analysis (BMA) 2,2 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 435 [i.19] In the future covered by
ETSI EN 302 065-4 [i.63]
Object Discrimination and 2,2 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 498 [i.21] In the future covered by
Characterization (ODC) ETSI EN 302 065-4 [i.63]
Professional Ground- and Wall 0,030 to 12,4 ETSI EN 302 066 [i.20] ETSI EG 202 730 [i.42]
Probing Radars
Short Range Radar 24 GHz 21,65 to 26,65 ETSI EN 302 288 In progress, alternative
option to use 24 GHz to
29 GHz frequency range
Long Range Radar 77 GHz 76 to 77 ETSI EN 301 091 Not listed as UWB but
devices use signals with
BW > 500 MHz
Short Range Radar 79 GHz 77 to 81 ETSI EN 302 264
Tank Level Probing Radar 4,5 to 7 ETSI EN 302 372 [i.27]
(TLPR) 8,5 to 10,6
24,05 to 27
57 to 64
75 to 85
Level Probing Radars 6,0 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 729 [i.26]
(LPR) 24,05 to 26,5
57 to 64
75 to 85
ETSI
7 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] EU Commission Decision 2009/343/EC 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on
allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a
harmonised manner in the Community.
[i.2] EU Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the
Community.
[i.3] ECC/DEC/(06)04: "ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 on the harmonized conditions for devices
using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology in bands below 10,6 GHz", amended 9 December 2011.
[i.4] ECC/DEC/(07)01: "ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA)
devices using UWB technology".
[i.5] ECC Report 064: "The protection requirements of radiocommunications systems below 10,6 GHz
from generic UWB applications", Helsinki, February 2005.
[i.6] ECC Report 120: "Technical requirements for UWB DAA (Detect and Avoid) devices to ensure
the protection of radiolocation services in the bands 3,1 - 3,4 GHz and 8,5 - 9 GHz and BWA
terminals in the band 3,4 - 4,2 GHz", Kristiansand, June 2008.
[i.7] ECC Report 123: "The impact of object discrimination and characterization (ODC) applications
using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology on radio services", Vilnius, September 2008.
[i.8] ECC Report 170: "Specific UWB applications in the bands 3,4 - 4,8 GHz and 6 - 8,5 GHz
Location Tracking Applications for Emergency Services (LAES), location tracking applications
type 2 (LT2) and location tracking and sensor Applications for automotive and transportation
environments (LTA)", Tallinn, October, 2011.
[i.9] CEPT Report 10: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on
UWB Specific Applications", Final Report on July 2006.
ETSI
8 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.10] CEPT Report 9: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on
Harmonise radio spectrum use for Ultra-Wideband Systems in the European Union", Final Report
on 28 October 2005.
[i.11] CEPT Report 45: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Fifth
Mandate to CEPT on ultra-wideband technology to clarify the technical parameters in view of a
potential update of Commission Decision 2007/131/EC", Final Report on 28 October 2005.
[i.12] ETSI TS 102 883 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[i.13] ETSI TS 103 060 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Method for a harmonized definition of Duty Cycle Template
(DCT) transmission as a passive mitigation technique used by short range devices and related
conformance test methods".
[i.14] ETSI TS 102 754 (V1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics of Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation
techniques for SRD equipment using Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology".
[i.15] ETSI TR 103 181-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);Transmission characteristics;
Part 2: UWB mitigation techniques".
[i.16] ETSI TR 103 086 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Conformance test procedure for the exterior limit tests in EN
302065-3 UWB applications in the ground based vehicle environment".
[i.17] ETSI TR 102 495-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document Part 1: Building material analysis and
classification applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz".
[i.18] ETSI TR 102 495-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document; Part 2: Object Discrimination and
Characterization (ODC) applications for power tool devices operating in the frequency band of
2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.19] ETSI EN 302 435, Part 1 and 2 (V.1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment
applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.20] ETSI EN 302 066, Part 1 and 2 (V.1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.21] ETSI EN 302 498, Part 1 and 2 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Object Discrimination and Characterization Applications for
power tool devices operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.22] ETSI EN 300 328 (V.1.8.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band
and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.23] ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V.1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 1: Requirements
for Generic UWB applications".
ETSI
9 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.24] ETSI EN 302 065-2 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 2: Requirements
for UWB location tracking".
[i.25] ETSI EN 302 065-3 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 3: Requirements
for UWB devices for road and rail vehicles".
[i.26] ETSI EN 302 729, Part 1 and 2 (V1.1.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR) equipment operating in
the frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to
85 GHz".
[i.27] ETSI EN 302 372, Part 1 and 2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks
Level Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz
and 77 GHz".
[i.28] Recommendation ITU-R P.526-10: "Propagation by diffraction".
[i.29] Recommendation ITU-R P 679-1: "Propagation data required for the design of broadcasting-
satellite systems".
[i.30] Recommendation ITU-R RA 769-2: "Protection criteria used for radio astronomical
measurements".
[i.31] ECC TG3#18-18R0: "Flexible DAA mechanism based on "isolation criteria" between victim
service and UWB devices", ECC TG3 Meeting 18, Mainz, March 2007.
[i.32] JRC: "Report on Radio Frequency Compatibility Measurements between UWB LDC Devices and
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e ‐2005) BWA Systems", July 26 ‐27, 2010.
[i.33] Wimax Forum: "Mobile WiMAX - Part 1: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation",
August, 2006.
[i.34] L. K. Brunson et Alt: "Assessment of compatibility between Ultra WideBand devices and selected
federal systems", NTIA special publication, January 2001.
[i.35] Ching-Ping Wang and Wen-Jiao Liao: "Propagation of Ultra Wideband Signals in Automotive
Environment", National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
[i.36] Joaquim Fortuny-Guasch: "UWB screening attenuation measurements of cars", study by IPSC of
JRC and ETSI TG31C on the measurements of the screening attenuation of cars in the frequency
range between 0,85GHz and 11GHz, IPSC, October 2006.20.
[i.37] EC DEC on UWB (2014/702/EU): "Commission Implementing Decision of 7 October 2014
amending Decision 2007/131/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using
ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the Community".
[i.38] ECC/REC(11)10: "Location tracking application for emergency and disaster situations",
November 2011.
[i.39] ECC/REC(11)09: "UWB Location Tracking Systems TYPE 2 (LT2)", November 2011.
[i.40] ECC Report 167: "Practical implementation of registration/coordination mechanism for UWB LT2
systems", May 2011.
[i.41] ECC/DEC(12)03: "ECC Decision of 2 November 2012 on the harmonised conditions for UWB
applications onboard aircraft".
[i.42] ETSI EG 202 730: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Code of
Practice in respect of the control, use and application of Ground Probing Radar (GPR) and Wall
Probing Radar (WPR) systems and equipment".
ETSI
10 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.43] ECC/DEC(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.44] ECC/DEC(11)02: "ECC Decision of 11 March 2011 on industrial Level Probing Radars (LPR)
operating in frequency bands 6 - 8,5 GHz, 24.05 - 26.5 GHz, 57 - 64 GHz and 75 - 85 GHz".
[i.45] ERC REC 70-03 Annex 6, final version: "Relating to the Use of Short Range Devices (SRD)"
Tromsø 1997. Subsequent amendments 07 February 2014.
NOTE: Available on EFIS database www.efis.dk.
[i.46] ETSI TR 101 994-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB) Part 1: Communications applications".
[i.47] ETSI TR 101 994-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Part 2: Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; System Reference
Document".
[i.48] ETSI TR 102 495-3: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical Characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra-Wideband Sensor Technology (UWB); Part 3: Location tracking applications type 1
operating in the frequency band from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz for indoor, portable and mobile outdoor
applications".
[i.49] ETSI TR 102 495-5: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB); Part 5: Location tracking applications type 2
operating in the frequency bands from 3,4 GHz to 4,8 GHz and from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz for person
and object tracking and industrial applications".
[i.50] ETSI TR 102 495-7: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB); Part 7: Location tracking and sensor
applications for automotive and transportation environments operating in the frequency bands
from 3,1 GHz to 4,8 GHz and 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.51] ETSI TR 102 496: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for Location tracking
Applications for Emergency Services (LAES) in disaster situations operating within the frequency
range from 3,4 GHz to 4,8 GHz".
[i.52] ETSI TR 101 538: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); UWB location tracking devices in the railroad environment".
[i.53] ETSI TS 103 085: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB) for Location and Tracking railroad
applications; RF conformance testing".
[i.54] CEPT Report 34: "Report B from CEPT to European Commission in response to the Mandate 4 on
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)".
[i.55] ETSI TR 102 347: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detecting Movement; Radio equipment operating around
e.g. 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz, 77 GHz; System Reference Document for Tank Level
Probing Radar (TLPR)".
[i.56] ETSI TR 102 601: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
reference document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detecting Movement using Ultra
Wide Band (UWB) radar sensing technology; Level Probing Radar (LPR) - sensor equipment
operating in the frequency bands 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz; 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz; 57 GHz to 64 GHz
and 75 GHz to 85 GHz".
ETSI
11 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.57] ECC Report 139: "Impact of Level Probing Radars (LPR), using Ultra-Wideband Technology on
Radiocommunications Services".
[i.58] ECC Report 175: "Co-existence study considering UWB applications inside aircraft and existing
radio services in the frequency bands from 3,1 GHz to 4,8 GHz and from 6.0 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.59] ETSI TR 102 834: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Technical Characteristics for airborne Ultra-WideBand (UWB) applications
operating in the frequency bands from 3,1 GHz to 4,8 GHz and 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.60] ECMA-368:"High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC Standard", ECMA international, 3rd
Edition, Geneva, December 2008.
[i.61] EU Commission Decision 2013/752/EU implementing Decision of 11 December 2013 amending
Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and
repealing Decision 2005/928/EC.
[i.62] ETSI EN 302 500 parts 1 and 2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology; Location
Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.63] ETSI EN 302 065-4: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN covering the
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 4: Material Sensing devices
using UWB technology below 10,6 GHz".
[i.64] IEEE™ 802.15.4f-2012: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 15.4:
Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)".
[i.65] ETSI EN 303 883: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques".
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBi antenna gain relative to isotropic radiator in decibel
dBm Absolute power level expressed in decibels relative to 1 mW
EP Energy per pulse
f frequency
f0 start frequency
fE stop frequency
Δf step width
GHz Giga Hertz
kb Boltzmann constant
mW Milliwatt
MHz Mega Hertz
n number of hopps
N0 Noise floor
R0 predefined antenna impedance
T Temperature
Tc Chip period
t0 Start time
tE Stop time
Δthopp time for one step
Δton time transmission on (one step)
Tp pulse period
Ttxa Transmitter active time
Ttxi Transmitter idle time
ETSI
12 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
V0 Peak Voltage Amplitude
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ABL Anchor Based Location
AFL Anchor Free Location
APC Automatic Power Control
BMA Building Material Analyses
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BW Band Width
CEPT Commission Européenne des Postes et Télécommunications
DAA Detect and Avoid
DC Duty Cycle
DEC Decision
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropic radiated power
EC European Commission
ECC European Communication Comity
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association
EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Services
EN European Norm
FH Frequency Hopping
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FS Fixed Services
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FSS Fixed Satellite services
GPR Ground Probing Radar
IF Intermediate Frequency
LAES Location Application for emergency Services
LAN Local Area Network
LBT Listen before talk
LDC Low Duty Cycle
LPR Level Probing Radar
LT Location Tracking
LTT Location Tracking for automotive and environment
MB Multi Band
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
ODC Object Discrimination and Characterization
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OOK On-Off Keying
PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation
PPM Pulse Position Modulation
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PSD Power Spectral Density
RAS Radio Astronomy Services
REC Recommendation
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency Identification Device
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Services
SRD Short Range Devices
TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar
TPC Transmit Power Control
TR Technical Report
TRT Thales Research and Technology
TS Technical Specification
UWB Ultra Wide Band
WPR Wall Probing Radar
ETSI
13 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
4 CEPT/ECC and EC UWB Framework
4.1 UWB Definition:
UWB Definition out from 2007/131/EC [i.2]:
"'equipment using ultra-wideband technology' means equipment incorporating, as an integral part or as an accessory,
technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation and transmission of radio-
frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz, which may overlap several frequency bands
allocated to radiocommunication services."
Figures 1, 2 and 3 show an overview on the current regulatory and standardization framework of UWB in CEPT/ECC,
EC and ETSI. A written overview is given in table 2.
• Figure 1: Generic, location tracking, vehicular and specific sensor UWB
• Figure 2: Railway environment, (tank) level probing and ground/wall probing
• Figure 3: Automotive applications (not all seen as UWB)
NOTE: The overviews are reflecting the status at the time of the publication of the present document. Based on
the new Radio Equipment Directive (RED) in EC-Countries amendments of all ETSI harmonised
standards will be necessary. This could lead to a rearrangement of the standard (numbering, merging of
standards, etc.) but in most cases the numbers will kept (only document version will be changed).

Figure 1: Regulation and Standardization - overview 1
ETSI
14 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
Location Tracking in the railway environment Ground and Wall probing (Tank) Level probing
ECC Decision ECC Decision
ECC Rec
ECC Decision
EC Decision ERC REC 70-03
(06)04 (06)08
(11)09
(11)02
2013/752/EU Annex 6
12/2011 12/2006
10/2011
03/2011
11/2013
- Generic - Ground & Wall
- LT2 - Level Probing
- Tank Level
- LT1
Probing radar
radar
Probing radar
SRD Decision
- Vehicular
ETSI EG
202 730 V1.1.1
09/2009
ETSI EN ETSI EN
ETSI TR ETSI TS
- Code of practise
302 729 V1.1.2 302 372 V1.2.1
101 538 103 085
for licencing and
05/2011 02/2011
- description - test
registration
- Level probing - Tank Level
radar probing radar
NWI for NWI for
ETSI EN RE-D RE-D
Goal V 2.1.1 Goal V 2.1.1
For LT applications in the railway
302 066 V1.2.1
environment no specific regulation,
02/2008
with TS/TR the actual regulation is
- Ground and wall
interpretated, implementation based on
NWI for
probing radar
national decision RE-D
note 1
Goal V 2.1.1
ETSI Work item to revise current standard part (under R&TTE) to cover the essential requirements of
NWI for
article 3.2 of the new Radio Equipment -Directive (RE-D) of the EU.
RE-D
Current two part standards will be merged into a single Harmonised Standard

NOTE: These two applications are covered by the EC Decision 2013/752/EU [i.61] for SRD.
It should be noted that these devices use Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) modulation technology. However, the
industrial nature of these applications places them in a different regulatory category than the generic UWB
devices described by ECC/DEC/(06)04 [i.3] and some other kinds of specific UWB applications meant for
use by the general public.
Figure 2: Regulation and Standardization - overview 2

Figure 3: Regulation and Standardization - overview 3
ETSI
15 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
Table 2: UWB application in CEPT/ECC,EC and ETSI (with related Harmonised Standards)
UWB Application [GHz] ETSI Harmonised Current CEPT/ECC and EC regulation Mitigation technique
Standard
Generic, non-specific 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-1 [i.23] ECC/DEC (06)04 amended (2011) [i.3]
• LDC (5 %/s + 0,5 %/h) in the range 3,1 to 4,8
details clause 4.2 6 to 9 and in EC DEC 2014/702/EC [i.37]
• DAA (ETSI TS 102 754 [i.14])
Both mitigation techniques since the first
ECC/DEC(06)04 [i.3]
Location Tracking below 10 GHz, see clause 4.2,2
Location tracking type 1 6 to 9 ETSI EN 302 065-2 [i.24] ECC/DEC (06)04 amended (2011) [i.3] • DAA in 8,5 to 9GHz
details clause 4.2.2.1 and in EC DEC 2014/702/EC [i.37]
The Generic DAA usage was used since the revision of
ETSI EN 302 500 [i.62]
Location tracking type 2 3,1 to 4,8 ECC/REC (11)10 [i.38] Sight registration ECC report 167 [i.40]
details clause 4.2.2.2 Compatibility studies in ECC report 170 [i.8]
Location Application for 3,4 to 4,8 ECC/REC (11)09 [i.39] Sight registration ECC report 167 [i.40]
emergency Services Compatibility studies in ECC report 170 [i.8]
(LAES)
details clause 4.2.2.3
Location Tracking for 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-3 [i.25] ECC/DEC (06)04 amended (2011) [i.3]
• Generic LDC (was used for vehicular
automotive & 6 to 8,5 and in EC DEC 2014/702/EC [i.37] applications since the amendment of
transportation
ECC/DEC(06)04 [i.3]
environment (LTT)
• Total power control (TPC) since the first ECC
Details clause 4.2.3
DEC(06)04 [i.3]
• New LDC since amendment ECC/DEC(06)04
(year 2011), ECC report 170 [i.8]
• Exterior limit since amendment
ECC/DEC(06)04, ECC report 170 [i.8] and
ETSI TR 103 086 [i.16]
• DAA
Building Material 2,2 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 435 [i.19] ECC/DEC(07)01 amended (2009) [i.4]
• LBT
Analysis (BMA) and in EC DEC 2014/702/EC [i.37]
• Total radiated power (TG3 report)
Details clause 4.2.5.1
Object Discrimination 2,2 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 498 [i.21] Included in ECC/DEC(07)01 amended • LBT (ECC report 123 [i.7])
and Characterization (2009) [i.4]
• Total radiated power
(ODC) and in EC DEC 2014/702/EC [i.37]
• Duty Cycle
Details clause 4.2.5.2
aircraft/airborne 6 to 8,5 ECC/DEC(12)03 [i.41]
Details clause 4.2,7
Professional Ground- 0,030 to 12,4 ETSI EN 302 066 [i.20] ECC/DEC(06)08 [i.43] ETSI EG 202 730 [i.42]
and Wall Probing Radars
Details clause 4.2.4
ETSI
16 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
UWB Application [GHz] ETSI Harmonised Current CEPT/ECC and EC regulation Mitigation technique
Standard
Tank Level Probing 4,5 to 7 ETSI EN 302 372 [i.27] ERC/REC 70-03 Annex 6 [i.45]
Radar 8,5 to 10,6
(TLPR) 24,05 to 27
Details clause 4.2.6.1 57 to 64
75 to 85
Level Probing Radars 6,0 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 729 [i.26] ECC/DEC(11)02 [i.44]
(LPR) 24,05 to 26,5
Details clause 4.2.6.2 57 to 64
75 to 85
ETSI
17 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
4.2 Brief description UWB applications in CEPT/ECC and EC
4.2.1 Generic applications
4.2.1.1 Applications
Generic UWB applications are covered by ETSI EN302 065-1 [i.23] and described in System Reference Document
ETSI TR 101 994-1 [i.46]
Such UWB technologies are mainly used for short range communications or precise location and tracking, or short
range radar/imaging sensors. During the regulatory and standardization discussion in CEPT/ECC and EC specific
regulation and standards for example location tracking and sensor application were prepared.
The UWB technologies can basically split down into two groups:
• Impulse based technologies: this kind of technology consists of a series of impulses created from a dc voltage
step whose rise time can be modified to provide the maximum useful number of spectral emission frequencies.
The derived impulse can then be suitably modified by the use of filters to locate the resulting waveform within
a specific frequency spectrum range. This filter can be a standalone filter or incorporated into an antenna
design to reduce emissions outside the designated frequency spectrum.
• RF carrier based technologies: this is based upon classical radio carrier technology suitably modulated by a
baseband modulating process. The modulating process should produce a bandwidth in excess of 50 MHz to be
defined as UWB. Different modulating processes are used to transmit the data information to the receiver and
can consist of a series of single hopping frequencies or multi-tone carriers. This technology can be used for
both direct and non-direct line of sight communications, any reflected or time delayed emissions being
suppressed by the receiver input circuits.
For both of these techniques, modulation may include pulse positioning in time (with or without carrier modulation),
pulse suppression and other techniques to convey information.
UWB transmitters equipment as per the ECC/DEC/(06)04 [i.3] and EC DEC 2014/702/EC [i.37], conforming to ETSI
EN 302 065-1 [i.23] are not allowed to be installed at fixed outdoor locations, for use in flying models, aircraft and
other forms of aviation.
It may be a fixed, mobile or portable application, e.g.:
• stand-alone radio equipment with or without its own control provisions;
• plug-in radio devices intended for use with, or within, a variety of host systems, e.g. personal computers, hand-
held terminals, etc.;
• plug-in radio devices intended for use within combined equipment, e.g. cable modems, set-top boxes, access
points, etc.;
• combined equipment or a combination of a plug-in radio device and a specific type of host equipment.
The relevant regulation for generic and LT1 is in ECC/DEC(06)04 [i.3] and EC DEC 2104/702/EC [i.37].
4.2.1.2 Regulated Limits for General Case
The General Case will also cover location tracking, LT1 applications (see clause 4.2.2.).
The technical requirements below are not applicable to:
• devices and infrastructure used at a fixed outdoor location or connected to a fix
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