ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Broadband Deployment and Energy Management;
Part 2: ICT sites
2 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)

Reference
RTS/ATTM-02029
Keywords
broadband, energy efficiency
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3 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Overview of ICT sites . 13
4.1 Types of ICT sites . 13
4.2 Availability classes of ICT sites . 14
4.2.1 Availability Class and criticality . 14
4.2.2 Resilience . 15
4.3 Issues faced by ICT sites . 16
4.3.1 General . 16
4.3.2 Current issues. 16
4.3.2.1 Overview . 16
4.3.2.2 Principle issues . 16
4.3.2.3 Operator data centres. 17
4.3.3 Evolution . 17
4.3.3.1 Power and cooling demands of IT equipment . 17
4.3.3.2 Environmental impacts . 18
4.4 The new context . 18
4.4.1 Energy consumption and energy efficiency . 18
4.4.2 Factors impacting energy efficiency . 18
4.5 Eco-management and sustainability . 19
4.5.1 General . 19
4.5.2 Review of activities outside ETSI . 19
4.5.3 Eco-design . 19
4.5.4 Waste management . 19
4.5.4.1 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) . 19
4.5.4.2 End-of-life . 20
4.5.5 LCA methodology . 20
5 Energy efficiency standards and metrics . 20
5.1 Review of activities outside ETSI . 20
5.1.1 EU Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency . 20
5.1.2 Recommendation ITU. 20
5.2 Objective Key Performance Indicators . 20
5.3 Energy consumption in ICT sites . 21
5.4 Energy Efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) . 22
5.4.1 Data processing and Communication Energy Management (DCEM) . 22
5.4.1.1 Global KPI (KPI ) using the Objective KPIs . 22
DCEM
5.4.1.2 Global KPI (KPIDCEM) using the Objective KPIs for a group of ICT sites . 23
5.4.1.3 Relationship between KPI(s) . 24
5.4.1.4 KPI for ICT sites . 24
DCEM
5.4.1.5 Data collection . 25
6 Increasing the energy efficiency of IT infrastructures. 25
6.1 General . 25
6.2 Energy efficiency solutions . 25
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4 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
6.2.1 Obsolete equipment . 25
6.2.2 Replacement equipment . 26
6.2.3 Select and develop efficient software . 26
6.2.4 Power and capacity management . 26
6.2.4.1 General . 26
6.2.4.2 Power management . 27
6.2.4.2.1 Activation of basic power management features . 27
6.2.4.2.2 Activation of "sleep" mode . 27
6.2.4.2.3 Reduction of energy consumption of environmental control equipment . 28
6.2.4.3 Capacity management . 28
6.2.4.3.1 General . 28
6.2.4.3.2 Environmental capacity management . 29
6.2.4.3.3 Storage . 29
6.2.4.3.4 Servers . 29
6.2.4.3.5 On-demand scalability for on-line business. 29
6.2.5 Consolidation initiatives . 29
6.2.5.1 Consolidation of servers . 29
6.2.5.2 Physical consolidation . 30
6.2.5.2.1 The process . 30
6.2.5.2.2 The effects . 30
6.2.5.3 Virtualization . 30
6.2.5.3.1 The process . 30
6.2.5.3.2 The effects . 30
6.2.5.3.3 Reduction of energy consumption of IT infrastructure . 30
6.3 IT Reporting . 31
7 Increasing the energy efficiency of the communication equipment . 32
7.1 Review of activities outside ETSI . 32
7.1.1 Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Equipment . 32
7.2 Standard to be taken into account . 32
8 Reducing the energy demand of environmental control systems . 32
8.1 General . 32
8.2 Energy reduction solutions . 32
8.2.1 Measurement of thermal behaviour . 32
8.2.2 Improvement of cooling efficiency . 33
8.2.2.1 Zonal approaches to thermal isolation. 33
8.2.2.1.1 General . 33
8.2.2.1.2 Hot aisle and cold aisle segregation. 33
8.2.2.1.3 Cold aisle covers. 33
8.2.2.1.4 Segregation using curtains . 34
8.2.2.1.5 High density areas . 34
8.2.2.2 Reduction of thermal waste in cabinets/racks . 35
8.2.3 Modification of temperature and humidity . 35
8.2.3.1 General . 35
8.2.3.2 Results of experimentation . 36
8.2.3.3 Time before "system-shutdown" . 37
8.2.3.4 Restrictions on implementation . 38
8.2.4 Alternative cooling mechanisms . 38
8.2.4.1 Free cooling. 38
8.2.4.1.0 Generalities . 38
8.2.4.1.1 Direct air free cooling . 39
8.2.4.1.2 Indirect air free cooling . 40
8.2.4.1.3 Direct water free cooling (Cooling-on-the-rack) . 40
8.2.4.1.4 Indirect water free cooling . 40
8.2.4.1.5 Sorption free cooling . 40
8.2.4.2 Emerging technology (auto cooled chassis or chip-level cooling) . 40
8.2.4.2.1 Cooling-on-the-chip . 40
8.2.4.2.2 Liquid submersion cooling (oil cooling) . 40
8.2.5 Enhancements of cooling systems . 41
8.2.6 Energy Use and Environmental Reporting . 41
9 Improvement of energy efficiency of power distribution systems . 41
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5 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
9.1 Review of activities outside ETSI . 41
9.1.1 EU Code of Conduct on Energy Efficiency and Quality of AC Uninterruptible Power Systems . 41
9.1.2 CENELEC EN 50600-2-2 . 42
9.2 General . 42
9.3 Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). 42
9.3.1 Efficiency . 42
9.3.2 Modular UPS . 44
9.4 Energy efficiency improvement solutions . 45
9.4.1 Measurement of energy efficiency of existing equipment . 45
9.4.2 Energy capacity management . 46
9.4.3 Review of policy . 46
9.4.3.1 General . 46
9.4.3.2 Up to 400 VDC versus AC . 46
9.4.3.3 Earthing and Bonding . 46
9.4.4 High efficiency distribution and power equipment . 47
9.4.5 Backup power . 47
10 Infrastructure requirements to optimize energy efficiency. 47
10.1 Location . 47
10.2 Energy sources . 49
10.2.1 Main energy . 49
10.2.2 Backup energy . 49
10.2.3 Alternative power energy . 49
10.2.4 Reuse heat . 49
10.3 Building conception . 50
10.4 Internal design . 50
10.5 IT infrastructure . 50
11 Energy efficiency within ICT sites . 51
11.1 General . 51
11.2 Multi-disciplinary approach . 52
11.2.1 Urbanization . 52
11.2.1.1 General . 52
11.2.1.2 Processes . 52
11.2.2 Data Centre Infrastructure Management . 53
11.2.2.1 General . 53
11.2.2.2 Processes . 54
11.2.2.2.0 Overview . 54
11.2.2.2.1 Cartography and Referencing . 54
11.2.2.2.2 Modelization . 54
11.2.2.2.3 Management . 55
11.2.2.2.4 Report and Predict . 56
Annex A (informative): Indications of the effect of energy efficiency actions . 57
Annex B (informative): Indications and recommendations. 58
B.1 Indications . 58
B.1.1 Class and costs . 58
B.1.2 Improvement of services . 58
B.2 Recommendations . 58
B.2.1 Existing ICT sites . 58
B.2.1.1 General . 58
B.2.1.2 Reduction of KPI . 59
TE
B.2.1.3 Reduction of KPI . 59
EC
B.2.1.4 Optimum usage of existing resources . 59
B.2.1.5 High density areas . 59
B.2.1.6 IT Infrastructure . 59
B.2.1.6.1 Architecture and policy . 59
B.2.1.6.2 Automation and capacity management . 59
History . 60

ETSI
6 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission
and Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The increasing interaction between the different elements of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector
(hardware, middleware, software and services) supports the concept of convergence in which:
• multi-service packages can be delivered over a common infrastructure;
• a variety of infrastructures is able to deliver these packages;
• a single multi-service-package may be delivered over different infrastructures.
As a result of this convergence, the development of new services, applications and content has resulted in an increased
demand for bandwidth, reliability, quality and performance, with a consequent increase in the demand for power which
has implications for cost and, in some cases, availability. It is therefore important to maximize the energy efficiency of
all the network elements necessary to deliver the required services.
New technologies and infrastructure strategies are expected to enable operators to decrease the energy consumption, for
a given level of service, of their existing and future infrastructures thus decreasing their costs. This requires a common
understanding among market participants that only standards can produce.
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable which has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Access, Terminals and Transmission, Multiplexing (ATTM) in close collaboration with CENELEC via the
Co-ordination Group on Installations and Cabling (CGIC). It offers a contribution to the required standardization
process by establishing an initial basis for work on ICT general engineering, with active collaboration from a number of
other ETSI and CENELEC Technical Bodies.
ETSI
7 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
When complete, the multi-part deliverable will contain information that has been jointly evolved to present
developments in installations and transmission implementation, and describing their progress towards energy efficiency
in Next Generation Networks (NGN). In order to monitor the implementation and operation of energy efficient
broadband deployment, the present document also discusses Data processing and Communication Energy Management
(DCEM) for energy efficiency and focus on the possible consequences of standardization of installations, cabling
techniques and equipment. In particular, the study will investigate possibilities and suggest solutions for development of
processes for optimization in installation techniques and energy consumption.

ETSI
8 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document details measures which may be taken to improve the energy efficiency within ICT sites for
broadband deployment. Clauses 2 and 3 contain references, definitions and abbreviations which relate to this part;
similar information will be included in the corresponding clauses of the other parts, thus ensuring that each document
can be used on a "stand-alone" basis.
Within the present document:
• clause 4 introduces ICT site concepts including those specifically related to network operators;
• clause 5 develops the concept of Data processing and Communication Energy Management (DCEM),
introduced in ETSI GS OEU 001 [i.2];
• clause 6 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the information
technology infrastructure;
• clause 7 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the communication
technology infrastructure;
• clause 8 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the environmental
control systems;
• clause 9 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the power
distribution system;
• clause 10 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the physical
infrastructure;
• clause 11 provides a summary of energy efficiency approaches within ICT sites;
• annex A provides indications of the first order effect of applying the approaches outlined in clauses 6, 7 and 9;
• annex B contains the recommendations of the present document.
This will enable the proper implementation of services, applications and content on an energy efficient infrastructure,
though it is not the goal of this multi-part deliverable to provide detailed standardized solutions for network
architecture.
The present document focuses on energy efficiency. The CO footprint is not taken in account to the present document
but in the near future a regulation on CO footprint will be will be created.

Two separate aspects of energy efficiency are considered as shown in figure 1:
• actions to improve energy efficiency in existing ICT sites in the short or medium term;
• actions to improve energy efficiency in new ICT sites, in medium or long term.
The domains under study are:
• in the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure: all aspects of the technical infrastructure in the ICT site,
including servers, storage arrays, backup libraries and network equipment including routers, switches, etc.;
• in the IT operational strategy: all consolidation initiatives, such as virtualization, physical consolidations,
usage of specific software and processes;
• in the technical environment: all aspects concerning energy usage, cooling and, more generally, all disciplines
involved in the technical environment of the ICT site.
ETSI
9 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)

Figure 1: Aspects of data centres under consideration
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CENELEC EN 50600-1: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 1: General concepts".
[2] ISO 14045:2012: "Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems -
Principles, requirements and guidelines".
[3] ISO 50001:2011: "Energy management systems - Requirements with guidance for use".
[4] Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on waste
electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).
[5] ETSI TS 103 199: "Environmental Engineering [EE]; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of ICT
equipment, networks and services; General methodology and common requirements".
[6] ETSI ES 203 199: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Methodology for environmental Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods, networks and
services".
[7] European Commission: "DG-JRC Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T L.1300: "Best practices for green data centers".
ETSI
10 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
[9] ETSI ES 205 200-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Global KPIs; Operational infrastructures; Part 1: General requirements".
[10] CENELEC EN 50600-2-3: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 2-3: Environmental control".
[11] European Commission: "DG-JRC Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband
Equipment Version 5.0".
[12] ETSI EN 300 019-1-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations".
[13] European commission: "DG JRC Code of Conduct on Energy Efficiency and Quality of AC
Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)".
[14] ETSI ES 202 336-12: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and control interface for
infrastructure equipment (power, cooling and building environment systems used in
telecommunication networks); Part 12: ICT equipment power, energy and environmental
parameters monitoring information model".
[15] ETSI EN 300 132: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment".
[16] ETSI EN 301 605: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of 400 VDC data and
telecom (ICT) equipment".
[17] ETSI ES 202 336-9: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 9: Alternative Power Systems".
[18] CENELEC EN 50600 2-4: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 2-4: Telecommunication cabling infrastructure".
[19] ISO 14040: "Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles and framework".
[20] ISO 14044: "Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and
guidelines".
[21] ETSI ES 203 237: "Environmental Engineering (EE);Green Abstraction Layer (GAL);Power
management capabilities of the future energy telecommunication fixed network nodes".
[22] CENELEC EN 50600-2-2: "Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures -
Part 2-2: Power distribution".
[23] ETSI EN 300 132-3-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source,
alternating current source or direct current source up to 400 V; Sub-part 1: Direct current source
up to 400 V".
[24] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE);Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source, alternating current
source or direct current source up to 400 V".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
11 ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.2.1 (2017-01)
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 489: "Environmental Engineering (EE); European telecommunications standard for
equipment practice; Thermal Management Guidance for equipment and its deployment".
[i.2] ETSI GS OEU 001: "Operational energy Efficiency for Users (OEU); Global KPI for ICT Sites".
[i.3] ETSI ES 205 200-3: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Global KPIs; Operational infrastructures; Part 3: Global KPIs for ICT sites".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
availability: time or period during the application or the service has to be operational
NOTE: Availability is one of the criticality criteria.
computer room: closed, secured and environmentally controlled room in which IT equipment is operating
criticality: level given to an application or service, linked to the impact for the enterprise in case of crash
NOTE: More the impact is strong, more the application or service is critical.
data centre: centralized repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of data and information organized
around a particular body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular business
Data Centre Infrastructure Management (DCIM): set of automation tools for operations for managing and steering
ICT site
data processing and communication energy management: overall performance of the operational infrastructures
disk array: cabinet containing physical disks
energy efficiency: search in existing DC, or for new future DC, of all tracks and actions allowing minimizing energy
needs and costs
NOTE: Key drivers are Economic to decrease the energy bill by increasing the efficiency of all equipment and
minimize power loss.
information technology equipment: equipment such as computers, servers, mainframes, calculators and all storage
devices as arrays, libraries, tape robots together with routers and switches within the local area networks
IT equipment power: total power needed for operate servers, racks, disk arrays, libraries, network telecommunications
equipment (such as routers and switches), equipment used for monitoring the data centre (PC, laptops, terminals and
workstations) and network telecommunications-specific equipment (such as DSLAM and BTS)
green data centre: site that is energy efficient (consumption, energy re-use, renewable energy) and has a minimum
carbon footprint
NOTE 1: Energy Efficiency is one way, to decrease CO emissions, but it is not the only one.
NOTE 2: More "sustainable development" objective than economic, the key indicator is carbon footprint. Today,
this concept is not still clearly defined, especially since data centres are not major producers of CO , but
indirectly, due to their energy needs. If the source of power is becoming from renewable energies
(hydraulic, solar, etc.) or nuclear (not so green for earth, but not producing CO ) the carbon footprint of
the data centre is low. But if energy is becoming from coal, or fuel the CO emissions are high.
global KPI: KPI of an operational infrastructure which presents information from a number of separate
...