ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the
band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)

Reference
REN/ERM-TG34-004-1
Keywords
ID, radio, short range, terrestrial
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.7
Foreword.7
1 Scope.8
2 References.8
2.1 Normative references.9
2.2 Informative references.9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Symbols.10
3.3 Abbreviations.11
4 Technical requirement specifications.11
4.1 General requirements.11
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.12
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .12
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges .12
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies.12
4.2.2.2 Channel range.12
4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies .13
4.2.3 Number of samples for testing.13
4.2.4 Test mode.13
4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels .13
4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) .14
4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector.14
4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector.14
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.14
4.3.1 General.14
4.3.2 Controls.14
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.14
4.3.4 CE Marking.14
4.4 Declarations by the provider .14
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment .15
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .15
5.2 Test power sources .15
5.2.1 External test power source.15
5.2.2 Internal test power source .15
5.3 Normal test conditions.16
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.16
5.3.2 Normal test power source .16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.16
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .16
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.16
5.4 Extreme test conditions .16
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.16
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.16
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation .17
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation .17
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources and gel-cell battery power sources.18
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries.18
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
5.4.2.4 Other power sources.18
6 General conditions.18
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation.18
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data .18
6.2 Artificial antenna.18
6.3 Test fixture.19
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements .19
6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter .19
6.6 Measuring receiver.19
7 Measurement uncertainty .20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .20
8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment.20
8.1.1 Definition.20
8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error.21
8.1.3 Limits.21
8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions .21
8.2.1 Definition.21
8.2.2 Method of measurement.21
8.2.3 Limits.21
8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.).22
8.3.1 Definition.22
8.3.2 Method of measurement.22
8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement.22
8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement.23
8.3.3 Limits.23
8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask.24
8.4.1 Definition.24
8.4.2 Method of measurement.24
8.4.3 Limits.25
8.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain.25
8.5.1 Definition.25
8.5.2 Method of measurement.25
8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i).26
8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii).26
8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b).27
8.5.3 Limits.27
8.6 Transmission times.27
8.6.1 Definition.27
8.6.2 Method of measurement.28
8.6.3 Limits.28
9 Receiver parameters .29
9.1 Co-channel rejection.29
9.1.1 Definition.29
9.1.2 Method of measurement.29
9.1.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.29
9.1.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.30
9.1.3 Limits.30
9.2 Adjacent channel selectivity.30
9.2.1 Definition.30
9.2.2 Method of measurement.30
9.2.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.31
9.2.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.31
9.2.3 Limits.32
9.3 Blocking or desensitization .32
9.3.1 Definition.32
9.3.2 Method of measurement.32
9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.32
9.3.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.33
9.3.3 Limits.33
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
9.4 Spurious emissions.33
9.4.1 Definition.33
9.4.2 Method of measurement.34
9.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.4.2, a) i).34
9.4.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, a) ii).34
9.4.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, b).35
9.4.3 Limits.35
10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions .35
10.1 Definition.35
10.2 Method of measurement.35
10.3 Limits.36
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.38
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .38
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.38
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.39
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .40
A.1.4 Test antenna.41
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.42
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.42
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.42
A.1.7.1 General.42
A.1.7.2 Description.42
A.1.7.3 Calibration.42
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .42
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .43
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .43
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.43
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.43
A.2.4 Range length.43
A.2.5 Site preparation.44
A.3 Coupling of signals.45
A.3.1 General.45
A.3.2 Data signals.45
A.4 Standard test position .45
A.5 Test fixture.46
A.5.1 Description.46
A.5.2 Calibration.46
A.5.3 Mode of use.47
Annex B (normative): Listen Before Talk .48
B.1 General performance criteria.48
B.1.1 Void.48
B.1.2 Receiver functional specification .48
B.1.2.1 Listen mode.48
B.1.2.2 Talk mode.48
B.1.3 Scan mode.48
B.2 Receiver threshold in listen mode .49
B.2.1 Definition.49
B.2.2 Method of measurement.49
B.2.3 Limits.50
B.3 Blocking or desensitization in listen mode.50
B.3.1 Definition.50
B.3.2 Method of measurement.51
B.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals .51
B.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement.52
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
B.3.3 Limits.53
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.54
History .55

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test
methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides normative specifications on tests to be carried out on interrogators that include the optional feature
called "Listen Before Talk".
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment
operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
The present document includes improvements to the previous version of the standard that take advantage of technical
developments within the RFID industry. In particular this includes the ability for multiple interrogators to transmit
simultaneously on the same channel. This provides significant improvements in spectrum efficiency and system
performance. As a consequence "listen before talk" is no longer a requirement.

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 21 March 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2008

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range
devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz
to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit
in four specified channels of 200 kHz each using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal
preferably in the adjacent low power channels. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas.
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [4] and EN 301 489-3 [5].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V.1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (V.1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and
evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[3] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V.1.7.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements".
[5] ETSI EN 301 489-3 (V.1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 3: Specific conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between
9 kHz and 40 GHz".
[6] TCAM (21)36: "Passive RFID tags at the stage of placing on the market and the R&TTE
Directive".
[7] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[8] IEC 60489-3 Appendix J Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment
used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions" pages 156 to 164.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adaptive frequency agility: technique that allows an interrogator to change its frequency of operation automatically
from one channel to another
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the emission by a device is authorized
battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal
circuitry
batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an
interrogator
battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable
part of the equipment
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
dense interrogator mode: RFID operating mode in which multiple interrogators can transmit simultaneously in the
same channel while tags respond in the adjacent channels
effective radiated power: product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the
direction of maximum gain
external antenna: antenna that may be connected to an interrogator via its external connector
full tests: all tests specified in the present document
global scroll: mode in which an interrogator is able to read the same tag continuously for test purposes only
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information
in a tag
limited tests: limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of the present document) are as follows:
• transmitter frequency error and frequency stability under low voltage conditions for mains operated
equipment, see clause 8.1 of the present document;
• transmitter frequency stability under low voltage conditions, see clause 8.2 of the present document;
• transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of the present document.
Listen Before Talk (LBT): action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting (also
known as "listen before transmit")
provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected channel and transmits
automatically on another channel
NOTE: See clause B.1.3.
tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal
talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
d distance
f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator
fe the maximum frequency drift as measured in clause 8.1.2 b)
Ω Ohms
λ wavelength
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ERC European Radio communication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FT Full Tests
LBT Listen Before Talk
LT Limited Tests
OATS Open Area Test Site
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Interrogators shall transmit on any of the high power channels specified in clause 4.2.2.1 at power levels up to the limit
specified in clause 8.3.3.
An interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit
defined in clause 8.6.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same channel for
the period defined in clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may switch immediately to any one of the other high
power channels send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no
limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated.
In a preferred method of operation tags, that are activated by an interrogator transmitting in a high power channel,
respond in the adjacent low power channels. This technique is called the dense interrogator mode. It has the benefit of
separating the frequencies of transmission of the interrogators and tags, allowing multiple interrogators to share the
same channel thereby improving system performance. It also minimises the generation of inter-modulation products,
which may disrupt the behaviour of tags.
The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to
perform the intended operation. Interrogators shall support trigger techniques that indicate the presence or arrival of
objects that may be tagged. Irrespective of the application, an interrogator shall stop transmitting after it has ceased to
read any further tags, as specified in clause 8.6.3.
Interrogators may also operate in a presence sensing mode in which they periodically transmit to determine whether
tags have entered their interrogation zones. When operating in this mode, interrogators shall restrict the length of each
transmission to less than 1 second and the period between successive transmissions shall be no less than 100 ms. Once
an interrogator has determined the presence of tags, it will commence its reading routine.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is
intended to operate.
Providers shall select frequencies of operation in accordance with the channel plan defined in clause 4.2.2.1 and in
accordance with the power levels defined in clause 8.3.3.
If equipment is designed to operate with different carrier powers, measurement of each transmitter parameter shall be
performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed according to the present document on samples of equipment as defined in clauses 4.2.1 to 4.5. These clauses
are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the
necessity of performing measurements at all frequencies.
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
The provider shall supply one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, for testing.
If an equipment has several optional features considered not to affect the RF parameters then tests need only be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
In the case of hand portable equipment without a 50 Ω external antenna connector, see clause 4.2.6.
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies
Interrogators shall operate within the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz on any of the four specified high power channels as
illustrated in figure 1. The band width of each high power channel shall be 200 kHz and the centre frequency of the
lowest channel shall
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2008
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP(50
2SUHPD]DUDGLRIUHNYHQþQRLGHQWLILNDFLMR5),'NLGHOXMHYSDVXRG0+]GR
0+]]PRþQRVWQLPLQLYRMLGR:GHO7HKQLþQH]DKWHYHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Radio Frequency
Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up
to 2 W - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 208-1 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the
band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)

Reference
REN/ERM-TG34-004-1
Keywords
ID, radio, short range, terrestrial
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.7
Foreword.7
1 Scope.8
2 References.8
2.1 Normative references.9
2.2 Informative references.9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Symbols.10
3.3 Abbreviations.11
4 Technical requirement specifications.11
4.1 General requirements.11
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.12
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .12
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges .12
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies.12
4.2.2.2 Channel range.12
4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies .13
4.2.3 Number of samples for testing.13
4.2.4 Test mode.13
4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels .13
4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) .14
4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector.14
4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector.14
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.14
4.3.1 General.14
4.3.2 Controls.14
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.14
4.3.4 CE Marking.14
4.4 Declarations by the provider .14
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment .15
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .15
5.2 Test power sources .15
5.2.1 External test power source.15
5.2.2 Internal test power source .15
5.3 Normal test conditions.16
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.16
5.3.2 Normal test power source .16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.16
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .16
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.16
5.4 Extreme test conditions .16
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.16
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.16
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation .17
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation .17
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources and gel-cell battery power sources.18
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries.18
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
5.4.2.4 Other power sources.18
6 General conditions.18
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation.18
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data .18
6.2 Artificial antenna.18
6.3 Test fixture.19
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements .19
6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter .19
6.6 Measuring receiver.19
7 Measurement uncertainty .20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .20
8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment.20
8.1.1 Definition.20
8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error.21
8.1.3 Limits.21
8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions .21
8.2.1 Definition.21
8.2.2 Method of measurement.21
8.2.3 Limits.21
8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.).22
8.3.1 Definition.22
8.3.2 Method of measurement.22
8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement.22
8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement.23
8.3.3 Limits.23
8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask.24
8.4.1 Definition.24
8.4.2 Method of measurement.24
8.4.3 Limits.25
8.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain.25
8.5.1 Definition.25
8.5.2 Method of measurement.25
8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i).26
8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii).26
8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b).27
8.5.3 Limits.27
8.6 Transmission times.27
8.6.1 Definition.27
8.6.2 Method of measurement.28
8.6.3 Limits.28
9 Receiver parameters .29
9.1 Co-channel rejection.29
9.1.1 Definition.29
9.1.2 Method of measurement.29
9.1.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.29
9.1.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.30
9.1.3 Limits.30
9.2 Adjacent channel selectivity.30
9.2.1 Definition.30
9.2.2 Method of measurement.30
9.2.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.31
9.2.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.31
9.2.3 Limits.32
9.3 Blocking or desensitization .32
9.3.1 Definition.32
9.3.2 Method of measurement.32
9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals.32
9.3.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter.33
9.3.3 Limits.33
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5 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
9.4 Spurious emissions.33
9.4.1 Definition.33
9.4.2 Method of measurement.34
9.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.4.2, a) i).34
9.4.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, a) ii).34
9.4.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, b).35
9.4.3 Limits.35
10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions .35
10.1 Definition.35
10.2 Method of measurement.35
10.3 Limits.36
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.38
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .38
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.38
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.39
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .40
A.1.4 Test antenna.41
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.42
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.42
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.42
A.1.7.1 General.42
A.1.7.2 Description.42
A.1.7.3 Calibration.42
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .42
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .43
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .43
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.43
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.43
A.2.4 Range length.43
A.2.5 Site preparation.44
A.3 Coupling of signals.45
A.3.1 General.45
A.3.2 Data signals.45
A.4 Standard test position .45
A.5 Test fixture.46
A.5.1 Description.46
A.5.2 Calibration.46
A.5.3 Mode of use.47
Annex B (normative): Listen Before Talk .48
B.1 General performance criteria.48
B.1.1 Void.48
B.1.2 Receiver functional specification .48
B.1.2.1 Listen mode.48
B.1.2.2 Talk mode.48
B.1.3 Scan mode.48
B.2 Receiver threshold in listen mode .49
B.2.1 Definition.49
B.2.2 Method of measurement.49
B.2.3 Limits.50
B.3 Blocking or desensitization in listen mode.50
B.3.1 Definition.50
B.3.2 Method of measurement.51
B.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals .51
B.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement.52
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B.3.3 Limits.53
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.54
History .55

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Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test
methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides normative specifications on tests to be carried out on interrogators that include the optional feature
called "Listen Before Talk".
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment
operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
The present document includes improvements to the previous version of the standard that take advantage of technical
developments within the RFID industry. In particular this includes the ability for multiple interrogators to transmit
simultaneously on the same channel. This provides significant improvements in spectrum efficiency and system
performance. As a consequence "listen before talk" is no longer a requirement.

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 21 March 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2008

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8 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range
devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz
to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit
in four specified channels of 200 kHz each using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal
preferably in the adjacent low power channels. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas.
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [4] and EN 301 489-3 [5].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
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9 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V.1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (V.1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and
evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[3] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V.1.7.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements".
[5] ETSI EN 301 489-3 (V.1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 3: Specific conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between
9 kHz and 40 GHz".
[6] TCAM (21)36: "Passive RFID tags at the stage of placing on the market and the R&TTE
Directive".
[7] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[8] IEC 60489-3 Appendix J Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment
used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions" pages 156 to 164.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adaptive frequency agility: technique that allows an interrogator to change its frequency of operation automatically
from one channel to another
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the emission by a device is authorized
battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal
circuitry
batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an
interrogator
battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable
part of the equipment
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dense interrogator mode: RFID operating mode in which multiple interrogators can transmit simultaneously in the
same channel while tags respond in the adjacent channels
effective radiated power: product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the
direction of maximum gain
external antenna: antenna that may be connected to an interrogator via its external connector
full tests: all tests specified in the present document
global scroll: mode in which an interrogator is able to read the same tag continuously for test purposes only
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information
in a tag
limited tests: limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of the present document) are as follows:
• transmitter frequency error and frequency stability under low voltage conditions for mains operated
equipment, see clause 8.1 of the present document;
• transmitter frequency stability under low voltage conditions, see clause 8.2 of the present document;
• transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of the present document.
Listen Before Talk (LBT): action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting (also
known as "listen before transmit")
provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected channel and transmits
automatically on another channel
NOTE: See clause B.1.3.
tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal
talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
d distance
f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator
fe the maximum frequency drift as measured in clause 8.1.2 b)
Ω Ohms
λ wavelength
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ERC European Radio communication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FT Full Tests
LBT Listen Before Talk
LT Limited Tests
OATS Open Area Test Site
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Interrogators shall transmit on any of the high power channels specified in clause 4.2.2.1 at power levels up to the limit
specified in clause 8.3.3.
An interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit
defined in clause 8.6.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same channel for
the period defined in clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may switch immediately to any one of the other high
power channels send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no
limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated.
In a preferred method of operation tags, that are activated by an interrogator transmitting in a high power channel,
respond in the adjacent low power channels. This technique is called the dense interrogator mode. It has the benefit of
separating the frequencies of transmission of the interrogators and tags, allowing multiple interrogators to share the
same channel thereby improving system performance. It also minimises the generation of inter-modulation products,
which may disrupt the behaviour of tags.
The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to
perform the intended operation. Interrogators shall support trigger techniques that indicate the presence or arrival of
objects that may be tagged. Irrespective of the application, an interrogator shall stop transmitting after it has ceased to
read any further tags, as specified in clause 8.6.3.
Interrogators may also operate in a presence sensing mode in which they periodically transmit to determine whether
tags have entered their interrogation zones. When operating in this mode, interrogators shall restrict the length of each
transmission to less than 1 second and the period between successive transmissions shall be no less than 100 ms. Once
an interrogator has determined the presence of tags, it will commence its reading routine.
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12 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is
intended to operate.
Providers shall select frequencies of operation in accordance with the channel plan defined in clause 4.2.2.1 and in
accordance with
...