ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)

TECHNICAL REPORT
PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); ®
Powerline HDMI analysis for very short range link
HD and UHD applications
2 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)

Reference
DTR/PLT-00044
Keywords
powerline, video
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3 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8 ®
4 PLT HDMI bit rate targets . 9
4.1 Introduction . 9
4.2 Targets for HD support . 10
4.3 Targets for UHD support . 12
4.4 500 test links and bit rate . 12
5 Use cases . 14
5.1 Introduction . 14
5.2 Use case 1: Blu-ray™ digital television . 14
5.3 Use case 2: set-top box-digital television . 15
5.4 Use case 3: high resolution audio equipment links . 16
5.5 Use case 4: video source-video projector . 17
5.6 Use case 5: video surveillance in Smart Cities . 17
5.7 Use case 6: home theater system . 18
6 Analysed schemes . 19
6.1 Introduction . 19
6.2 Tandem schemes . 19
6.2.1 General . 19
6.2.2 JPEG 2000+PLT on 2 MHz to 100 MHz . 19
6.2.3 Dirac+PLT on 2 MHz to 100 MHz . 20
6.3 Joint schemes . 22
6.3.1 General . 22
6.3.2 SoftCast PLT on 2 MHz to 100 MHz . 22
6.4 Short summary of clause 6 . 23
7 Results for HD videos . 23
7.1 Introduction . 23
7.2 Considered test sequences . 23
7.2.1 General . 23
7.2.2 Used quality metrics . 24
7.2.3 Results with homogeneous PLT per carrier SNRs . 24
7.2.4 Results with more realistic PLT per carrier SNRs . 26
7.2.5 Short summary of clause 7 and related results in annex A . 28
8 Results for UHD videos . 28
8.1 Introduction . 28
8.2 Considered test sequences . 28
8.2.1 General . 28
8.2.2 Results with homogeneous PLT per carrier SNRs . 29
8.2.3 Results with more realistic PLT per carrier SNRs . 31
8.2.4 Short summary of clause 8 and related results in annex A . 36
9 Tandem schemes optimization . 36
9.1 Introduction . 36
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4 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
9.2 Source encoder parameter optimization . 36
9.3 Source encoder resiliency to errors at the PLT level . 39
9.4 Short summary for clause 9 . 42
10 Rate controller . 42
10.1 Introduction . 42
10.2 Model of the variation of the channel characteristics . 43
10.2.1 General . 43
10.2.2 Permanent decrease of the PLT capacity . 43
10.2.3 Temporary decrease of the PLT capacity due to impulsive noise . 43
10.3 Mitigating the effect of PLT capacity variations . 44
10.3.1 General . 44
10.3.2 Encoding rate adaptation . 44
10.3.3 Layer filtering . 45
10.3.4 Determining the buffers size . 46
10.4 Illustration . 48
10.4.1 General . 48
10.4.2 Rate adaptation mechanism . 48
10.4.3 Illustration of the layer filtering approach . 50
10.5 Short summary of clause 10 . 53
11 Conclusions . 53
Annex A: Additional results on HD and UHD video sequences . 54
A.1 General . 54
A.2 Additional results on HD sequences . 54
A.3 Additional results on UHD sequences . 60
Annex B: State of the art . 63
Annex C: Bibliography . 67
History . 68

ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
This Technical Report investigates how to transmit over the powerline medium HD and UHD contents that typically are ®
exchanged through the HDMI cable between transmitter video sources like Blu-ray™ players or set-top boxes and
receiver video sinks like video displays. The report also presents earlier findings. The scope of the Technical Report is
providing the technical elements needed to establish a PHDMI specification. The report is structured as follows: in
clause 4, the requirements in terms of target bit rate to be fulfilled by a PHDMI technology are presented for different
HD and UHD formats together with a set of PLT links used for testing purposes. It has to be underlined that the initial
target for phase 1 was only HD. It was however estimated that the market is rapidly moving towards UHD and it was
hence decided to enlarge the scope to also cover UHD. In clause 5, some target use cases are described: these scenarios
highlight the potential fields of application of a PHDMI technology. Clause 6 presents the schemes that have been
scrutinized as potential PHDMI technologies. Two of them are tandem schemes, i.e. systems that separate the channel
encoding part from the source encoding part, they are based upon the serial concatenation of a compression encoder
(based upon JPEG 2000 or Dirac) specifications and a OFDM power line modem operating in the 2 MHz to 100 MHz
band that is able to provide SISO-based or MIMO-based communication. Besides tandem scheme, a joint scheme
relying on the SoftCast paradigm has been also considered: it accommodates joint source and channel encoding. These
communication schemes have been tested on HD and UHD videos both on flat channel with AWGN and on realistic
PLT links (both SISO, MIMO 2×2 and MIMO 2×3): results are reported in terms of video quality metrics in clause 7
and clause 8. In particular, it is worth noticing that a realistic long video sequence was furnished by France Télévision
for this analysis. Clause 9 shows how to optimize the source encoder parameters for the tandem schemes: an interesting
point that it is also evaluated in this clause is the resiliency to errors at the PLT level, i.e. the investigation to see if it is
possible to tolerate some errors at the PLT level without requiring retransmission of wrong packets. Clause 10 presents
a scheme of a rate controller: it is the PHDMI component that manages the compression encoder rate as a function of
eventual changes of the PLT rate during the video transmission. Transmit and receive buffer requirements are also put
in evidence. Conclusion and final recommendations are reported in clause 11 of the present document.
NOTE: Blu-ray™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
1 Scope ®
The present document addresses Short Range Powerline modems for Very High Bit Rate links for both HDMI 1.x and ®
HDMI 2.0 interfaces.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] "High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 1.4b", October 2011. ®
[i.2] Consumer Electronic Association : "A DTV profile for uncompressed high speed digital
interfaces", CEA-861-D, July 2006.
[i.3] ETSI TR 101 562-3: "PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; Part 3: setup and
statistical results of MIMO PLT channel and noise measurements".
[i.4] L. Yonge, J. Abad, K. Afkhamie, et al.: "An overview of the HomePlug AV2 technology", Journal
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, volume 2013, Article ID 892628, 20 pages, 2013.
Doi:10.1155/2013/892628.
[i.5] H. Chaouche, F. Gauthier, A. Zeddam, M. Tlich and M. Machmoum: "Time domain modeling of
powerline impulsive noise at its source", Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications,
3(9):9, 2011.
[i.6] J.A. Corteés, L. Diéz, F.J. Cañete, and J.J. Sanchez-Martinez: "Analysis of the indoor broadband
power-line noise scenario", IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 52(4):849-858,
November 2010.
[i.7] V. Degardin, M. Lienard, A. Zeddam, F. Gauthier and P. Degauque: "Classification and
characterization of impulsive noise on indoor powerline used for data communications", IEEE
Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 48(4):913-918, November 2002.
[i.8] D. Umehara, S. Hirata, S. Denno and Y. Morihiro: "Modeling of impulse noise for indoor
broadband power line communications", in Proc. International Symposium on Information Theory
and its Applications, ISITA2006, 2006.
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7 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
[i.9] D. Veronesi, R. Riva, P. Bisaglia, F. Osnato, K. Afkhamie, A. Nayagam, D. Rende and L. Yonge:
"Characterization of in-home MIMO power line channels", IEEE International Symposium on
Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC), pp.42-47, April 2011.
[i.10] A. Tomasoni, R.Riva and S.Bellini: "Spatial correlation analysis and model for in-home MIMO
power line channels", IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its
Applications (ISPLC), pp.286-291, 2012.
[i.11] D. Rende, A. Nayagam, K. Afkhamie, L. Yonge, R. Riva, D. Veronesi, F. Osnato and P. Bisaglia:
"Noise correlation and its effect on capacity of inhome MIMO power line channels", IEEE
International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC), pp.60-65,
2011.
[i.12] M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, P. Mathieu and I. Daubechies: "Image coding using wavelet transform",
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, volume 1, pp.205-220, April 1992.
[i.13] J. Shapiro: "Embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients", IEEE Transactions
on Signal Processing, volume 41, pp. 3445-3462, December 1993.
[i.14] A. Said and W. Pearlman: "A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in
hierarchical trees", IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems for Video Technology, volume 6,
pp.243-250, June 1996.
[i.15] N. Adami, A. Signoroni and R. Leonardi: "State-of-the-art and trends in scalable video
compression with wavelet-based approaches", IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems for
Video Technology, volume 17, number 9, pp.1238-1255, 2007.
[i.16] I. Daubechies and W. Sweldens, "Factoring wavelet transforms into lifting steps" Journal of
Fourier Analysis and Applications, vol.4, no.3, pp.247-269, 1998.
[i.17] D. Taubman and A. Zakhor: "Multirate 3-d subband coding of video", IEEE Transactions on
Image Processing, volume 3, pp.572-588, September 1994.
[i.18] J.-R. Ohm: "Three-dimensional subband coding with motion compensation", IEEE Transactions
on Image Processing, volume 3, pp.559-571, September 1994.
[i.19] S.-J. Choi and J. Woods: "Motion-compensated 3-D subband coding of video", IEEE Transactions
on Image Processing, volume 8, pp.155-167, February 1999.
[i.20] B. Pesquet-Popescu and V. Bottreau: "Three-dimensional lifting schemes for motion compensated
video compression", IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing
(ICASSP), volume 3, pp.1793-1796, 2001.
[i.21] S.-T. Hsiang and J. Woods: "Embedded image coding using zeroblocks of subband/wavelet
coefficients and context modeling", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
volume 3, pp.662-665, 2000.
[i.22] D. Taubman: "High performance scalable image compression with EBCOT", IEEE Transactions
on Image Processing, volume 9, pp.1158-1170, 2000.
[i.23] M. Kieffer and P. Duhamel: "Joint source-channel coding and decoding", 2014.
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8 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
b bit
dB decibel
G Giga
Hz Hertz
M Mega
s second
2D Bi-dimensional
3D Three-dimensional
64K 65536
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AVC Advanced Video Coding
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BCJR Bahl Cocke Jelinek and Raviv
BER Bit Error Rate
CE Consumer Electronics ®
CEA Consumer Electronics Association
CR Compression Ratio
DC Direct Current
DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform
EBCOT Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation
EMI Electro Magnetic Interference
EZBC Embedded Zero-Block Coding
EZW Embedded Zero-Tree Wavelet coding
FEC Forward Error Correction
GoP Group of Pictures
HD High Definition ®
HDMI HD Multimedia Interface
HDTV High Definition TeleVision
HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
ICT Irreversible Component Transformation
ITU International Telecommunication Union
L1 Level 1
L2 Level 2
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LLSE Linear Least Square Error
LS Lifting Schemes
MAC Medium Access Control
MC Motion Compensation
MCTF Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MSE Mean Square Error
MV Motion Vector
NAL Network Abstraction Layer
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
PE Protective Earth
PHDMI Powerline HDMI
PHY PHYsical
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9 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
PLT PowerLine Telecommunications
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSNR Peak SNR
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QF Quality Factor
QoS Quality of Service
RCT Reversible Component Transformation
RDO Rate Distortion Optimization
SD Standard Definition
SISO Single Input Single Output
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SPHIT Set Partitioning in HIerarchical Trees
SSIM Structural SIMilarity
SVC Scalable Video Coding
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
UHD Ultra HD
UHDTV Ultra High Definition TeleVision
VLC Variable Length Code
VS Video Source
WSVC Wavelet-based Scalable Video Coding
WT Wavelet Transform ®
4 PLT HDMI bit rate targets
4.1 Introduction
The recent increase in HD video contents has brought the need to develop communication standards capable of multi- ®
gigabit per second throughput, like HDMI and Display Port. Consumer electronics (CE) users also want the flexibility
provided by wireless connections to set up and reconfigure multimedia systems, and to eliminate wired connections
required by HD multimedia systems, like home theatres.
Driven by these needs, the CE industry is developing formats capable of delivering uncompressed video, at the
necessary data rates, via wireless and wireline connections.
Simultaneously, PLT devices have become widespread and, in the latest specifications, are capable of data rates at the
physical (PHY) layer up to 1 Gbit/s for single input single output (SISO) implementations and up to 2 Gbit/s for
multiple input multiple output (MIMO) implementations.
These data rates are obtained for optimum channel conditions : taking into account PHY and medium access (MAC)
layer PLT overheads, it is clear that they are insufficient for streaming uncompressed HD video or for transferring HD
contents, like a HD film, as fast as would be desirable.
Uncompressed HD video transmission requires very high bit rates, up to 2 to 4 Gbit/s for Full HD video.
Uncompressed HD video transmission avoids compression at the transmitter and decompression at the receiver,
therefore providing:
a) lower latency which permits timing sensitive applications like multimedia applications and gaming;
b) higher interoperability between devices because, unlike compressed video transmission, the receiver device
just displays the video content and does not need to be able to decode the video codec;
c) no degradation in picture quality due to compression losses in the transmission.
The technologies specifically designed for video transmission organize the source devices (transmitters) and the sink
devices (receivers) into a short range powerline video network, that allows for example:
• Point to point uncompressed video transmission ;
• Point to multi point uncompressed video transmission.
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10 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
The video network has three type of devices: video sink (HD display), video sources (set top box, Blu-ray™ player) and
devices that can perform both tasks (desktop).
The characterization of digital video and audio signals is important to assess the network data rate requirements. A
digital video signal data rate is defined by: resolution, i.e. the total number of pixels of each image, normally referred as
number of horizontal pixels by vertical pixels on the screen; colour depth, i.e. the number of bits used to represent each
of the three colours of a pixel; refresh rate, i.e. number of times per second the image is completely reconstructed on the
screen; progressive or interlaced formats, i.e. the way lines of an image are displayed in the refreshing cycles,
progressive formats display all the lines on all the refresh cycles, while interlaced ones display even and the odd lines in
alternated refresh cycles.
Currently available HD video formats are referred as "720p", "1080i", and "1080p". These terms indicate the number of
lines and the display method used. Images used in HD video formats have a 16:9 aspect ratio, resulting in wider images
than the conventional 4:3 aspect ratio used in Standard Definition (SD) video. The number of pixels, np, in each HD
image can be calculated by:
np = (16/9) × nl (1)
where nl is the number of lines, indicated by the video format designation. From this equation, it is possible to calculate
that 720p images are formed by 1280 × 720 pixels; 1080i and 1080p images are formed by 1920 × 1080 pixels.
The bit rate required to transmit "Full HD" video, vbr, with progressive display can be calculated from:
vbr = np × ncchannels × cdepth × rfreq (2)
where np is the number of pixels, ncchannels is the number of colour channels, cdepth is the number of bits used to
represent each colour and rfreq is the display refresh frequency. Video signals also contain audio information and
digital audio data is defined by: number of audio channels (nac), sampling rate(srate) and number of bits used to
quantify each audio sample (sdepth). The audio bit rate, abr, can be calculated from these three quantities :
abr = nac × srate × sdepth (3)
Using these relations, it is possible to calculate the required bit rate to transmit an uncompressed video and audio signal.
The net bit rate for Full HD video and audio is shown.
vbrFullHD = 1920 ×1080 × 3 × 8 × 60 = 2,99 Gbit/s (4)
abrFullHD = 8 × 192 k × 24 = 36,8 Mbit/s (5)
NOTE: Blu-ray™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
4.2 Targets for HD support
In table 1 essential Powerline High-Definition Multimedia Interface (PHDMI) video formats for HD video delivery are ®
reported (information video bit rates 1,1 Gbit/s to 3 Gbit/s). They have been chosen after investigating both the HDMI
specification [i.1] and available datasheets of HD sources like Blu-ray™ players or set top boxes. In table 2 other
formats that are typically also supported by the aforementioned applications or similar are reported (information video
bit rates 0,4 Gbit/s to 0,5 Gbit/s). Clearly, there are also many other video formats that an HD capable PHDMI
technology could support, the scope of table 1 and table 2 only being indicating the most important ones.
NOTE: Blu-ray™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
Table 1: Essential video formats for HD support
Video format @60 Hz
720p 1080i 1080p
Video format @50Hz
720p 1080i
Video format @24 Hz  1080p
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11 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
Table 2: Important video formats for HD support
Video format @60 Hz
720x480p 640x480p
Video format @50Hz
720x576p
Table 3 reports the target information video bit rate for the video formats reported in table 1 and table 2 considering ®
chrominance subsampling of 4 :4 :4 and 24 bits per pixel. Table 3 also reports, as a reference, the bit rate that HDMI
needs to transport video, audio and control information. The difference among the two bit rates is mainly due to two
features : ®
• HDMI introduces an 8/10 channel encoding module; and ®
• HDMI uses the video blanking zone to transport audio and control data. ®
For instance, in accordance with CEA-861-D standard [i.2], in the case of 1080p (1920×1080) at 60 fps, HDMI
transmits a 2200×1125 format using the extended 280 45 matrix for audio and control data. Considering that the audio
information bit rate that is needed amounts to about 37 Mbit/s, hence it is negligible compared to the video, it results
that the total informative content has a required bit rate which is quite similar to the information video bit rate reported
in table 3.
Table 3: Target bit rates for HD support ®
Video format Frame rate (fps) ≈ Information video bit rate (Gbps)
≈ HDMI bit rate (Gbps)
1080p 60 2,99 4,46
1080i 60 1,49 2,23
720p 60 1,33 2,23
1080i 50 1,24 2,16
1080p 24 1,19 2,23
720p 50 1,11 2,23
720×480p 60 0,50 0,81
720×576p 50 0,50 0,81
640×480p 60 0,44 0,76
Accordingly, a PHDMI technology has at least two possibilities:
1) The PHDMI video source module passes the audio, video and control informative content to the source power
line PHDMI module which includes its signal processing before transmitting it to the power line. At the
receiver, the power line PHDMI sink module processes the received information and furnishes it to the
PHDMI video sink module (information content approach).
® ®
2) The PHDMI video source module passes the HDMI content (including all the HDMI overhead) to the
power line PHDMI source module which includes its signal processing before transmitting it to the power line.
At the receiver, the power line PHDMI module processes the content and furnishes it to the PHDMI video sink ® ®
which applies HDMI signal processing to recover video and audio information (HDMI content approach);
Both approaches have advantages and drawbacks.
The information content approach has the following advantages :
1) It allows targeting lower bit rates on the powerline.
2) PHDMI source and sink have only PLT signal processing on the information content. The information content
approach has the following drawback:
- The control part at the sink PHDMI PLT module should be able to present to the PHDMI video sink
module the information content in a proper way in order to enable synchronizing the received audio and
video content with the sink characteristics. ®
The HDMI content approach has the following advantages : ®
1) Control information is already furnished by HDMI processing. The HDMI content approach has the
following drawbacks : 1) The bit rate to target on the powerline is higher (up to 100 % higher).
2) PHDMI source and sink have both HDMI and PLT processing.
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12 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
The analysis presented in clause 7 will follow the information content approach, also because the available testing video
sequences are in a video format that does not include blanking. Note however that it is evident from table 3 that a
PHDMI technology HD capable and able to sustain information video bit rates ≤ 3 Gbit/s will automatically be able to ®
sustain most (all but one) of the HDMI bit rates. Note also that if the PHDMI technology is UHD capable (see
clause 4.3), it can deal with both approaches for HD.
4.3 Targets for UHD support ®
th
On 12 of November 2014, CEA announced that it sets licensing agreement for UHD logos to be used by
manufacturers, a sign that the UHD era has started. For the scopes of the present document, the definition reported in
table 4 is used:
Table 4: UHD video format
UHD video format 3840×2160p
With UHD it is expected that a variety of combinations of parameter will be adopted in the future, which are more
difficult to predict than the more consolidated ones for HD. In table 5 target bit rates for some selected combination ®
parameters are presented for UHD. As in clause 4.2, both the information video bit rate and the HDMI bit rate needed ®
to transmit video, audio and control data are reported. The HDMI bit rate is computed taking into account HDMI ®
blanking transmission (4400×2250 extended matrix) and HDMI 8/10 channel encoding and it is about 50 % higher
than the information video bit rate for UHD. As in clause 4.2, a PHDMI technology UHD capable could follow the ®
information content approach or the HDMI content approach. The advantages and the drawbacks are the same as
highlighted in clause 4.2 and they will be not repeated here. Results presented in clause 8 will follow the information ®
content approach. This theoretically will allow also complying with the target of the HDMI content approach for
several combinations of the parameters.
Table 5: UHD target bit rate for different parameter combinations ®
Video Frame rate Chrominance Bits per ≈Information video bit rate
≈Bit rate HDMI
format (fps) subsampling pixel (Gbps)
(Gbps)
UHD 60 4:4:4 24 11,94 17,82
UHD 60 4:2:2 36 11,94 17,82
UHD 60 4:2:2 30 9,95 14,85
UHD 50 4:4:4 24 9,95 14,85
UHD 50 4:2:2 36 9,95 14,85
UHD 60 4:2:0 36 8,96 13,37
UHD 50 4:2:2 30 8,29 12,38
UHD 60 4:2:2 24 7,96 11,88
UHD 60 4:2:0 30 7,46 11,14
UHD 50 4:2:0 36 7,46 11,14
UHD 24 4:4:4 36 7,17 10,69
UHD 50 4:2:0 30 6,22 9,28
UHD 24 4:4:4 30 5,97 8,91
UHD 50 4:2:0 24 4,98 7,43
UHD 24 4:4:4 24 4,78 7,13
UHD 24 4:2:2 24 3,18 4,75
4.4 500 test links and bit rate
Earlier projects have made extensive characterization of in home MIMO PLT links [i.3]. MIMO has been adopted by
® ®
different standardization organization as a basis for new technologies (HomePlug AV2 [i.4] by HomePlug and G.hn
MIMO by ITU-T). As demonstrated in clause 4.3, the lowest target PHDMI throughput for UHD is greater than 3 Gbps:
current MIMO technologies furnish a maximum throughput lower than 2 Gbit/s. Moreover, it has to be noticed that this
maximum throughput is achieved at the PHY layer and in ideal SNR conditions.
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13 ETSI TR 103 343 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
According to the use cases (see clause 5), the present work has involved the creation of an internal SNR database on
500 links to be used for testing the different PHDMI techniques through this document. Each link relates to SISO,
MIMO 2×2 and MIMO 2×3 on the 2 MHz to 100 MHz band. It should be noted that eigenbeamforming has been used
® ®
for MIMO. Eigenbeamforming has been selected by the HomePlug consortium as a basis for the HomePlug AV2
technology. SNRs for an exemplary link are reported in figure 1.
Result that will be presented in clause 7 and clause 8 have been obtained with very long simulations: for instance the
UHD video "FTV" (see clause 8) is more than 8 minutes long and targets an information video bit rate of 5 Gbit/s. It
could take more than one week for a test on a single PLT link. Hence, the test links have been accurately chosen in
order to provide some variety of performance. One can perceive this variety by looking at figure 2 that shows the
throughput that can be obtained at the PLT application level in the case of a tandem scheme (see clause 6.2): it goes
from 50 Mbit/s (the worst SISO case) to about 400 Mbit/s (the best MIMO 2×3 case). Note that it is expected that links
associated to higher throughputs exist: a choice has been made in order to analyse power line conditions that can allow
being confident in the definition of the PHDMI technology.
For tandem schemes (see clause 6.3), one has to properly use the compression capability of the source encoder to pass
from the PLT rates shown in figure 1 (or higher) to the bit rate requirements shown in clauses 4.2 and 4.3. For the joint
schemes (see clause 6.3), the bit rate requirements of clauses 4.2 and 4.3 are jointly achieved by the compression and
channel encoding part. As it will be shown in clause 7 and clause 8, in the present context of video delivery, a
comparison between tandem schemes and joint schemes can be done by analysing the displayed video quality.

Figure 1: Example of a PLT link SNR extracted SNR database
(MIMO reported only on the first logical path)
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Figure 2: PLT rate in tandem schemes at the application level for the links of the present project
5 Use cases
5.1 Introduction
Clauses 5.2 to 5.7 describe some of the possible use cases that can be addressed with a PHDMI technology. As HD and
UHD applications are growing in number, it is obvious that the listed use cases are not exhaustive. However they will
be representative of the potential multimedia equipments and scenarios that could benefit from the introduction of a
PHDMI technology.
5.2 Use case 1: Blu-ray™ digital television
In this scenario, HD or UHD TV contents are transferred from a Blu-ray™ player to a video screen of a digital
television. With PHDMI, a true Plug&Play solution can be enabled.
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NOTE 1: Source: Blu-ray™ player. Sink: digital television.
NOTE 2: Blu-ray™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
Figure 3: PHDMI use case 1
5.3 Use case 2: set-top box-digital television
In this scenario, HDTV or UHDTV contents are transferred from a Set-Top box to a video screen of a digital television.
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NOTE: Source: set-top box. Sink: digital television.

Figure 4: PHDMI use case 2
5.4 Use case 3: high resolution audio equipment links
In this scenario, high quality audio is transferred from a Blu-ray™ device to an audio amplifier system.

NOTE 1: Source: Blu-ray™ player. Sink: audio system.
NOTE 2: Blu-ray™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
Figure 5: PHDMI use case 3
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5.5 Use case 4: video source-video projector
In this scenario, a video source transfers audio/video contents to a video projector.
...