ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)

ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Feasibility study on temporary spectrum access
for local high-quality wireless networks

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)



Reference
DTR/RRS-0148
Keywords
radio, system, use case
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2018.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members.
GSM® and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Local High-Quality Wireless Networks . 8
4.0 Introduction . 8
4.1 High Level Use Cases and Requirements . 8
4.1.1 Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) . 8
4.1.1.1 General . 8
4.1.1.2 Use Cases and Requirements . 9
4.1.1.2.0 General . 9
4.1.1.2.1 UC-1: Live Performance . 9
4.1.1.2.2 UC-2: Presentation . 10
4.1.1.2.3 UC-3: Tour Guide. 10
4.1.2 Wireless Industrial Automation (WIA). 11
4.1.2.0 Introduction . 11
4.1.2.1 Industrial Communication Requirements . 11
4.1.2.1.0 General . 11
4.1.2.1.1 Discrete Manufacturing . 11
4.1.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintenance . 11
4.1.2.1.3 Motion Control . 12
4.1.2.1.4 Process Automation . 12
4.1.2.1.5 Condition Monitoring . 12
4.1.2.1.6 Augmented Reality . 13
4.1.2.1.7 Logistics and Warehouses . 13
4.1.2.1.8 Functional Safety . 13
4.1.3 Public Protection Disaster Relief (PPDR) . 15
4.1.4 e-Health . 15
4.1.5 Characteristics . 15
4.2 Terminology . 16
5 Spectrum Access Strategies . 16
5.1 Spectrum Access Strategies . 16
5.1.0 Introduction. 16
5.1.1 Exclusive Use of Spectrum . 16
5.1.2 Light Licensing Use of Spectrum . 16
5.1.3 License Exempt Use of Spectrum Use of Spectrum . 17
5.1.4 Spectrum Sharing for Providing Local Area Services with QoS . 17
5.2 Existing Spectrum Sharing Schemes . 18
5.2.1 Licensed Shared Access (LSA) . 18
5.2.2 Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) with Spectrum Access System (SAS) . 19
6 Temporary Spectrum Access in the Context of Local High-Quality Wireless Networks . 20
6.0 General . 20
6.1 Functional Use Cases . 21
6.1.1 Local Service Areas Hosted by MNO Networks . 21
6.1.2 Private Network Areas with Local Subleasing . 22
6.1.3 Private Network Areas with Local Licensing . 23
6.1.4 Comparison of Functional Use Cases . 24
6.2 LSA enhancements to Support Spectrum Sharing for Providing Local Area Services Focusing on QoS. 24
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
6.2.0 General . 24
6.2.1 Exemplary LSA Architecture Extensions . 25
7 Conclusion . 27
Annex A: Change History . 29
History . 30


ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
1 Scope
The present document addresses different technical possibilities for local high-quality wireless networks (nomadic or
fixed) to access spectrum on a shared basis during a certain time period ranging from short-term (e.g. some days to
some weeks) to long-term (e.g. some months to some years).
Also the present document describes high-level use cases, review the feasibility of existing spectrum sharing
frameworks, and, if required, propose evolved, extended or new technical solutions for spectrum sharing and network
architectures addressing different network topologies and device types.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] PMSE-xG White Paper.
NOTE: Available at http://www.pmse-xG.research-project.de.
[i.2] ECC Report 205: "Licensed Shared Access (LSA)", February 2014, CEPT WG FM PT53.
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 235: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); System architecture and high level
procedures for operation of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in the 2 300 MHz - 2 400 MHz band".
[i.4] Funktechnologien für Industrie 4.0: "VDE Positionspapier, ITG AG Funktechnologie Industrie
4.0", June 2017.
[i.5] Functional Safety and IEC 61508. .
NOTE: Available at http://www.iec.ch/functionalsafety/.
[i.6] ECC Report 102: "Public Protection and Disaster Relief Spectrum Requirements", Helsinki,
January 2007.
[i.7] 5GPPP White Paper: "5G and e-Health", September 2015.
[i.8] WWRF White Paper: "A New Generation of e-Health Systems Powered by 5G", November 2016.
[i.9] ECC Report 132: "Light Licensing, Licence-Exempt and Commons", June 2009.
[i.10] 3GPP TR 32.855 (V1.0.0) (02-2016): "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification
Group Services and System Aspects; Telecommunication management; Study on OAM support
for Licensed Shared Access (LSA); (Release 14)".
[i.11] Ericsson, RED Technologies, and Qualcomm Inc. conduct the first Licensed Shared Access (LSA)
pilot in France.
NOTE: Available at http://www.redtechnologies.fr/.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
[i.12] D. Guiducci et al.: "Sharing under licensed shared access in a live LTE network in the 2.3-2.4 GHz
band end-to-end architecture and compliance results", 2017 IEEE International Symposium on
Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Piscataway, NJ, 2017, pp. 1-10.
[i.13] FCC 15-47: "Amendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operations in
the 3550- 3650 MHz Band", April 2015.
[i.14] FCC 16-55: "Order and Reconsideration and Second Report and Order, Amendment of the
Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operations in the 3550- 3650 MHz Band",
May 2016.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
temporary: spectrum allocations lasting, existing or effective for a period of time only; which can range from short-
term (e.g. days or weeks) to long-term (e.g. months to years)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AGV Automated Guided Vehicle
AR Augmented Reality
BEM Blocking Edge Mask
CBRS Citizen Broadcast Radio Service
CBSD CBRS Device
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
DP Domain Proxy
ECC Electronic Communication Committee
ESC Environmental Sensing Capability
FCC Federal Communications Commission
GAA General Authorization Access
HEN Harmonized European Norm
IA Incumbent Access
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEM In-Ear-Monitor
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LC LSA Controller
LR LSA Repository
LSA Licensed Shared Access
LSR LSA Spectrum Resource
LSRAI LSA Spectrum Resource Availability Information
MFCN Mobile/Fixed Communication Networks
mMTC massive Machine Type Communication
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
NRA National Regulatory Authority
OAM Operation, Administration, and Maintenance
PA Public Address
PAL Priority Access License
PER Packet Error Rate
PMSE Programme Making and Special Events
PPA PAL Protection Area
PPDR Public Protection Disaster Relief
QoS Quality of Service
RAT Radio Access Technology
RF Radio Frequency
SAS Spectrum Access System
SLA Service Level Agreement
SRC Spectrum Resource Controller
SRR Spectrum Resource Repository
UC Use Case
UCC Use Case Class
WIA Wireless Industrial Automation
4 Local High-Quality Wireless Networks
4.0 Introduction
The next generation of broadband mobile communication networks aims to integrate applications of vertical sectors in
its holistic ecosystem of enabling technologies, spectrum management frameworks and networking paradigms. To make
this happen, key requirements of vertical sectors should be communicated, properly discussed, and finally reflected
within the relevant design and standardization processes.
Clause 4 of the present document analyses the communication requirements of selected vertical sectors, e.g. Industrial
Automation, Utilities, Culture and Creative Industry, PPDR, e-Health, etc. The analysis will identify a set of use cases
typically demanding predictable Quality of Service (QoS) levels at all operation times, within short-term to long-term
deployments in local environments. As well, the set of identified use cases favour private network infrastructure and
own management functionality for implementing specific security standards or simply due to privacy reasons.
Based on this analysis, the concept of local high-quality wireless networks is proposed as a collective term to enclose
that kind of use cases.
4.1 High Level Use Cases and Requirements
4.1.1 Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE)
4.1.1.1 General
Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) is a term denoting wireless applications used to support broadcasting,
news gathering, audio and video production for film, theatre and music, as well as special events such as sport events,
culture events, conferences, and trade fairs.
The PMSE industry delivers key enabling equipment for the culture and creative industries, both having a significant
socio-economic impact in the EU.
Typical PMSE equipment includes for example wireless microphones, in-ear monitors, video cameras, conference
systems, light and remote controls.
Wireless audio PMSE equipment (e.g. wireless microphone, in-ear monitors, conference systems) employ digital or
analogue wireless technologies, which are specific, typically link-based developments of the PMSE manufactures to
support reliable, very low latency audio streaming transmissions required by the targeted professional audio
applications.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
4.1.1.2 Use Cases and Requirements
4.1.1.2.0 General
This clause introduces three representative high-level use cases (UCs) of the PMSE industry and their requirements:
• Use case 1 (UC-1): Live Performance
• Use case 2 (UC-2): Presentation
• Use case 3 (UC-3): Tour Guide
For each UC, a short description is provided, as well, its major requirements as defined and used in the German
research Project PMSE-xG [i.1] are discussed.
These three UCs highlight two key aspects of wireless audio productions: low latency and high reliability. As such, they
can be grouped into a use case class (UCC) addressing low latency and high reliability audio streaming applications. As
a general requirement for this UCC, all wireless mobile devices need to be synchronized inside one local high-quality
wireless network.
4.1.1.2.1 UC-1: Live Performance
The use case 'Live Performance' involves several wireless microphones (handheld or body-worn) used to capture the
singers voice or the sound of instruments, several stereo in-ear monitors (IEM), at least one mixing console and a PA
system.
A typical scenario is for instance a concert, where an artist on stage is using a wireless microphone while he is hearing
himself via the wireless IEM system. The audio signal coming from the wireless microphone is streamed to one or more
mixing consoles, where different incoming audio streams (e.g. from different music instruments, choir) are being
mixed. After mixing, several audio streams can be generated, e.g. PA mix, individual IEM mixes for the artists or
recording mixes. From those, IEM mixes are wirelessly transmitted to the artist and musicians while most of the other
mixed signals are streamed via wired connections.
Depending on the type of event, the number of active wireless audio links or the data rates of the respective wireless
audio streams may vary. However, the requirements regarding latency and reliability remain principally the same for all
kind of live events/productions. Reliability is an essential feature because during live productions one cannot afford
repeating audio transmissions until it is error-free. Low latency is an essential feature because in this use case source
and sink of the audio transmission can be co-located, think of an artist equipped with wireless microphone and IEM.
Because the artist receipts audio of the environment also via its cranial bone, very low end-to-end delay (i.e. from the
wireless microphone to the mixing desk back to the IEM) is tolerated.
Table 1 summarizes the KPIs of the use case Live Performance.
Table 1: KPI Requirements for the UC-1: Live Performance, as described in [i.1]
KPI Requirement
End-to-end < 4 ms
delay
User data rate The user data rate per audio link can vary depending on the application but will stay constant during
operation:
150 kbit/s - 4,61 Mbit/s
Control data ≤ 50 kb/s
rate Data rate per control link
-4
PER The PER of the system is required to be below 10 for a packet size of 1 ms. Depending on the error
concealment the following exemplary error distribution may be tolerable:
• maximum continuous error duration = 30 ms
• consecutive minimum continuous error-free duration = 100 ms
Number of 50 - 300 simultaneous
audio links
2
Event area ≤ 10 000 m , indoor and outdoor
Mobile user ≤ 14 m/s
speed

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
4.1.1.2.2 UC-2: Presentation
In the use case Presentation, a presenter on stage is using a wireless microphone for example to present a slide set to the
audience. The wireless microphone is used for streaming the presenter's voice to the loudspeakers installed in a
conference room. When using more than one wireless microphone a mixing console is added, which mixes the
incoming audio streams to one or more output audio streams. One of these outgoing audio streams may be distributed to
the loudspeaker inside the conference room, another via Ethernet to several clients of the audio distribution network. In
this use case, no IEM is required, which relaxes the requirement on end-to-end latency.
Low latency and high reliability of the wireless link are essential for the use case, so that the assisting playback via the
loudspeakers is not irritating the audience or the moderator by distortions or not matching auditive-visual impression.
Table 2 summarizes the KPIs of the use case Presentation.
Table 2: KPI Requirements for the UC-2: Presentation, as described in [i.1]
KPI Requirement
End-to-end delay < 10 ms
User data rate 150 kbit/s - 1,15 Mbit/s
Control data rate ≤ 50 kb/s
Data rate per control link
-4
PER The PER of the system is required to be below 10 for a packet size of 1 ms
Number of audio links 5 - 10 simultaneous
2
Event area ≤ 10 000 m , indoor and outdoor
Mobile user speed ≤ 5 m/s
Security Encryption of the user data

4.1.1.2.3 UC-3: Tour Guide
In the use case Tour guide, a guide is guiding a group of visitors being in close proximity. One can think for instance of
a conducted tour in a factory site, museum, sports venue or a guided city tour. The guide speaks to a wireless
microphone and the audio is distributed to the receiving head-sets of the visitors, so the distribution of the spoken
information from the guide to the audience while walking from spot to spot is in focus. Nevertheless, one can imagine
interactions between guide and audience in the form of questions and answers turning the tour guide system in a mobile
conferencing solution.
Low latency and high reliability of the wireless link are essential for the use case, so that the assisting playback via the
headphones is not irritating the audience or the guide by distortions or not matching auditive-visual impression. Here, at
least one multicast audio link (from the guide to the visitors) should be supported, and up to ten unicast audio links
(from the visitors to the guide) are necessary.
Table 3 summarizes the KPIs of the use case Tour guide.
Table 3: KPI Requirements for the UC-3: Tour-Guide, as described in [i.1]
KPI Requirement
End-to-end delay < 10 ms
User data rate 150 kbit/s - 350 kbit/s
Control data rate ≤ 50 kb/s
Data rate per control link
-4
PER The PER of the system is required to be below 10 for a packet size of
1 ms
Number of audio links 5 - 10 uni cast, 1 - 2 multicast but 50 - 100 devices
2
Event area ≤ 10 000 m , indoor and outdoor
Mobile user speed ≤ 5 m/s
Security Encryption of the user data

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
11 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
4.1.2 Wireless Industrial Automation (WIA)
4.1.2.0 Introduction
Industrial communication has fundamentally different requirements to conventional commercial communication.
Essentially, industrial communication is used to control and monitor real-world actions and conditions concerning
specific physical equipment, while the primary function of commercial communication is data transfer and processing.
Industrial communication has a broad range of use cases and deployment scenarios with a unique set of requirements on
the communication latency, reliability, availability, and throughput. The isolated application and heterogeneity of
wireless communication systems in existing industrial deployments can be mainly attributed to the following three
reasons:
i) challenging propagation and channel conditions with strong fading and multipath effects;
ii) no determinism for channel access; and
iii) extreme requirements in terms of very low latency and high degree of reliability.
4.1.2.1 Industrial Communication Requirements
4.1.2.1.0 General
Many of the industrial application use cases have extremely high requirements on the communication system. Figure 1
shows a comparison between mobile broadband and industrial communication. As illustrated, industrial communication
has particularly high requirements in terms of high reliability and low latency. Please note that requirements on high
reliability and low latency in industrial applications typically come hand in hand, i.e. extreme values for both metrics
are needed at the same time. Other distinguishing factors include device density, relatively small packets with very short
inter arrival times, and high data rates that further increase the requirements in industrial communication. Moreover,
dependent on the use case there is a need to support very high communication distances such as in process aut
...