ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Feasibility study on temporary spectrum access
for local high-quality wireless networks

2 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)

Reference
DTR/RRS-0148
Keywords
radio, system, use case
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3 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Local High-Quality Wireless Networks . 8
4.0 Introduction . 8
4.1 High Level Use Cases and Requirements . 8
4.1.1 Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) . 8
4.1.1.1 General . 8
4.1.1.2 Use Cases and Requirements . 9
4.1.1.2.0 General . 9
4.1.1.2.1 UC-1: Live Performance . 9
4.1.1.2.2 UC-2: Presentation . 10
4.1.1.2.3 UC-3: Tour Guide. 10
4.1.2 Wireless Industrial Automation (WIA). 11
4.1.2.0 Introduction . 11
4.1.2.1 Industrial Communication Requirements . 11
4.1.2.1.0 General . 11
4.1.2.1.1 Discrete Manufacturing . 11
4.1.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintenance . 11
4.1.2.1.3 Motion Control . 12
4.1.2.1.4 Process Automation . 12
4.1.2.1.5 Condition Monitoring . 12
4.1.2.1.6 Augmented Reality . 13
4.1.2.1.7 Logistics and Warehouses . 13
4.1.2.1.8 Functional Safety . 13
4.1.3 Public Protection Disaster Relief (PPDR) . 15
4.1.4 e-Health . 15
4.1.5 Characteristics . 15
4.2 Terminology . 16
5 Spectrum Access Strategies . 16
5.1 Spectrum Access Strategies . 16
5.1.0 Introduction. 16
5.1.1 Exclusive Use of Spectrum . 16
5.1.2 Light Licensing Use of Spectrum . 16
5.1.3 License Exempt Use of Spectrum Use of Spectrum . 17
5.1.4 Spectrum Sharing for Providing Local Area Services with QoS . 17
5.2 Existing Spectrum Sharing Schemes . 18
5.2.1 Licensed Shared Access (LSA) . 18
5.2.2 Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) with Spectrum Access System (SAS) . 19
6 Temporary Spectrum Access in the Context of Local High-Quality Wireless Networks . 20
6.0 General . 20
6.1 Functional Use Cases . 21
6.1.1 Local Service Areas Hosted by MNO Networks . 21
6.1.2 Private Network Areas with Local Subleasing . 22
6.1.3 Private Network Areas with Local Licensing . 23
6.1.4 Comparison of Functional Use Cases . 24
6.2 LSA enhancements to Support Spectrum Sharing for Providing Local Area Services Focusing on QoS. 24
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4 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
6.2.0 General . 24
6.2.1 Exemplary LSA Architecture Extensions . 25
7 Conclusion . 27
Annex A: Change History . 29
History . 30

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5 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

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6 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
1 Scope
The present document addresses different technical possibilities for local high-quality wireless networks (nomadic or
fixed) to access spectrum on a shared basis during a certain time period ranging from short-term (e.g. some days to
some weeks) to long-term (e.g. some months to some years).
Also the present document describes high-level use cases, review the feasibility of existing spectrum sharing
frameworks, and, if required, propose evolved, extended or new technical solutions for spectrum sharing and network
architectures addressing different network topologies and device types.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] PMSE-xG White Paper.
NOTE: Available at http://www.pmse-xG.research-project.de.
[i.2] ECC Report 205: "Licensed Shared Access (LSA)", February 2014, CEPT WG FM PT53.
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 235: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); System architecture and high level
procedures for operation of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in the 2 300 MHz - 2 400 MHz band".
[i.4] Funktechnologien für Industrie 4.0: "VDE Positionspapier, ITG AG Funktechnologie Industrie
4.0", June 2017.
[i.5] Functional Safety and IEC 61508. .
NOTE: Available at http://www.iec.ch/functionalsafety/.
[i.6] ECC Report 102: "Public Protection and Disaster Relief Spectrum Requirements", Helsinki,
January 2007.
[i.7] 5GPPP White Paper: "5G and e-Health", September 2015.
[i.8] WWRF White Paper: "A New Generation of e-Health Systems Powered by 5G", November 2016.
[i.9] ECC Report 132: "Light Licensing, Licence-Exempt and Commons", June 2009.
[i.10] 3GPP TR 32.855 (V1.0.0) (02-2016): "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification
Group Services and System Aspects; Telecommunication management; Study on OAM support
for Licensed Shared Access (LSA); (Release 14)".
[i.11] Ericsson, RED Technologies, and Qualcomm Inc. conduct the first Licensed Shared Access (LSA)
pilot in France.
NOTE: Available at http://www.redtechnologies.fr/.
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[i.12] D. Guiducci et al.: "Sharing under licensed shared access in a live LTE network in the 2.3-2.4 GHz
band end-to-end architecture and compliance results", 2017 IEEE International Symposium on
Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Piscataway, NJ, 2017, pp. 1-10.
[i.13] FCC 15-47: "Amendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operations in
the 3550- 3650 MHz Band", April 2015.
[i.14] FCC 16-55: "Order and Reconsideration and Second Report and Order, Amendment of the
Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operations in the 3550- 3650 MHz Band",
May 2016.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
temporary: spectrum allocations lasting, existing or effective for a period of time only; which can range from short-
term (e.g. days or weeks) to long-term (e.g. months to years)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AGV Automated Guided Vehicle
AR Augmented Reality
BEM Blocking Edge Mask
CBRS Citizen Broadcast Radio Service
CBSD CBRS Device
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
DP Domain Proxy
ECC Electronic Communication Committee
ESC Environmental Sensing Capability
FCC Federal Communications Commission
GAA General Authorization Access
HEN Harmonized European Norm
IA Incumbent Access
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEM In-Ear-Monitor
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LC LSA Controller
LR LSA Repository
LSA Licensed Shared Access
LSR LSA Spectrum Resource
LSRAI LSA Spectrum Resource Availability Information
MFCN Mobile/Fixed Communication Networks
mMTC massive Machine Type Communication
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making
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NRA National Regulatory Authority
OAM Operation, Administration, and Maintenance
PA Public Address
PAL Priority Access License
PER Packet Error Rate
PMSE Programme Making and Special Events
PPA PAL Protection Area
PPDR Public Protection Disaster Relief
QoS Quality of Service
RAT Radio Access Technology
RF Radio Frequency
SAS Spectrum Access System
SLA Service Level Agreement
SRC Spectrum Resource Controller
SRR Spectrum Resource Repository
UC Use Case
UCC Use Case Class
WIA Wireless Industrial Automation
4 Local High-Quality Wireless Networks
4.0 Introduction
The next generation of broadband mobile communication networks aims to integrate applications of vertical sectors in
its holistic ecosystem of enabling technologies, spectrum management frameworks and networking paradigms. To make
this happen, key requirements of vertical sectors should be communicated, properly discussed, and finally reflected
within the relevant design and standardization processes.
Clause 4 of the present document analyses the communication requirements of selected vertical sectors, e.g. Industrial
Automation, Utilities, Culture and Creative Industry, PPDR, e-Health, etc. The analysis will identify a set of use cases
typically demanding predictable Quality of Service (QoS) levels at all operation times, within short-term to long-term
deployments in local environments. As well, the set of identified use cases favour private network infrastructure and
own management functionality for implementing specific security standards or simply due to privacy reasons.
Based on this analysis, the concept of local high-quality wireless networks is proposed as a collective term to enclose
that kind of use cases.
4.1 High Level Use Cases and Requirements
4.1.1 Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE)
4.1.1.1 General
Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) is a term denoting wireless applications used to support broadcasting,
news gathering, audio and video production for film, theatre and music, as well as special events such as sport events,
culture events, conferences, and trade fairs.
The PMSE industry delivers key enabling equipment for the culture and creative industries, both having a significant
socio-economic impact in the EU.
Typical PMSE equipment includes for example wireless microphones, in-ear monitors, video cameras, conference
systems, light and remote controls.
Wireless audio PMSE equipment (e.g. wireless microphone, in-ear monitors, conference systems) employ digital or
analogue wireless technologies, which are specific, typically link-based developments of the PMSE manufactures to
support reliable, very low latency audio streaming transmissions required by the targeted professional audio
applications.
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4.1.1.2 Use Cases and Requirements
4.1.1.2.0 General
This clause introduces three representative high-level use cases (UCs) of the PMSE industry and their requirements:
• Use case 1 (UC-1): Live Performance
• Use case 2 (UC-2): Presentation
• Use case 3 (UC-3): Tour Guide
For each UC, a short description is provided, as well, its major requirements as defined and used in the German
research Project PMSE-xG [i.1] are discussed.
These three UCs highlight two key aspects of wireless audio productions: low latency and high reliability. As such, they
can be grouped into a use case class (UCC) addressing low latency and high reliability audio streaming applications. As
a general requirement for this UCC, all wireless mobile devices need to be synchronized inside one local high-quality
wireless network.
4.1.1.2.1 UC-1: Live Performance
The use case 'Live Performance' involves several wireless microphones (handheld or body-worn) used to capture the
singers voice or the sound of instruments, several stereo in-ear monitors (IEM), at least one mixing console and a PA
system.
A typical scenario is for instance a concert, where an artist on stage is using a wireless microphone while he is hearing
himself via the wireless IEM system. The audio signal coming from the wireless microphone is streamed to one or more
mixing consoles, where different incoming audio streams (e.g. from different music instruments, choir) are being
mixed. After mixing, several audio streams can be generated, e.g. PA mix, individual IEM mixes for the artists or
recording mixes. From those, IEM mixes are wirelessly transmitted to the artist and musicians while most of the other
mixed signals are streamed via wired connections.
Depending on the type of event, the number of active wireless audio links or the data rates of the respective wireless
audio streams may vary. However, the requirements regarding latency and reliability remain principally the same for all
kind of live events/productions. Reliability is an essential feature because during live productions one cannot afford
repeating audio transmissions until it is error-free. Low latency is an essential feature because in this use case source
and sink of the audio transmission can be co-located, think of an artist equipped with wireless microphone and IEM.
Because the artist receipts audio of the environment also via its cranial bone, very low end-to-end delay (i.e. from the
wireless microphone to the mixing desk back to the IEM) is tolerated.
Table 1 summarizes the KPIs of the use case Live Performance.
Table 1: KPI Requirements for the UC-1: Live Performance, as described in [i.1]
KPI Requirement
End-to-end < 4 ms
delay
User data rate The user data rate per audio link can vary depending on the application but will stay constant during
operation:
150 kbit/s - 4,61 Mbit/s
Control data ≤ 50 kb/s
rate Data rate per control link
-4
PER The PER of the system is required to be below 10 for a packet size of 1 ms. Depending on the error
concealment the following exemplary error distribution may be tolerable:
• maximum continuous error duration = 30 ms
• consecutive minimum continuous error-free duration = 100 ms
Number of 50 - 300 simultaneous
audio links
Event area ≤ 10 000 m , indoor and outdoor
Mobile user ≤ 14 m/s
speed
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4.1.1.2.2 UC-2: Presentation
In the use case Presentation, a presenter on stage is using a wireless microphone for example to present a slide set to the
audience. The wireless microphone is used for streaming the presenter's voice to the loudspeakers installed in a
conference room. When using more than one wireless microphone a mixing console is added, which mixes the
incoming audio streams to one or more output audio streams. One of these outgoing audio streams may be distributed to
the loudspeaker inside the conference room, another via Ethernet to several clients of the audio distribution network. In
this use case, no IEM is required, which relaxes the requirement on end-to-end latency.
Low latency and high reliability of the wireless link are essential for the use case, so that the assisting playback via the
loudspeakers is not irritating the audience or the moderator by distortions or not matching auditive-visual impression.
Table 2 summarizes the KPIs of the use case Presentation.
Table 2: KPI Requirements for the UC-2: Presentation, as described in [i.1]
KPI Requirement
End-to-end delay < 10 ms
User data rate 150 kbit/s - 1,15 Mbit/s
Control data rate ≤ 50 kb/s
Data rate per control link
-4
PER The PER of the system is required to be below 10 for a packet size of 1 ms
Number of audio links 5 - 10 simultaneous
Event area ≤ 10 000 m , indoor and outdoor
Mobile user speed ≤ 5 m/s
Security Encryption of the user data

4.1.1.2.3 UC-3: Tour Guide
In the use case Tour guide, a guide is guiding a group of visitors being in close proximity. One can think for instance of
a conducted tour in a factory site, museum, sports venue or a guided city tour. The guide speaks to a wireless
microphone and the audio is distributed to the receiving head-sets of the visitors, so the distribution of the spoken
information from the guide to the audience while walking from spot to spot is in focus. Nevertheless, one can imagine
interactions between guide and audience in the form of questions and answers turning the tour guide system in a mobile
conferencing solution.
Low latency and high reliability of the wireless link are essential for the use case, so that the assisting playback via the
headphones is not irritating the audience or the guide by distortions or not matching auditive-visual impression. Here, at
least one multicast audio link (from the guide to the visitors) should be supported, and up to ten unicast audio links
(from the visitors to the guide) are necessary.
Table 3 summarizes the KPIs of the use case Tour guide.
Table 3: KPI Requirements for the UC-3: Tour-Guide, as described in [i.1]
KPI Requirement
End-to-end delay < 10 ms
User data rate 150 kbit/s - 350 kbit/s
Control data rate ≤ 50 kb/s
Data rate per control link
-4
PER The PER of the system is required to be below 10 for a packet size of
1 ms
Number of audio links 5 - 10 uni cast, 1 - 2 multicast but 50 - 100 devices
Event area ≤ 10 000 m , indoor and outdoor
Mobile user speed ≤ 5 m/s
Security Encryption of the user data

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4.1.2 Wireless Industrial Automation (WIA)
4.1.2.0 Introduction
Industrial communication has fundamentally different requirements to conventional commercial communication.
Essentially, industrial communication is used to control and monitor real-world actions and conditions concerning
specific physical equipment, while the primary function of commercial communication is data transfer and processing.
Industrial communication has a broad range of use cases and deployment scenarios with a unique set of requirements on
the communication latency, reliability, availability, and throughput. The isolated application and heterogeneity of
wireless communication systems in existing industrial deployments can be mainly attributed to the following three
reasons:
i) challenging propagation and channel conditions with strong fading and multipath effects;
ii) no determinism for channel access; and
iii) extreme requirements in terms of very low latency and high degree of reliability.
4.1.2.1 Industrial Communication Requirements
4.1.2.1.0 General
Many of the industrial application use cases have extremely high requirements on the communication system. Figure 1
shows a comparison between mobile broadband and industrial communication. As illustrated, industrial communication
has particularly high requirements in terms of high reliability and low latency. Please note that requirements on high
reliability and low latency in industrial applications typically come hand in hand, i.e. extreme values for both metrics
are needed at the same time. Other distinguishing factors include device density, relatively small packets with very short
inter arrival times, and high data rates that further increase the requirements in industrial communication. Moreover,
dependent on the use case there is a need to support very high communication distances such as in process automation
deployment scenarios. In use cases of logistics and warehouses, communication distances are typically small and a high
degree of flexibility is expected. An example includes the scenario to rapidly deploy and run different processes or to
support the mobility and connectivity of mobile devices such as augmented guided vehicles (AGVs), which are
interacting with different processes and warehouses.
Figure 1 shows a consolidated view for high-level industrial use cases. Not all requirements are to be supported at the
same time. In addition, for the different use cases the presented metrics vary significantly. In the following, different
industry high-level use cases and their related requirements are presented.
4.1.2.1.1 Discrete Manufacturing
In discrete manufacturing, a countable number of objects is produced. This involves assembling, testing or packaging
products in many discrete steps (e.g. in automotive, general consumer electronic, goods production, etc.). Discrete
manufacturing has the most stringent communication requirements on latency and reliability, and these can be in the
-9
range of (1 ms - 12 ms) for latency and 10 packet error rate (PER) for reliability [i.4]. Examples of discrete
manufacturing include printing machines, pressing machines and packaging/palletizing machines. In discrete
manufacturing, machine tools, robots, sensors and programmable logic controllers typically exchange small sized data
packets with very short intervals. Small data sizes generated periodically at very small instants of time from a high
density of devices eventually constitute significant overall data rate requirements in a production facility. Redundancy,
cyber security and functional safety are also very important for factory automation.
4.1.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintenance
The monitoring of sensor data and collection of maintenance information from machines typically do not have very
tight requirements on the communication latency and reliability. The reliability requirements for monitoring and
-4
maintenance application use cases is in the order of 10 packet error rate (PER), which means that only one out of
10 000 packet should be lost within the relatively relaxed time budget (typically more than 20 ms) [i.4].
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12 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)

NOTE: Source: VDE/ITG Positionspapier Funktechnologien für Industrie 4.0.

Figure 1: A consolidated view for high-level industrial use-cases [i.4]
4.1.2.1.3 Motion Control
Motion control involves controlling the speed, acceleration, angle or a combination of those in discrete manufacturing
processes. Examples of motion control involves actuators such as the controllers for electric motors in assembly lines or
-9
hydraulic cylinder controllers in presses. Motion control targets very high reliability (10 PER) and extremely low
latency (250 μs to 1 ms).
4.1.2.1.4 Process Automation
Process automation typically involves chemical processes engineering, where heating, mixing, separation or synthesis
of substances takes places. It is needed, for instance, in oil and gas production and purification, generation of electricity
or in foundries where alloys are produced. Process automation is typically associated with continuous operation, with
specific requirements for deterministic delivery of messages, reliability, redundancy, cyber security and functional
safety. In process automation, steps are sequential, continuous and irreversible compared to the discrete manufacturing.
Process applications need deterministic delivery of messages and therefore target low latencies in the range between
-5
50 ms and a few seconds and reliability in terms of 10 PER. Process automation applications may cover
communication ranges of up to a few kilometres.
4.1.2.1.5 Condition Monitoring
In general, in condition monitoring the machines and processes are continuously measured and certain states are
monitored. Concretely, physical parameters such as temperatures, humidity, vibration, acceleration and position are
continuously measured by sensors and analyzed by a controller. If the measured values exceed a certain threshold, a
concrete action is initiated by the controller. Condition monitoring has similar requirements as process automation, see
Table 4 for detailed values.
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4.1.2.1.6 Augmented Reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a computer-assisted extension of reality. In theory, it can be applied to all senses, but in
practice it is typically used as a visual stimulus where in addition to the reality pictures are projected (augmented) onto
head-mounted AR devices such as glasses. For example, AR can be used in the industrial context to train shop floor
workers locally or remotely, or even to perform maintenance work. In the first case, specific instructions can be
projected onto the glasses, which can assist the worker in controlling the machine. Instructions can be given either
locally or remotely. Regarding maintenance, error messages and specific instructions can be augmented to rapidly fix
the error. Since videos or images already need relatively large packet sizes and high data rates (in the megabit range),
they need also to be augmented and synchronized with the reality. This can be achieved with a latency of 10 ms and a
-5
reliability in the order of 10 PER.
4.1.2.1.7 Logistics and Warehouses
Logistics and warehouses can be differentiated between mobile vehicles such as automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and
static systems such as cranes and hoists. Examples for AGVs are mobile robots, small transportation vehicles, mobile
working platforms which transport heavy products or materials among production plants, storage halls, and warehouses.
Since the AGVs can move across the entire factory hall or even between different factory halls, mobility needs to be
supported in the order 10 meter per second. In addition, a latency between 15 ms and 20 ms paired with a reliability in
-6
the order of 10 PER needs to be ensured. The static case of cranes and hoists, are an essential part of production,
storage, and commissioning. Cable replacement is particularly interesting in this case, the rotational movements and the
resulting wear makes their application very problematic. The requirements of the crane case regarding latency and
reliability match the requirements of the AGVs case.
4.1.2.1.8 Functional Safety
In many of the above mentioned high-level use-cases, it is usually necessary to ensure a certain safety integrity level,
e.g. as defined by the international standardization body IEC 61508 [i.5]. Safety is not only needed to protect people
from injuries but also to protect machines, their environment, and production processes. For this purpose, sensors such
as laser scanners or protective skins are used to protect a certain area or a machine. The communication requirements
-9
for functional safety are marginally lower then discrete manufacturing, i.e. a latency of 10 ms with a reliability of 10
PER should be guaranteed. Table 4 gives an overview of different use-cases and their requirements for industrial
communication [i.4].
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Table 4: Overview of different use-cases and their requirements for industrial communication
Monitoring & Diagnostics Discrete Manufacturing Logistics and Warehouse
Key General Condition General Motion General AGV Cranes Process Augmented Functional
Performance Monitoring Control Automation Reality Safety
Indicator
Latency/Cycle > 20 ms 100 ms 1 ms - 12 ms 250 μs - 1 ms > 50 ms 15 ms - 20 ms 15 ms - 20 ms 50 ms - Xs 10 ms 10 ms
Time
-4 -5 -9 -9 -2 -6 -6 -5 -5 -9
Reliability 1 - 10 1 - 10 1 - 10 1 - 10 > 1 - 10 > 1 - 10 > 1 - 10 1 - 10 1 - 10 1 - 10
Data Rate kbit/s - kbit/s kbit/s - Mbit/s kbit/s - Mbit/s kbit/s - kbit/s - Mbit/s kbit/s - Mbit/s kbit/s Mbit/s - Gbit/s kbit/s
Mbit/s Mbit/s
Packet Size > 200 Byte 1 - 50 Byte 20 - 50 Bytes 20 - 50 Bytes < 300 Bytes < 300 Bytes < 300 Bytes < 80 Byte > 200 Byte < 8 Byte
Communicati < 100 m 100 m - 1 km < 100 m < 50 m < 200 m ~ 2m < 100 m 100 m - 1 km < 100 m < 10 m
on
Range
Device 0 m/s < 10 m/s < 10 m/s < 10 m/s < 40 m/s < 10 m/s < 5 m/s Generally < 3 m/s < 10 m/s
Mobility static,
otherwise <
10 m/s
-2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2
Device 0,33 - 3 m 10 - 20 m 0,33 - 3 m < 5 m ~ 0,1 m ~ 0,1 m ~ 0,1 m 10 000 / > 0,33 - 0,02 m > 0,33 -
-2
Density Factory 0,02 m
Energy n/a 10 years n/a n/a n/a < 8 h n/a 10 years 1 day n/a
Efficiency
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4.1.3 Public Protection Disaster Relief (PPDR)
According to ECC Report 102 [i.6], mission critical communication systems including PPDR (Public Protection
Disaster Relief) are used for situations where human life, rescue operations and law enforcement are at stake and public
safety organizations cannot afford the risk of having unsecured communications, transmission failures or even
interruptions of service. Mission critical communication services have very high availability requirements.
Mission critical communication systems show an increasing demand for higher bandwidth emergency communication
infrastructure to cope with new services demanding high throughput and low-delay requirements for the daily tasks and
particularly during immediate post-emergency period, including real-time video streaming and video surveillance,
exchange of high resolution pictures, etc. As well, foreseen/unforeseen events with large aggregation of professional
and consumer users such as e.g. big sport events, road shows or concerts may require high bandwidth communications.
In addition, PPDR users require a secure communication, usually realized by an end-to-end encryption mechanism.
The 24/7/365 broadband mission critical communication system is expected to be available "everywhere" and can be
complemented by local hot-spot type to be used on an event or special situation basis, where higher capacity is required.
In response to a disaster or an emergency, access to additional spectrum on a temporary and local basis may be
required, while the additional spectrum is provided by other mobile broadband services during the required period, in
order to support public safety.
Temporary PPDR network deployment high-level use cases are e.g.:
• Emergency and crisis operations
• Tactical operations (e.g. peacekeeping)
• Unplanned large events (e.g. demonstrations)
• Natural disasters
• Terror attacks
4.1.4 e-Health
Within the health sector, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines e-health as the transfer of health resources and
care by electronic means. In this clause, the focus is on the delivery of health information by telecommunication means.
A relevant use case for the present document is the pre-hospital emergency scenario [i.7]. This use case aims at
providing a remote laboratory for emergency relief actions, extending the hospital coverage and regular analysis to the
remote locations or during transport (e.g. in an ambulance) from the remote location to the hospital. Hereby, it is
important to provide a secure customized connectivity to specialized devices in the hospital. The emergency medical
staff can send medical data (including sounds, images and video), captured using wearable medical devices, to the
hospital. The hospital staff can send medical treatment-assistance to the emergency medical staff in the remote location
or during the transport.
Another relevant use case for the present in a hospital scenario is the assets and interventions management in Hospitals
[i.8]. That is, the tagging and real-time tracking of equipment and consumables (e.g. pharmaceuticals) in the Hospital.
Hereby it is important to, in a real-time manner, manage a massive number of objects for accountability, patient safety
and quality control. Further, the QoS-level is expected to be guaranteed. This use case belongs to the massive machine
type communication (mMTC) use case family, where QoS is mainly measured in terms of device density.
4.1.5 Characteristics
The analysis results in the identification of common characteristics across the use cases:
• Local geographical area;
• Short-term to long-term deployments;
• Need for predictable QoS levels; and
• Preference for private network infrastructure.
ETSI
16 ETSI TR 103 588 V1.1.1 (2018-02)
These four characteristics are leveraged to define the concept of local high-quality wireless networks.
4.2 Terminology
In the context of professional usage scenarios, the concept of local high-quality wireless network is used to refer to
wireless communication networks capable of supporting different (vertical) use cases with following commons:
• their operation is confined in a local geographical area;
• have short-term to long-term deployments;
• need predictable levels of QoS, particularly in terms of deterministic communication behaviour, reliability and
latency; etc.
• network infrastructure and management with a suitable combination of private and public networks for
implementing specific security standards or due to privacy reasons.
Local high-quality wireless networks can be used as a collective term for a family of use cases targeting professional
services and applications requiring predictable levels of QoS, privacy and security while showing either locally or
temporally constrained operation.
Based on their similarities, verticals sectors deploying local high-quality wireless networks would benefit from similar
spectrum access frameworks and standardization measures. Indeed, the availability of suitable spectrum bands for the
deployment of local high-quality wireless networks will determine their success. The need for predictable levels of QoS
would mostly preclude the operation of local high-quality wireless networks in a license-exempt spectrum, due to
coexistence problems, and target exclusively licensed spectrum. However, due to the current scarcity of suitable
exclusive (licensed) spectrum resources, which can be directly accessible by verticals, local high-quality wireless
networks might focus on spectrum sharing as the enabling spectrum access technology.
Next clause reviews different existing spectrum access frameworks according to their suitability for the deployment of
local high-quality wireless networks.
5 Spectrum Access Strategies
5.1 Spectrum Access Strategies
5.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes possible spectrum access strategies in a wide-sense to serve the process of ensuring that the
architecture, depicted in clause 6, supports the possible spectrum access possibilities. CE
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