ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)

Technical Report
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
System Reference Document;
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment for
social alarm and alarm applications

2 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)

Reference
DTR/ERM-TG28-0431
Keywords
alarm, radar, radio, short range, SRD, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 12
4.1 Statements by ETSI members . 12
5 Presentation of alarm and social alarm devices, systems and applications . 13
5.1 Overview: type of application . 14
5.2 Background information . 14
5.2.1 Fire and smoke . 14
5.2.2 Building intrusion detection and building security . 17
5.2.3 Social alarm . 19
5.3 Application details "Alarm and Social Alarm applications" . 21
5.3.1 Type 1: fire and smoke . 21
5.3.2 Type 2: building intrusion/security . 24
5.3.2.2 Asset tracking . 25
5.3.2.3 Surveillance applications . 26
5.3.2.3.1 Video application for surveillance . 26
5.3.2.4 Microwave sensor for surveillance . 26
5.3.3 Type 3: social alarm applications . 26
5.3.3.1 Private social alarm/telecare. 27
5.3.4 Type 4: technical alarms/building surveillance and maintenance . 28
5.3.5 Type 5: Integrated systems . 28
5.3.5.1 Professional system for healthcare and emergency services . 28
5.3.5.2 Assisted living/Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) . 28
5.3.6 M2M service layer . 30
6 Market information. 30
6.1 New additional applications for alarm systems . 31
6.1.1 Image transmission . 31
7 Technical information . 32
7.1 Changes in the environment: Transmitters in adjacent bands . 32
7.2 Requirements/applications standardisation . 32
7.2.1 Data Traffic . 32
7.2.2 Reliability . 33
7.2.3 Latency . 33
7.2.4 Safety Related Applications in the SRD Bands . 33
7.2.5 Image transmission . 34
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 34
8.1 Current regulations . 34
8.2 Application Specific Alarm Sub-bands . 35
8.3 Spectrum Efficiency and Occupancy . 36
8.4 New possible regulations . 36
8.4.1 Proposal for dedicated frequency ranges for alarm and social alarms/applications . 37
8.4.2 Shared frequency ranges with other SRDs . 38
8.4.3 New requirements for existing allocation . 38
ETSI
4 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
8.4.4 Other frequency ranges / technologies . 38
8.4.4.1 L-Band (1,4 GHz) . 38
8.4.4.2 UWB below 10,6 GHz . 39
9 Main conclusions . 39
10 Requested ECC and EC actions . 39
11 Expected ETSI actions . 40
Annex A: Detailed application information . 41
A.1 Overview of types for social alarm and alarm applications . 41
A.2 Type 1 fire and smoke . 41
A.2.1 Background information and motivation. . 41
A.2.2 Detailed application description . 42
A.2.3 Typical usage time and traffic evaluation of such device . 43
A.2.3.1 Size of Alarm systems . 43
A.2.3.2 specific DC requirement for huge systems / networks . 43
A.3 Type 2: building intrusion and security . 43
A.3.1 Background and justification . 43
A.3.2 Detailed application description . 44
A.3.3 Typical usage time and travel evaluation of such device . 45
A.4 Image transmission . 45
A.4.1 Background and justification . 45
A.4.2 Detailed application description . 46
A.4.3 Typical usage time and traffic evaluation of such device . 46
A.5 Type 3: social alarm applications . 47
A.5.1 Background and justification . 47
A.5.2 Detailed application description . 47
A.5.2.1 Private social alarm / telecare application . 47
A.5.3 Typical usage time and traffic evaluation of such device . 48
A.6 Type 4: technical alarms / building surveillance . 48
A.6.1 Background and justification . 48
A.6.2 Detailed application description . 48
A.7 Type 5 integrated systems . 49
A.7.1 Ambient Assisted Living . 49
A.7.1.1 Background and justification . 49
A.7.1.2 Detailed application description . 51
A.7.2 Personal location information / example "Nurse call" . 53
Annex B: Detailed market information . 57
B.1 Type 1 fire and smoke . 57
B.2 Type 2: intrusion and security . 57
B.2.1 Image transmission . 58
B.3 Type 3: social alarm application . 59
Annex C: Additional technical information . 60
C.1 Technical description . 60
C.1.1 Systems overview and installation requirements . 60
C.1.1.1 Battery lifetime . 60
C.1.1.2 Frequency usage . 60
C.2 Technical justifications for spectrum . 60
C.2.1 Typical parameters . 60
C.2.1.1 Type 1 . 61
C.2.1.2 Type 2 . 62
C.2.1.2.1 Image transmission. 62
ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
C.3 Collision probability . 63
Annex D: Compatibility issues . 65
D.1 The Threat from LTE . 65
D.1.1 LTE Technology . 65
D.1.2 Separation Distance from Alarm Systems . 66
D.1.3 Improved signalling for Alarm systems . 66
D.2 Existing Regulation . 67
Annex E: 169 MHz for social alarm . 70
Annex F: Bibliography . 72
History . 76

ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT).
Introduction
The present document has been developed to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic
Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT).
The present document is intended to help finding appropriate ways to ensure that:
1) established wireless alarm and social alarm systems can be operated and used future-proofed;
2) evolving new applications (e.g. ambient assisted living, improved medical monitoring and image transmission)
for wireless alarm and social alarm systems can be used under the regulatory framework.
ETSI
7 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
1 Scope
The present document describes requirements for alarm and social alarm devices, systems and applications.
It is a common feature of all alarms that an alarm message, is passed to a place (e.g. operation centre), where
experienced decision takers induce necessary actions, to prevent possible harm to life and limb, as well as start counter
actions to stop a process indicated as highly critical or instable.
Due to the potential impacts of false or delayed alarm messages a minimum set of requirements for an alarm system has
to be taken into account during the planning / installation phase. A high number of false alarms could lead to a
desensitization of the users (e.g. fire / intrusion) or the "helpers" (e.g. emergency service in a social alarm system),
which might result in ignored alarms, where every delay of an alarm message would result in an increased risk situation.
The following minimum set of requirements should be taken into account:
• Reliable work 24 h a day over the whole year.
• Avoidenance of blocking / interference by other wireless systems.
• Fast transmission times of an alarm message including minimised delay from the trigger.
• Redundant signal and transmission paths (e.g. multi path networks).
• Non-susceptible to changes in the signal paths (e.g. changes of arrangements/constructions inside a building)
to guarantee functionality and reachability in the operating area of the alarm system.
• Easy to use manual triggering (e.g. social alarm push button).
• Automatic transmission of the alarm message to the "final receiver" (e.g. fire operation centre), after
triggering.
• Fall back / escalation steps to react on a first blocking of a signal or receiption of updated information
(e.g. enlarged area of fire).
The present document includes the necessary information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the ECC of the
CEPT including:
• Detailed market information (annex A).
• Technical information (annex B).
• Expected compatibility issues (annex C).
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
ETSI
8 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of short range devices (SRD)".
NOTE: Available at: http://www.erodocdb.dk/doks/implement_doc_adm.aspx?docid=1622.
[i.2] ETSI EN 300 220 (all parts) (V2.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz
frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW".
[i.3] CEN EN 14604:2005: "Smoke alarm devices".
[i.4] CEPT ECC Report 37: "Compatibility of planned SRD applications with currently existing radio
communication applications in the frequency band 863 - 870 MHZ", Granada, February 2004.
[i.5] EN 54 (all parts): "Fire detection and fire alarm systems", details see annex E.
NOTE: Extra part 25:2008: "Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 25: Components using radio links and
system requirements".
[i.6] European Commission Decision 2008/432/EC of 23 May 2008 (amending Decision 2006/771/EC)
on harmonization of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices.
[i.7] European Commission Decision 2009/381/EC of 13 May 2009 amending Decision 2006/771/EC
on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices (notified under document
number C(2009) 3710).
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 065 (all parts) (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB) for
communications purposes; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
the R&TTE Directive".
[i.9] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.10] ETSI EN 300 440 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency
range.
[i.11] ETSI EN 302 500 (all parts) (V2.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology; Location
Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 9 GHz".
[i.12] ETSI EN 300 330 (Part 1 V1.7.1; Part 2 V1.5.1.): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Short range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range
9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz".
NOTE: Decision will be amended during ETSI publication process for the present document.
[i.13] CEPT ECC/DEC (06)12 of 1 December 2006, amended 31st October 2008 on supplementary
regulatory provisions to Decision ECC/DEC/ (06)04 for UWB devices using mitigation
techniques.
NOTE: Decision will be included into [i.16] during the ETSI publication process of the present document.
[i.14] VdS Guidelines for Smoke Alarm Devices (VdS 3515en) "Smoke Alarm Devices using Radio
Links; Requirements and Test Methods".
[i.15] CEN EN 50131: "Alarm systems - Intrusion alarm systems (all parts)", details see annex F
Bibliography.
ETSI
9 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
[i.16] CEN EN 50134: "Alarm systems - Social alarm systems (all parts)".
NOTE: See details in annex F Bibliography.
[i.17] ETSI EN 300 328 (V1.7.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band
and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements
under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.18] ETSI EN 300 113-1 (V 1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Land mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and/or
speech) using constant or non-constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement".
NOTE: Link from EN 54-25 "Spurious response rejection".
[i.19] Report: "ICT enabled independent living for elderly, A status-quo analysis on products and the
research landscape in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) in EU-27",
ISBN 978-3-89750-160-7.
[i.20] European Commission, Special Report No 1: "The impact of ageing on public expenditure:
projections for the EU25 Member States on pensions, healthcare, long-term care, education and
unemployment transfers (2004 -50)". Report prepared by the Economic Policy Committee and the
European Commission (DG ECFIN). Page 30.
NOTE: Data on Bulgaria and Romania has been added on the basis of current numbers to be found on the website
of Eurostat, see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat.
[i.21] "European Smart Homes and Assisted Living - Advanced Technologies and Global Market"
(2009-2014) by: marketsandmarkets.com Publishing Date: November 2009 Report Code: SE
1206.
[i.22] Frank Wartena, Johan Muskens and Lars Schmitt, Philips Research Europe, Eindhoven, The
Netherlands.
NOTE: See The Continua Health Alliance - The Impact of a Personal Telehealth Ecosystem.
[i.23] IEEE Pervasive Computing, Copyright (c) 2007 IEEE. Reprinted from (Pervasive Computing).
NOTE: See Continua: An Interoperable Personal Healthcare Ecosystem.
[i.24] EC Mandate M-403: "eHealth Interoperability, Mandate to the European Standardisation
Organisations CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of Information and Communication
Technologies, applied to the domain of eHealth".
[i.25] EC Mandate M441: "Smart Metering Mandate".
[i.26] EC Mandate M490: "Smart Grid Mandate".
[i.27] ETSI M2M / smart metering discussion in TC M2M, join CEN / CENELEC / ETSI
standardization activities and ERM TG28 (e.g. ETSI TR 102 886 and TS 102 887).
[i.28] ETSI TR 102 649-2 "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics of Short Range Devices (SRD) and RFID in the UHF Band; System
Reference Document for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and SRD equipment; Part 2:
Additional spectrum requirements for UHF RFID, non-specific SRDs and specific SRDs".
[i.29] ECC FM22 measurement campaign, report will prepared till end of 2011.
NOTE: See WG FM Workshop on Future UHF Spectrum use for SRD, RFID and Smart Metering
04-05 April 2011 – Mainz (Germany), Spectrum Monitoring Campaign 863 – 870 MHz, Session A,
see ECO webpage, www.ero.dk.
[i.30] ETSI TR 102 732: "Machine to Machine Communications (M2M); Use cases of M2M
applications for eHealth".
ETSI
10 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
[i.31] Commission Recommendation 2011/413/EU of 11 July 2011 on the research joint programming
initiative 'More years, better lives - the potential and challenges of demographic change'.
[i.32] CEN EN 14604:2009-02: "Smoke alarm devices".
[i.33] RSCOM guidance to CEPT on 5th update of EC Decision.
NOTE: Available at http://www.cept.org/Documents/srd/mg/706/SRDMG_11_069_Guidance
_Letter_5th_Update_EC_DEC_SRD or see ECC docbox folder for ECC FM PT SRD-MG: Document
number SRDMG (11)069.
[i.34] CTIF report; No13, 2008: "Center of Fire Statistics".
NOTE: See www.ctif.org.
[i.35] VdS-3438: "2010-02 VdS-Richtlinien für Home-Gefahren-Managementsysteme - Anforderungen
an Anlageteile".
[i.36] VdS 2227: "Richtlinien für Einbruchanlagen, Allgemeine Anforderungen und Prüfmethoden und
VdS2227en, Intruder Alarm Systems, General Requirements and Test methods".
[i.37] Data on "Crime and criminal justice" in the EU.
NOTE: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/crime/data/database
[i.38] CEPT reports for the digital dividend range (790 - 862 MHz) (CEPT report 029, CEPT report 030,
CEPT report 031 and CEPT report 032).
[i.39] Population projections 2008-2060 .
NOTE: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=STAT/08/119&format=
HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
[i.40] Eurostat Database.
NOTE: Available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/population/data/database.
[i.41] Report B833-19: "European Social Alarms Markets".
NOTE: See www.frost.com.
[i.42] Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations
and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products.
[i.43] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1046-2: "Definition of spectrum use and efficiency of a radio
system".
[i.44] Commission Decision 2005/928/EC of 20 December 2005 on the harmonisation of the
169,4-169,8125 MHz frequency band in the Community.
[i.45] ETSI TS 102 887: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices; Smart Metering Wireless Access Protocol".
[i.46] IEEE 802.15.4g: "Smart Utility Networks (SUN) Overview".
[i.47] Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the
energy performance of buildings.
[i.48] Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy
end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC.
[i.49] ETSI EN 301 908-13: "IMT cellular networks; Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 13: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio
Access (E-UTRA) User Equipment (UE)".
ETSI
11 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
[i.50] Approved Document B (Fire safety) Volume 2: "Buildings other than dwellinghouses"
(2006 Edition).
NOTE: Source Planning portal: http://www.planningportal.gov.uk.
[i.51] GDV - Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e.V, statistical report 2007.
[i.52] ERC Decision ERC/DEC/(01)09 of 12 March 2001on harmonised frequencies, technical
characteristics and exemption from individual licensing of Short Range Devices used for Alarms
operating in the frequency bands 868.60 - 868.7 MHz 869.25 - 869.3 MHz, 869.65 - 869.7 MHz.
[i.53] ECC Decision ECC/DEC/(05)05 of 18 March 2005 on harmonised utilisation of spectrum for
IMT-2000/UMTS systems operating within the band 2500 – 2690 MHz () (2008/477/EC).
[i.54] ERC Decision ERC/DEC/(97)06 of 30 June 1997 on the harmonised frequency band to be
designated for Social Alarm Systems.
[i.55] Ofcom Consultation and information on technical licence conditions for 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz
spectrum and related matters.
[i.56] ECC PT SE24: "Draft Report on Improving Spectrum Efficiency, a work in progress in WI23".
[i.57] ERC Decision ERC/DEC/(01)04 of 12 March 2001 on harmonised frequencies, technical
characteristics and exemption from individual licensing of Non-specific Short Range Devices
operating in the frequency bands 868.0 - 868.6 MHz, 868.7 - 869.2 MHz, 869.4 - 869.65 MHz,
869.7 - 870.0 MHz.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
alarm: use of radio communication for indicating an alert condition at a distant location
alarm time: duration between alarm trigger and arrival of "help"
alarm transmission time: duration between alarm trigger and outgoing alarm signal
assisted living residences: or assisted living facilities (ALFs) provide supervision or assistance with activities of daily
living (ADLs); coordination of services by outside health care providers; and monitoring of resident activities to help to
ensure their health, safety, and well-being.
assisted living: supported living in the private environment
social alarm: alarm to assist elderly or disabled people when they are in distress
social alarm devices: devices that allow reliable communication for a person in distress in a limited area to initiate a
call for assistance by a simple manipulation
telecare: remote care of old and physically less able people which is offering the care and reassurance needed to allow
them to remain living in their own homes
NOTE: The use of sensors may be part of a package which can provide support for people with illnesses such as
dementia, or people at risk of falling.
ETSI
12 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AAL Ambient Assisted Living
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CTIF Comité Technique International de prévention et d'extinction du Feu
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EC European Commission, the administration of the European Union
ERO European Radio communications Office
e.r.p. effective radiated power
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EU European Union
LTE new mobile communication system, "long term evolution"
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
RSCOM Radio Spectrum Committee
UK United Kingdom
VdS Vertrauen durch Sicherheit
4 Comments on the System Reference Document
4.1 Statements by ETSI members
Silver Spring Network comment:
The authors of this comment do not believe that the present document presents adequate reasons for additional spectrum
to be designated for exclusive alarm use.
In the expansion spectrum to be shared with the GSM-R primary users (873 MHz to 876 MHz), the work done so far is
based on sharing spectrum using specific system design techniques to protect the GSM-R device operation. It is noted
that clause 8.4.1, Table 8.1 includes:
Note 3:
Indicative DC:
- Max Transmitter On Time / per single transmission: [700 ms]
- Min Transmitter Off Time between two transmissions: [400 ms]
- Sum of Ton times / minute = DC/min [2,5]%/min
- Sum of Ton times / hour = DC/hr: [0,1]%/hr
These indicative values are inconsistent with the requirements specified in TR 102 886 [i.27] which develops a sharing
strategy based on the behaviour of the GSM-R channel codec and its inherent recovery time.
With respect to the discussion on safety of life in clause 7.2.4 Safety Related Applications it is important to recall the
following note from the foreword of ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1]:
When selecting parameters for new SRDs, which may have inherent safety of human life implications, manufacturers and
users should pay particular attention to the potential for interference from other systems operating in the same or adjacent
bands. Manufacturers should advise users on the risks of potential interference and its consequences.
It is clear that SRDs have no protection against interference from other spectrum users and consequently no guarantees
of service can be provided. Therefore all SRD systems should be designed from a spectrum sharing perspective.
With respect to clause 8.2, it is argued that:
The recommended exclusivity of the alarm sub-bands has, however, been compromised. The UK and Netherlands (and
possibly others in the future) have been more permissive than the EC Decision and permitted non specific use (band g in
Rec 70-03 Annex 1) across the whole of 863 MHz to 870 MHz, including the alarm sub-bands.
Based on this more liberal use of SRD spectrum by low duty cycle SRDs (permitted under EU Decision 2006/art.3
paragraph 3 and Technical annex), the SRDoc argues for the identification of an additional 400 kHz of exclusive use
spectrum from 875,6 MHz to 876 MHz.
ETSI
13 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
However, as further identified in clause 8.2, the SRDoc recognizes that such a strategy for exclusive use sub-division of
the SRD spectrum is "swimming against the regulatory tide". The permitted relaxing of regulations to allow additional
applications to use the scarce spectrum resource by European regulators is not a sufficient argument for demanding
further exclusive use spectrum even taking into account the expected increase in alarm market size.
The authors of this comment believe that better engineering applied to the use of the existing specific alarm SRD
spectrum (e.g. 868,6 MHz to 868,7 MHz; 869,2 MHz to 869,4 MHz and 869,65 MHz to 869,70 MHz) for necessary
purposes only (e.g. true alarm functions) combined with use of shared SRD spectrum for other functions (e.g. device
management) would provide significant improvements in alarm spectrum use and obviate the need for identification of
further dedicated-use spectrum.
The authors also believe advances in engineering practice and component design can, and will continue to do so in the
future, reduce the relevance of antenna and filter performance for not employing the available dedicated alarm spectrum
resources at 169 MHz.
In conclusion, this comment does not support the demand for an exclusive use band to be defined for alarms in the
873 MHz to 876 MHz spectrum and argues that a strategy for sharing existing and new SRD spectrum, together with
good engineering practice and use of existing alarm SRD allocations, can satisfy the additional requirements identified
both in the present document and SRDoc TR 102 649-2 [i.28].
5 Presentation of alarm and social alarm devices,
systems and applications
The present document gives an overview of and describes requirements for alarm and social alarm devices, systems and
applications.
In a report issued by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities [i.39] it is projected that the EU27
population to continue to grow older, with the share of the population aged 65 years and over rising from 17,1 % in
2008 to 30,0 % in 2060, and those aged 80 and over rising from 4,4 % to 12,1 % over the same period [i.40].
This analysis, as well as the "Commission Recommendation of 11 July 2011 on the research joint programming
initiative 'More years, better lives - the potential and challenges of demographic change' (2011/413/EU)", [i.31] lead to
the conclusion that the potential needs for alarm systems including social alarms will grow significantly and will
represent an increasing part of Short Range Devices in the coming years and for a long time.
To cope with this predicted situations and the increasing needs and requirements for alarms and social alarms a stable
regulatory framework is necessary.
ETSI
14 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
5.1 Overview: type of application

Figure 5.1: Overview alarm and social alarm applications
5.2 Background information
5.2.1 Fire and smoke
For detailed information, about the incident (e.g. number of fires, people killed in a fire) see: http://www.ctif.org/
(Homepage of International association of fire and rescue service).
Table 5.1: Number of fires in France, United Kingdom, Italy, Russia and
Germany in the year 2002 to 2006
year France UK Italy Russia Germany
2002 323 241,00 519 373,00 180 327,00 260 800,00 183 913,00
2003 394 707,00 621 000,00 218 486,00 239 289,00 213 035,00
2004 334 421,00 443 000,00 212 837,00 233 200,00 179 272,00
2005 376 600,00 430 291,00 218 858,00 229 800,00 158 600,00
2006 359 300,00 436 047,00 227 014,00 220 400,00 187 604,00

ETSI
15 ETSI TR 103 056 V1.1.1 (2012-03)
Following information taken out of CTIF report No. 13 from 2008 [i.34]:

Figure 5.2: Average number of people died during a fire / per 100 000 in
(not for all countries detailed information's available)
The total alarm time and the alarm transmission with a high reliability are very important. The following key points are
taken as arguments to install smoke / fire alarm systems:
1) To reduce the amount of loss (material).
2) To reduce the number of people killed by a fire.
For both points a very short alarm time is necessary (see Figure 5.3). The reason for that is that a fire has different
levels: first the "Beginning" in which it is relatively easyto extinguish (time windows < 4 min), then level two
"Burning", the effort to fight the fire is much higher and inside a building a lot
...