ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)

ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SmartM2M;
Smart Appliances Extension to SAREF;
Part 2: Environment Domain

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2 ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)



Reference
DTS/SmartM2M-103410-2-SAREF4EN
Keywords
data sharing, IoT, M2M, ontology, SAREF,
smart appliance

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3 ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviations . 6
4 SAREF4ENVI ontology and semantics . 6
4.1 Introduction . 6
4.2 SAREF4ENVI . 7
4.2.1 General overview . 7
4.2.2 Physical Object Hierarchy . 8
4.2.3 Devices and Measurements. 9
4.2.4 Devices . 11
4.2.5 Systems and Physical Objects . 12
4.2.6 Photometers . 15
4.2.7 Lampposts, Light Points and Light . 15
4.3 Observations about SAREF4ENVI . 17
Annex A (informative): Approach . 18
Annex B (informative): Bibliography . 19
History . 20


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4 ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering SmartM2M; Smart Appliances Extension to
SAREF, as identified below:
Part 1: "Energy Domain";
Part 2: "Environment Domain";
Part 3: "Building Domain".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document presents the SAREF extension for the environment domain, focused in a light pollution scenario
from the STARS4ALL H2020 project.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 103 411: "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; SAREF extension investigation".
[i.2] Zamorano, J., García, C., González, R, Gallego, J., Pascual, S., Tapia, C., Nievas, M., Sánchez, A.,
Cardiel, N. Deliverable D4.1. Photometer sensor (prototype). STARS4ALL project. March 30th,
2016.
[i.3] Variación espacial, temporal y espectral de la contaminación lumínica y sus fuentes: Metodología
y resultados. Ph.D. thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. February, 2015.
NOTE: Available at http://eprints.ucm.es/31436/.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
ontology: formal specification of a conceptualization, used to explicit capture the semantics of a certain reality
smart appliances: devices, which are used in the household, e.g. for performing domestic work, and which have the
ability to communicate with each other and which can be controlled via Internet
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6 ETSI TS 103 410-2 V1.1.1 (2017-01)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ESCP École Supérieure de Commerce de Paris
OM Ontology of units of Measure
OWL Web Ontology Language
OWL-DL Web Ontology Language Description Logic
RDF Resource Description Format
RDF-S Resource Description Format Schema
SAREF Smart Appliances REFerence ontology
TESS Telescope Encoder and Sky Sensor
TR Technical Report
TS Technical Specification
WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984
4 SAREF4ENVI ontology and semantics
4.1 Introduction
The present document is the technical specification of SAREF4ENVI, an extension of SAREF for the environment
domain. The extension was created in collaboration with domain experts in the field of light pollution currently working
in the STARS4ALL European H2020 project (http://www.stars4all.eu/index.php/lpi/). The STARS4ALL project is
composed by partners such as Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ESCP Europe,
Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of
Southampton, Europan Crowdfunding Network, and CEFRIEL (Società Consortile a Responsabilita Limitata).
SAREF4ENVI has two main aims: on the one hand, to be the basis for enabling the use of SAREF in the environment
domain and, on the other hand, to exemplify how to enable interoperability between environmental devices in
cooperation.
SAREF4ENVI is an OWL-DL ontology that extends SAREF with 32 classes (24 defined in SAREF4ENVI and
7 reused from the time, SAREF and geo ontologies), 24 object properties (22 defined in SAREF4ENVI and 2 reused
from the SAREF and geo ontologies), 13 data type properties (9 defined in SAREF4ENVI and 4 reused from the
SAREF ontology), and 24 individuals (9 defined in SAREF4ENVI and 12 reused from the OM ontology).
SAREF4ENVI focuses on extending SAREF for photometers to solve the lack of interoperability between sensors that
can measure and share information about light pollution. Such extension involves the following use cases (more details
can be found in ETSI TR 103 411 [i.1]):
• Use case 1: Monitor light pollution in a city, through the data collected by photometers about the magnitude of
the light emitted in a given area.
• Use case 2: Adjust lampposts light intensity due to high pollution, after identifying the most contaminating
lampposts and therefore the areas where more energy is being thrown away.
• Use case 3: Register a photometer, in which a new collection of photometers is incorporated into an existing
sensor network.
The prefixes and namespaces used in SAREF4ENVI and along this document are listed in Table 1.
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Table 1: Prefixes and namespaces used within the SAREF4ENVI ontology
Prefix Namespace
base (s4envi) https://w3id.org/def/saref4envi#
saref https://w3id.org/saref#
geo http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
owl http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
om http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/
xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

4.2 SAREF4ENVI
4.2.1 General overview
A graphical overview of the SAREF4ENVI ontology is provided in Figure 1.
In such figure, grey rectangles are used to denote classes created in the ontology while white rectangles denote reused
classes. For all the entities, it is indicated whether they are defined in the extension or in other ontologies by the prefix
included before their identifier, that is, if the element is defined in SAREF4ENVI there is no prefix added and if the
element is reused from another ontology it is indicated by a prefix according to Table 1.
Arrows are used represent properties between classes and to represent some RDF, RDF-S and OWL constructs, more
precisely:
• Plain arrows with white triangles represent the rdfs:subClassOf relation between two classes. The origin
of the arrow is the class to be declared as subclass of the class at the destination of the arrow.
• Dashed arrows between two classes indicate a local restriction in the origin class, i.e. that the object property
can be instantiated between the classes in the origin and the destination of the arrow. The identifier of the
object property is indicated within the arrow.
• Dashed arrows with identifiers between stereotype signs (i.e. "<< >>") refer to OWL constructs that are
applied to some ontology elements, that is, they can be applied to classes or properties depending on the OWL
construct being used.
• Dashed arrows with no identifier are used to represent the rdf:type relation, indicating that the element in
the origin of the arrow is an instance of the class in the destination of the arrow.
Datatype properties are denoted by rectangles attached to the classes, in an UML-oriented way. Dashed boxes represent
local restrictions in the class, i.e. datatype properties that can be applied to the class it is attached to.
Individuals are denoted by grey rectangles (or white ones in the case of being reused from other ontologies) in which
the identifier is underlined.
The representation of additional property axioms (functional, inverse functional, transitive, and symmetric) that are
being used in the diagram is shown in the legend of Figure 1.
Clause 4.2.2 to clause 4.2.7 describe the different parts of the SAREF4ENVI extension describing the different
conceptual modules of the ontology.
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Figure 1: SAREF4ENVI overview
4.2.2 Physical Object Hierarchy
In SAREF4ENVI, the SAREF ontology has been extended with various elements to describe different physical objects,
devices, and their characteristics.
Apart from extending the saref:Device class with the s4envi:Device class, a hierarchy has been defined also
including the classes s4envi:PhysicalObject, s4envi:System and s4envi:Actuator in the upper
levels. In order to represent sensors from the light pollution domain, the classes s4envi:Photometer and
s4envi:TESS (a specific type of photometer) have been included extending the hierarchy. Such classes are organized
in the hierarchy shown in Figure 2.
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Figure 2: Physical Object hierarchy
4.2.3 Devices and Measurements
Devices and measurements are depicted in Figure 3. This model represents an n-ary pattern that allows users to relate
different measurements from a given sensor for different properties measured in different units. That is, the
saref:Measurement class aims at describing a measurement of a physical quantity (using the saref:hasValue
property) for a given saref:Property and according to a given saref:UnitOfMeasure.
This pattern enables to differentiate between properties and the measurements made for such properties and to store
measurements for a concrete property in different units of measurement.
Furthermore, it allows adding a timestamp (using the saref:hasTimeStamp property) to identify when the
measurement applies to the property, which can be used either for single measurements or for series of measurements
(e.g. measurement streams).
It is worth noting that this modelling was included in SAREF 2.0 after the SAREF4ENVI extension was developed.
This pattern was first included in the SAREF4ENVI and SAREF4BLDG extensions and then proposed to be
extrapolated to SAREF 2.0; this explains why the prefix used for this part of the model refers to SAREF instead of to
SAREF4ENVI. However, as its origin is in the SAREF4ENVI and SAREF4BLDG extensions requirements and
models, the explanations are kept in the present document.
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Figure 3: Sensor and measurement model
Table 2 summarizes the restrictions that characterize a saref:Measurement.
Table 2: Restrictions of the saref:Measurement class
Property Definition
saref:hasTimestamp only xsd:dateTime
The timestamp of a measurement is represented only by
xsd:dateTime.
saref:hasValue exactly 1 xsd:float
A measurement should have exactly one value represented
using xsd:float.
saref:hasValue only xsd:float The value of a measurement is represented only by xsd:float.
saref:isMeasuredIn exactly 1 saref:UnitOfMeasure A measurement should have exactly one unit of measurement
which should be instance of saref:UnitOfMeasure.
saref:isMeasuredIn only saref:UnitOfMeasure The unit of measurement of a measurement is represented only
by instances of the class saref:UnitOfMeasure.
saref:relatesToProperty exactly 1 saref:Property A measurement should be related exactly to one property which
should be instance of saref:Property.
saref:relatesToProperty only saref:Property The property to whic
...