ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices;
Measurement Techniques for Automotive
and Surveillance Radar Equipment

2 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TGSRR-77
Keywords
measurement uncertainty, power measurement,
radio measurements
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
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The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
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3 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 12
4 General Considerations for performing the tests . 13
4.1 Overview . 13
4.2 Product information . 13
4.3 Requirements for the EUT. 13
4.3.1 EUT version and configuration . 13
4.3.2 Presentation. 14
4.3.3 Multiple operating bandwidths . 14
4.3.4 Requirement on the modulation during testing . 14
4.3.5 Requirements in case of EUT with scanning antennas . 14
4.3.5.1 Classification . 14
4.3.5.2 Measurement of fixed beam EUT . 14
4.3.5.3 Measurement of constant pattern EUT . 14
4.3.5.4 Measurement of variable pattern EUT . 15
4.4 Test conditions . 15
4.4.1 Introduction. 15
4.4.2 Power sources . 15
4.4.3 Normal test conditions . 15
4.4.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 15
4.4.3.2 Normal power source . 15
4.4.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 15
4.4.3.2.2 Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles . 15
4.4.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16
4.4.4 Extreme test conditions . 16
4.4.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 16
4.4.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 16
4.4.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 16
4.4.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 16
4.4.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
4.4.4.2.2 Other power sources . 16
4.5 Reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver . 16
4.6 Interpretation of test results and permitted measurement uncertainty . 17
4.6.0 General . 17
4.6.1 Maximum permitted measurement uncertainty . 18
4.6.2 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum permitted uncertainty . 18
4.6.3 Measurement uncertainty is larger than maximum permitted uncertainty . 18
4.7 Test Report . 18
5 Test setups and procedures . 19
5.1 Introduction . 19
5.2 Initial measurement steps . 19
5.3 Radiated measurements . 19
5.3.1 General . 19
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4 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
5.3.2 Guidance on the use of a radiation test site . 19
5.3.2.0 Introduction . 19
5.3.2.1 Verification of the test site . 20
5.3.2.2 Mounting bracket . 20
5.3.2.3 Range length . 20
5.3.2.4 Test Site preparation . 21
5.3.3 Standard test methods . 21
5.4 Testing of host connected devices . 21
6 Test procedures . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Descriptions . 22
6.2.1 Introduction. 22
6.2.2 Operating frequency range . 22
6.2.3 Total Power . 22
6.2.4 Peak e.i.r.p. . 23
6.2.5 Mean (average) e.i.r.p. . 23
6.2.6 Mean e.i.r.p. spectral density . 23
6.2.7 Power Duty Cycle . 23
6.2.8 Spectrum Access Duty Cycle. 24
6.2.9 Dwell time and repetition time . 24
6.2.10 Frequency modulation range. 24
6.2.11 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domains . 24
6.2.12 Receiver spurious emissions . 25
6.2.13 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signals handling. 25
6.3 Method of measurements of the EUT. 25
6.3.1 Introduction. 25
6.3.2 Operating Frequency Range . 25
6.3.3 Peak e.i.r.p. . 26
6.3.3.1 General . 26
6.3.3.2 Method with a spectrum analyser . 26
6.3.3.3 Method with an average power meter . 26
6.3.3.4 Method with a peak power meter . 26
6.3.4 Mean e.i.r.p. . 26
6.3.4.1 General . 26
6.3.4.2 Method with a spectrum analyser . 27
6.3.4.3 Method with an average power meter . 27
6.3.4.4 Method with a peak power meter . 27
6.3.5 Mean E.I.R.P spectral density . 27
6.3.6 Power Duty Cycle . 28
6.3.6.1 General . 28
6.3.6.2 Method with the spectrum analyser . 28
6.3.6.3 Alternative method with an oscilloscope . 28
6.3.6.3.1 Description . 28
6.3.6.3.2 General test setup . 28
6.3.7 Spectrum access duty cycle . 29
6.3.7.1 Introduction . 29
6.3.7.2 Measurement of spectrum access duty cycle. 30
6.3.8 Dwell time and repetition time . 30
6.3.8.1 Introduction . 30
6.3.8.2 Measurement of accumulated dwell time over a given observation time interval . 31
6.3.8.3 Measurement of a repeating dwell time . 32
6.3.9 Frequency modulation range. 32
6.3.9.1 Introduction . 32
6.3.9.2 Measurement of frequency modulation range . 33
6.3.10 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domains . 33
6.3.11 Receiver spurious emissions . 35
6.3.11.1 General . 35
6.3.11.2 Test set-up . 35
6.3.12 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signals handling. 36
6.3.12.1 Introduction . 36
6.3.12.2 Test set-up . 36
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5 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
6.3.12.3 Test procedure . 36
6.3.12.4 Unwanted signals specification . 36
Annex A (normative): Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the
use of radiated fields . 37
A.1 Introduction . 37
A.2 Anechoic chamber . 37
A.3 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 38
A.4 Extreme conditions test . 39
A.4.1 Radio transparent temperature chamber . 39
A.4.2 Use of a test fixture . 39
A.4.2.0 General . 39
A.4.2.1 Characteristics . 39
A.4.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber . 40
A.4.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber . 42
A.5 Test antenna . 42
A.5.1 General . 42
A.5.2 Substitution antenna . 42
A.5.3 Measuring antenna . 43
Annex B (normative): Standard test methods . 44
B.1 Radiated test set-up calibrated by using the Rx link budget calculation . 44
B.2 Radiated test set-up calibrated by using substitution method. 44
Annex C (normative): Rx link budget calculation . 46
Annex D (normative): Measuring receivers . 49
D.1 General remarks . 49
D.2 Power Meter . 49
D.3 Spectrum analyser . 50
D.4 Signal analyser . 50
D.5 Oscilloscope . 51
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 52
Annex F (informative): Change History . 53
History . 54

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
It is intended to be used in conjunction with an appropriate harmonised standard for the purposes of assessing
conformity with the Radio Equipment Directive [i.3].

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 5 December 2016
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 March 2017
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 September 2017
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 September 2017

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Automotive and surveillance radar equipments are low power millimetre wave devices that are able to detect and
characterize targets in their environment.
The following use cases are included (but are not limited to):
• automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) applications, such as Adaptive Cruise Control
(ACC), Blind Spot Detection (BSD), parking aid, backup aid, autonomous braking and Pre-Crash Systems
(PCS);
• surveillance radars for other kind of ground based vehicles, such as trains, trams, aircrafts while taxiing;
• fixed infrastructure radars for traffic monitoring;
• railway/road crossings obstacle detection radars;
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7 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
• helicopter obstacle detection radars.
Detailed information about use cases can be found in the related Harmonised Standards (ETSI EN 301 091-1 [i.7], ETSI
EN 301 091-2 [i.8], ETSI EN 301 091-3 [i.9], ETSI EN 302 264 [i.10], ETSI EN 302 858 [i.11]).
The current generation of radars uses mainly FMCW modulations, such as slow-ramp and fast-ramp (chirp or pulse
compression) modulations. Radars may have multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas to enable adaptive
field-of-views or digital beam forming. Scanning systems, electronically or mechanically, also exist on the market.

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
1 Scope
The present document describes possible measurement techniques and procedures for the conformance measurements
applicable to automotive and surveillance radar equipments.
The present document will be used as a reference for existing and future ETSI standards covering automotive and
surveillance radar equipments.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16-1-1 (2006), CISPR 16-1-4 (2010) and CISPR 16-1-5 (2014): "Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[4] ETSI TS 102 321 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validation of a fully lined anechoic chamber up to
40 GHz".
[5] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.2] ITU Radio Regulations.
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9 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R SM.329-12 (2012): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] Recommendation ITU-R SM.328-11 (2006): "Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions".
[i.6] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 (2006): "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband
transmissions".
[i.7] ETSI EN 301 091-1: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Ground based vehicular radar".
[i.8] ETSI EN 301 091-2: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 2: Fixed infrastructure radar
equipment".
[i.9] ETSI EN 301 091-3: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 3: Railway/Road Crossings obstacle
detection system applications".
[i.10] ETSI EN 302 264: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Short Range
Radar equipment operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Harmonised Standard covering
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] ETSI EN 302 858: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Harmonised
Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Radar
equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz or 24,05 GHz to 24,50 GHz range".
[i.12] ECC Recommendation (07)01: "Frequency Measurements Using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Techniques".
[i.13] ETSI TR 103 366: "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Time
Domain based Low Duty Cycle Measurement Procedure".
[i.14] ETSI EG 203 367 (V1.1.1): "Guide to the application of harmonised standards covering
article 3.1b and 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) to multi-radio and combined radio and
non-radio equipment".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
antenna cycle: one complete sweep of a mechanically or electronically scanned antenna beam along a predefined
spatial path
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the solid angle of the antenna beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total solid
angle scanned by the antenna
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
averaging time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where no intentional emission occurs
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
boresight: direction of maximum gain of a directional antenna
NOTE: EUT may have different boresights for TX and RX antennas.
bumper: (automotive) generally 3D shaped plastic sheet normally mounted in front of the radar device
co-located receiver: receiver is located in the same device housing as the transmitter
cycle time: length of the time between periodic transmission patterns of the system
NOTE: In case of a random pattern, a default value of 1 minute is used.
∑
duty cycle: ()/_ where T is the ON time of a single transmission and t_o is the observation period. T is

on on
measured in an observation frequency band (BW_o)
dwell time: in general, time interval for which a certain frequency range is occupied
NOTE: "Cumulated dwell time" is the sum of individual dwell times within a measurement time frame and in a
defined frequency range.
"Absolute dwell time" is the time from first entrance into a defined frequency range until last exit from a
defined frequency range.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain
in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain)
NOTE 1: See ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.161.
NOTE 2: e.i.r.p. may be used for peak or mean (average) power and peak or mean (average) spectral power density.
If not otherwise noted, e.i.r.p. refers to the mean (average) power.
far field measurement: measurement at a distance from an antenna sufficient to ensure that the electro-magnetic field
approximates a plane wave (see clause 5.3.2.3)
illumination time: (for equipment with scanning antennas) time for which a given point in the far field is within the
main beam(s) of the antenna(s)
maximum power: maximum mean power with respect to azimuth and elevation (typically measured at antenna
boresight)
mean power: power during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the
modulation envelope
NOTE 1: See ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.158.
NOTE 2: For pulsed systems the mean power is equal to the peak envelope power (see ITU Radio Regulations [i.2],
RR 1.157) multiplied by the time gating duty factor. For CW systems without time gating the mean
power is equal to the transmission power without modulation.
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak power: highest instantaneous power of the EUT
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
permitted frequency range(s): frequency range(s) within which the device is authorized to operate
power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
NOTE: See ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.157.
power flux density: radiated power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
pulse radar: EUT which determines distance (range) by the time-of-flight of short radar pulses which are not frequency
modulated
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
Radar Cross Section (RCS): cross-sectional area of a perfectly reflecting sphere that would produce the same strength
reflection as would the object in question
scanning (steerable) antenna: directional antenna which can move its beam along a predefined spatial path
NOTE: Scanning can be realized by mechanical, electronical or combined means. The antenna beamwidth may
stay constant or change with the steering angle, dependent on the steering method.
nd
second (2 ) harmonic: twice the frequency of the fundamental (e.g. 48 GHz for a 24 GHz device)
spread spectrum modulation: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a
relatively large portion of the frequency spectrum
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a wider frequency range
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength
B (pulse) bandwidth
B Bandwidth used for frequency hopping systems
FH
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
dB decibel
d Far Field Distance
FF
E Field strength
f Carrier frequency
c
f highest frequency
H
lowest frequency
f
L
F Permitted frequency bandwidth
F Low boundary between OOB and Spurious domains
F High boundary between OOB and Spurious domains
σ Radar Cross Section
BW_o Observation bandwidth
f_max Maximum frequency range of interest
f_mod Modulation frequency range
P_min Minimum relevant signal power
P Measured power corrected with regard to the RBW
CORR
P Measured power
MEASURED
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
RBW Resolution Bandwidth
RBW Reference Resolution Bandwidth
REF
RBW Resolution Bandwidth used for the measurements
MEASURED
S Power Flux Density
T Chip period
C
t_d1,2,3 Individual dwell time contributions
t_d Dwell time
t_o Observation time
t_r Repetition time
TP Total Power
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
ATT ATTenuator
BSD Blind Spot Detection
BW BandWidth
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
CISPR Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques
CW Continuous Wave
DC Direct Current
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EC European Commission
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
FH Frequency Hopping
FMCW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
HS Harmonised Standards
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OBW Occupied BandWidth
OOB Out-Of-Band
PCS Pre-Crash System
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RCS Radar Cross Section
RE-D Radio Equipment Directive
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RR ITU-R Radio Regulations
Rx Receiver (Receive)
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
TTT Transport & Traffic Telematics
Tx Transmitter
UWB Ultra Wide Band
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
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13 ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)
4 General Considerations for performing the tests
4.1 Overview
In this clause, all general considerations for the testing of short-range radar devices will be given. These considerations
and requirements are related to the presentation of the products to be tested (see clause 4.2), the requirement for the
EUT (see clause 4.3), the general test conditions (see clause 4.4), the reference bandwidth for the measurements (see
clause 4.5) the interpretation of test results (see clause 4.6) and the test report (see clause 4.7).
4.2 Product information
The following product information may be needed in order for the tests to be performed adequately and should be
provided by the manufacturer, such as:
• relevant harmonised standard and environmental conditions of use/intended use;
• the nominal power supply voltages of the stand-alone radio equipment or the nominal power supply voltages
of the host equipment or combined equipment in case of plug-in radio devices;
• the type of technology/modulation implemented in the equipment (e.g. pulse, pulse-Doppler, FMCW, etc.);
• for all modulation schemes, the modulation parameters need to be provided: for example modulation period,
ramp sweep time, modulation bandwidth;
• high and low power modes;
• the equipment power duty cycle;
• the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment (see clause 6.3.2);
• the normal installation orientation of the EUT;
• the antenna polarization for both transmit and receive antennas;
• the antenna boresight direction, as well as the antenna beamwidth, horizontal and vertical 3 dB points for both
transmit and receive antennas;
• details of any antenna switching or electronic or mechanical scanning. Where such features are present,
information about whether they can be disabled for testing purposes should also be supplied;
• the desired range of temperature (see clause 4.4.4.1.2), including the necessary warm-up settling time of the
EUT;
• information about equipment function to establish wanted performance criteria (clause 6.3.12).
See related HS for more
...

Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices;
Measurement Techniques for Automotive
and Surveillance Radar Equipment

2 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TGSRR-77
Keywords
measurement uncertainty, power measurement,
radio measurements
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016.
All rights reserved.
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DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Definitions . 10
3.2 Symbols . 12
3.3 Abbreviations . 13
4 General Considerations for performing the tests . 14
4.1 Overview . 14
4.2 Product information . 14
4.3 Requirements for the EUT. 14
4.3.1 EUT version and configuration . 14
4.3.2 Presentation. 15
4.3.3 Multiple operating bandwidths . 15
4.3.4 Requirement on the modulation during testing . 15
4.3.5 Requirements in case of EUT with scanning antennas . 15
4.3.5.1 Classification . 15
4.3.5.2 Measurement of fixed beam EUT . 15
4.3.5.3 Measurement of constant pattern EUT . 15
4.3.5.4 Measurement of variable pattern EUT . 16
4.4 Test conditions . 16
4.4.1 Introduction. 16
4.4.2 Power sources . 16
4.4.3 Normal test conditions . 16
4.4.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 16
4.4.3.2 Normal power source . 16
4.4.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
4.4.3.2.2 Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles . 16
4.4.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16
4.4.4 Extreme test conditions . 17
4.4.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 17
4.4.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 17
4.4.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 17
4.4.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17
4.4.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17
4.4.4.2.2 Other power sources . 17
4.5 Reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver . 17
4.6 Interpretation of test results and permitted measurement uncertainty . 18
4.6.0 General . 18
4.6.1 Maximum permitted measurement uncertainty . 19
4.6.2 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum permitted uncertainty . 19
4.6.3 Measurement uncertainty is larger than maximum permitted uncertainty . 19
4.7 Test Report . 19
5 Test setups and procedures . 19
5.1 Introduction . 19
5.2 Initial measurement steps . 19
5.3 Radiated measurements . 20
5.3.1 General . 20
5.3.2 Guidance on the use of a radiation test site . 20
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4 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
5.3.2.0 Introduction . 20
5.3.2.1 Verification of the test site . 20
5.3.2.2 Mounting bracket . 20
5.3.2.3 Range length . 20
5.3.2.4 Test Site preparation . 21
5.3.3 Standard test methods . 22
5.4 Testing of host connected devices . 22
6 Test procedures . 22
6.1 General . 22
6.2 Descriptions . 22
6.2.1 Introduction. 22
6.2.2 Operating frequency range . 23
6.2.3 Total Power . 23
6.2.4 Peak e.i.r.p. . 24
6.2.5 Mean (average) e.i.r.p. . 24
6.2.6 Mean e.i.r.p. spectral density . 24
6.2.7 Power Duty Cycle . 24
6.2.8 Spectrum Access Duty Cycle. 24
6.2.9 Dwell time and repetition time . 24
6.2.10 Frequency modulation range. 24
6.2.11 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domains . 24
6.2.12 Receiver spurious emissions . 25
6.2.13 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signals handling. 25
6.3 Method of measurements of the EUT. 25
6.3.1 Introduction. 25
6.3.2 Operating Frequency Range . 26
6.3.3 Peak e.i.r.p. . 26
6.3.3.1 General . 26
6.3.3.2 Method with a spectrum analyser . 26
6.3.3.3 Method with an average power meter . 27
6.3.3.4 Method with a peak power meter . 27
6.3.4 Mean e.i.r.p. . 27
6.3.4.1 General . 27
6.3.4.2 Method with a spectrum analyser . 27
6.3.4.3 Method with an average power meter . 27
6.3.4.4 Method with a peak power meter . 27
6.3.5 Mean E.I.R.P spectral density . 28
6.3.6 Power Duty Cycle . 28
6.3.6.1 General . 28
6.3.6.2 Method with the spectrum analyser . 28
6.3.6.3 Alternative method with an oscilloscope . 29
6.3.6.3.1 Description . 29
6.3.6.3.2 General test setup . 29
6.3.7 Spectrum access duty cycle . 29
6.3.7.1 Introduction . 29
6.3.7.2 Measurement of spectrum access duty cycle. 30
6.3.8 Dwell time and repetition time . 30
6.3.8.1 Introduction . 30
6.3.8.2 Measurement of accumulated dwell time over a given observation time interval . 32
6.3.8.3 Measurement of a repeating dwell time . 33
6.3.9 Frequency modulation range. 33
6.3.9.1 Introduction . 33
6.3.9.2 Measurement of frequency modulation range . 34
6.3.10 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domains . 34
6.3.11 Receiver spurious emissions . 35
6.3.11.1 General . 35
6.3.11.2 Test set-up . 36
6.3.12 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signals handling. 37
6.3.12.1 Introduction . 37
6.3.12.2 Test set-up . 37
6.3.12.3 Test procedure . 37
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5 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
6.3.12.4 Unwanted signals specification . 37
Annex A (normative): Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the
use of radiated fields . 38
A.1 Introduction . 38
A.2 Anechoic chamber . 38
A.3 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 39
A.4 Extreme conditions test . 40
A.4.1 Radio transparent temperature chamber . 40
A.4.2 Use of a test fixture . 40
A.4.2.0 General . 40
A.4.2.1 Characteristics . 40
A.4.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber . 41
A.4.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber . 42
A.5 Test antenna . 43
A.5.1 General . 43
A.5.2 Substitution antenna . 43
A.5.3 Measuring antenna . 43
Annex B (normative): Standard test methods . 44
B.1 Radiated test set-up calibrated by using the Rx link budget calculation . 44
B.2 Radiated test set-up calibrated by using substitution method. 44
Annex C (normative): Rx link budget calculation . 46
Annex D (normative): Measuring receivers . 49
D.1 General remarks . 49
D.2 Power Meter . 49
D.3 Spectrum analyser . 49
D.4 Signal analyser . 50
D.5 Oscilloscope . 51
Annex E (informative): Examples of modulation schemes . 52
E.1 Pulse modulation . 52
E.1.1 Definition . 52
E.1.2 Typical operating parameters . 52
E.2 Frequency modulated continuous wave . 53
E.2.1 Definition . 53
E.2.2 Typical operating parameters . 53
E.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) . 54
E.3.1 Definition . 54
E.3.2 Typical operating parameters . 55
E.4 PN-ASK (Pseudo-Noise Amplitude Shift Keying) . 55
E.4.1 Definition . 55
E.4.2 Typical operating parameters . 56
E.5 Pseudo-Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 56
E.5.1 Definition . 56
E.5.2 Typical operation parameters . 57
E.6 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency hopping) . 57
E.6.1 Definition . 57
E.6.2 Typical operation parameters . 58
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6 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
E.6.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 58
E.6.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 58
E.6.3.2 Measurement requirements . 59
E.7 PN-PSK (Pseudo-Noise coded phase shift keying) . 59
E.7.1 Definition . 59
E.7.2 Typical operation parameters . 60
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 61
Annex G (informative): Change History . 62
History . 63

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7 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI
standards EN Approval Procedure.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with an appropriate harmonised standard for the purposes of assessing
conformity with the Radio Equipment Directive [i.3].

Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Automotive and surveillance radar equipments are low power millimetre wave devices that are able to detect and
characterize targets in their environment.
The following use cases are included (but are not limited to):
• automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) applications, such as Adaptive Cruise Control
(ACC), Blind Spot Detection (BSD), parking aid, backup aid, autonomous braking and pre-crash systems
(PCS),
• surveillance radars for other kind of ground based vehicles, such as trains, trams, aircrafts while taxiing,
• fixed infrastructure radars for traffic monitoring,
• railway/road crossings obstacle detection radars,
• helicopter obstacle detection radars.
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8 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
Detailed information about use cases can be found in the related Harmonised Standards (ETSI EN 301 091-1 [i.7], ETSI
EN 301 091-2 [i.8], ETSI EN 301 091-3 [i.9], ETSI EN 302 264 [i.10], ETSI EN 302 858 [i.11]).
The current generation of radars uses mainly FMCW modulations, such as slow-ramp and fast-ramp (chirp or pulse
compression) modulations. Radars may have multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas to enable adaptive
field-of-views or digital beam forming. Scanning systems, electronically or mechanically, also exist on the market.

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9 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
1 Scope
The present document describes possible measurement techniques and procedures for the conformance measurements
applicable to automotive and surveillance radar equipments.
The present document will be used as a reference for existing and future ETSI standards covering automotive and
surveillance radar equipments.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16-1-1 (2006), CISPR 16-1-4 (2010) and CISPR 16-1-5 (2014): "Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[4] ETSI TS 102 321 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validation of a fully lined anechoic chamber up to
40 GHz".
[5] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.2] ITU Radio Regulations (Edition of 2012).
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
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10 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R SM.329-12 (2012): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] Recommendation ITU-R SM.328-11 (2006): "Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions".
[i.6] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 (2006): "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband
transmissions".
[i.7] ETSI EN 301 091-1: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Ground based vehicular radar".
[i.8] ETSI EN 301 091-2: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonized Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 2: Fixed infrastructure radar
equipment".
[i.9] ETSI EN 301 091-3: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 3: Railway/Road Crossings obstacle
detection system applications".
[i.10] ETSI EN 302 264: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Short Range
Radar equipment operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Harmonized Standard covering
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] ETSI EN 302 858: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Harmonised
Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Radar
equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz or 24,05 GHz to 24,50 GHz range".
[i.12] ECC Recommendation (07)01: "Frequency Measurements Using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Techniques".
[i.13] ETSI TR 103 366: "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Time
Domain based Low Duty Cycle Measurement Procedure".
[i.14] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to
the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
antenna cycle: one complete sweep of a mechanically or electronically scanned antenna beam along a predefined
spatial path
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the solid angle of the antenna beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total solid
angle scanned by the antenna (as measured at its 3 dB point)
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where no intentional emission occurs
boresight: direction of maximum gain of a directional antenna
NOTE: EUT may have different boresights for TX and RX antennas.
bumper: (automotive) generally 3D shaped plastic sheet normally mounted in front of the radar device
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11 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
co-located receiver: receiver is located in the same device housing as the transmitter
cycle time: length of the time between periodic transmission patterns of the system
NOTE: In case of a random pattern, a default value of 1 minute is used.
duty cycle: ∑ ()/ where T is the ON time of a single transmission and T is the observation period. T is

on obs on
measured in an observation frequency band (F )
obs
dwell time: in general, time interval for which a certain frequency range is occupied
NOTE: "Cumulated dwell time" is the sum of individual dwell times within a measurement time frame and in a
defined frequency range.
"Absolute dwell time" is the time from first entrance into a defined frequency range until last exit from a
defined frequency range.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): The product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna
gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain), (see ITU Radio Regulations [i.2],
RR 1.161).
NOTE: e.i.r.p. may be used for peak or mean (average) power and peak or mean (average) spectral power density.
If not otherwise noted, e.i.r.p. refers to the mean (average) power.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or time gating
far field measurement: measurement at a distance from an antenna sufficient to ensure that the electro-magnetic field
approximates a plane wave (see clause 5.3.2.3)
illumination time: (for equipment with scanning antennas) time for which a given point in the far field is within the
main beam(s) of the antenna(s)
maximum power: maximum mean power with respect to azimuth and elevation (typically measured at antenna
boresight)
mean power: Power during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the
modulation envelope, (see ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.158).
NOTE: For pulsed systems the mean power is equal to the peak envelope power (see ITU Radio Regulations [i.2],
RR 1.157) multiplied by the time gating duty factor. For CW systems without time gating the mean power
is equal to the transmission power without modulation.
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak power: highest instantaneous power of the EUT
permitted frequency range(s): frequency range(s) within which the device is authorized to operate
power envelope: Power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions, (see ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.157).
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12 Draft ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.0 (2016-04)
power flux density: radiated power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation (in
W/m²)
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW.
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
Radar Cross Section (RCS): cross-sectional area of a perfectly reflecting sphere that would produce the same strength
reflection as would the object in question
scanning (steerable) antenna: directional antenna which can move its beam along a predefined spatial path
NOTE: Scanning can be realized by mechanical, electronical or combined means. The antenna beamwidth may
stay constant or change with the steering angle, dependent on the steering method.
nd
second (2 ) harmonic: twice the frequency of the fundamental (e.g. 48 GHz for a 24 GHz device)
spread spectrum modulation: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a
relatively large portion of the frequency spectrum
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a wider frequency range
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply
...

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Naprave kratkega dosega - Merilne tehnike za avtomobilsko in nadzorno radarsko opremoShort Range Devices - Measurement Techniques for Automotive and Surveillance Radar Equipment33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12)SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017en01-februar-2017SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 2
Reference DEN/ERM-TGSRR-77 Keywords measurement uncertainty, power measurement, radio measurements ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 6 Foreword . 6 Modal verbs terminology . 6 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 8 2 References . 8 2.1 Normative references . 8 2.2 Informative references . 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9 3.1 Definitions . 9 3.2 Symbols . 11 3.3 Abbreviations . 12 4 General Considerations for performing the tests . 13 4.1 Overview . 13 4.2 Product information . 13 4.3 Requirements for the EUT. 13 4.3.1 EUT version and configuration . 13 4.3.2 Presentation. 14 4.3.3 Multiple operating bandwidths . 14 4.3.4 Requirement on the modulation during testing . 14 4.3.5 Requirements in case of EUT with scanning antennas . 14 4.3.5.1 Classification . 14 4.3.5.2 Measurement of fixed beam EUT . 14 4.3.5.3 Measurement of constant pattern EUT . 14 4.3.5.4 Measurement of variable pattern EUT . 15 4.4 Test conditions . 15 4.4.1 Introduction. 15 4.4.2 Power sources . 15 4.4.3 Normal test conditions . 15 4.4.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 15 4.4.3.2 Normal power source . 15 4.4.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 15 4.4.3.2.2 Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles . 15 4.4.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16 4.4.4 Extreme test conditions . 16 4.4.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 16 4.4.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 16 4.4.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 16 4.4.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 16 4.4.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 16 4.4.4.2.2 Other power sources . 16 4.5 Reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver . 16 4.6 Interpretation of test results and permitted measurement uncertainty . 17 4.6.0 General . 17 4.6.1 Maximum permitted measurement uncertainty . 18 4.6.2 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum permitted uncertainty . 18 4.6.3 Measurement uncertainty is larger than maximum permitted uncertainty . 18 4.7 Test Report . 18 5 Test setups and procedures . 19 5.1 Introduction . 19 5.2 Initial measurement steps . 19 5.3 Radiated measurements . 19 5.3.1 General . 19 SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 4 5.3.2 Guidance on the use of a radiation test site . 19 5.3.2.0 Introduction . 19 5.3.2.1 Verification of the test site . 20 5.3.2.2 Mounting bracket . 20 5.3.2.3 Range length . 20 5.3.2.4 Test Site preparation . 21 5.3.3 Standard test methods . 21 5.4 Testing of host connected devices . 21 6 Test procedures . 21 6.1 General . 21 6.2 Descriptions . 22 6.2.1 Introduction. 22 6.2.2 Operating frequency range . 22 6.2.3 Total Power . 22 6.2.4 Peak e.i.r.p. . 23 6.2.5 Mean (average) e.i.r.p. . 23 6.2.6 Mean e.i.r.p. spectral density . 23 6.2.7 Power Duty Cycle . 23 6.2.8 Spectrum Access Duty Cycle. 24 6.2.9 Dwell time and repetition time . 24 6.2.10 Frequency modulation range. 24 6.2.11 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domains . 24 6.2.12 Receiver spurious emissions . 25 6.2.13 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signals handling. 25 6.3 Method of measurements of the EUT. 25 6.3.1 Introduction. 25 6.3.2 Operating Frequency Range . 25 6.3.3 Peak e.i.r.p. . 26 6.3.3.1 General . 26 6.3.3.2 Method with a spectrum analyser . 26 6.3.3.3 Method with an average power meter . 26 6.3.3.4 Method with a peak power meter . 26 6.3.4 Mean e.i.r.p. . 26 6.3.4.1 General . 26 6.3.4.2 Method with a spectrum analyser . 27 6.3.4.3 Method with an average power meter . 27 6.3.4.4 Method with a peak power meter . 27 6.3.5 Mean E.I.R.P spectral density . 27 6.3.6 Power Duty Cycle . 28 6.3.6.1 General . 28 6.3.6.2 Method with the spectrum analyser . 28 6.3.6.3 Alternative method with an oscilloscope . 28 6.3.6.3.1 Description . 28 6.3.6.3.2 General test setup . 28 6.3.7 Spectrum access duty cycle . 29 6.3.7.1 Introduction . 29 6.3.7.2 Measurement of spectrum access duty cycle. 30 6.3.8 Dwell time and repetition time . 30 6.3.8.1 Introduction . 30 6.3.8.2 Measurement of accumulated dwell time over a given observation time interval . 31 6.3.8.3 Measurement of a repeating dwell time . 32 6.3.9 Frequency modulation range. 32 6.3.9.1 Introduction . 32 6.3.9.2 Measurement of frequency modulation range . 33 6.3.10 Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band and spurious domains . 33 6.3.11 Receiver spurious emissions . 35 6.3.11.1 General . 35 6.3.11.2 Test set-up . 35 6.3.12 Receiver in-band, out-of-band and remote-band signals handling. 36 6.3.12.1 Introduction . 36 6.3.12.2 Test set-up . 36 SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 5 6.3.12.3 Test procedure . 36 6.3.12.4 Unwanted signals specification . 36 Annex A (normative): Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 37 A.1 Introduction . 37 A.2 Anechoic chamber . 37 A.3 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 38 A.4 Extreme conditions test . 39 A.4.1 Radio transparent temperature chamber . 39 A.4.2 Use of a test fixture . 39 A.4.2.0 General . 39 A.4.2.1 Characteristics . 39 A.4.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber . 40 A.4.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber . 42 A.5 Test antenna . 42 A.5.1 General . 42 A.5.2 Substitution antenna . 42 A.5.3 Measuring antenna . 43 Annex B (normative): Standard test methods . 44 B.1 Radiated test set-up calibrated by using the Rx link budget calculation . 44 B.2 Radiated test set-up calibrated by using substitution method. 44 Annex C (normative): Rx link budget calculation . 46 Annex D (normative): Measuring receivers . 49 D.1 General remarks . 49 D.2 Power Meter . 49 D.3 Spectrum analyser . 50 D.4 Signal analyser . 50 D.5 Oscilloscope . 51 Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 52 Annex F (informative): Change History . 53 History . 54
ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). It is intended to be used in conjunction with an appropriate harmonised standard for the purposes of assessing conformity with the Radio Equipment Directive [i.3].
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 5 December 2016 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 March 2017 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 September 2017 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 September 2017
Modal verbs terminology In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). "must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction Automotive and surveillance radar equipments are low power millimetre wave devices that are able to detect and characterize targets in their environment.
The following use cases are included (but are not limited to): • automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) applications, such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Blind Spot Detection (BSD), parking aid, backup aid, autonomous braking and Pre-Crash Systems (PCS); • surveillance radars for other kind of ground based vehicles, such as trains, trams, aircrafts while taxiing; • fixed infrastructure radars for traffic monitoring; • railway/road crossings obstacle detection radars; SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 7 • helicopter obstacle detection radars. Detailed information about use cases can be found in the related Harmonised Standards (ETSI EN 301 091-1 [i.7], ETSI EN 301 091-2 [i.8], ETSI EN 301 091-3 [i.9], ETSI EN 302 264 [i.10], ETSI EN 302 858 [i.11]). The current generation of radars uses mainly FMCW modulations, such as slow-ramp and fast-ramp (chirp or pulse compression) modulations. Radars may have multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas to enable adaptive field-of-views or digital beam forming. Scanning systems, electronically or mechanically, also exist on the market.
ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 8 1 Scope The present document describes possible measurement techniques and procedures for the conformance measurements applicable to automotive and surveillance radar equipments. The present document will be used as a reference for existing and future ETSI standards covering automotive and surveillance radar equipments. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] CISPR 16-1-1 (2006), CISPR 16-1-4 (2010) and CISPR 16-1-5 (2014): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [3] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". [4] ETSI TS 102 321 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validation of a fully lined anechoic chamber up to 40 GHz". [5] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz)". 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.2] ITU Radio Regulations. SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 9 [i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC. [i.4] Recommendation ITU-R SM.329-12 (2012): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.5] Recommendation ITU-R SM.328-11 (2006): "Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions". [i.6] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 (2006): "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions". [i.7] ETSI EN 301 091-1: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Ground based vehicular radar". [i.8] ETSI EN 301 091-2: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 2: Fixed infrastructure radar equipment". [i.9] ETSI EN 301 091-3: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 3: Railway/Road Crossings obstacle detection system applications". [i.10] ETSI EN 302 264: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Short Range Radar equipment operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Harmonised Standard covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU". [i.11] ETSI EN 302 858: "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Radar equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz or 24,05 GHz to 24,50 GHz range". [i.12] ECC Recommendation (07)01: "Frequency Measurements Using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Techniques". [i.13] ETSI TR 103 366: "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Time Domain based Low Duty Cycle Measurement Procedure". [i.14] ETSI EG 203 367 (V1.1.1): "Guide to the application of harmonised standards covering article 3.1b and 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio equipment". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: antenna cycle: one complete sweep of a mechanically or electronically scanned antenna beam along a predefined spatial path antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the solid angle of the antenna beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total solid angle scanned by the antenna associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the equipment averaging time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated blanking period: time period where no intentional emission occurs SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 10 boresight: direction of maximum gain of a directional antenna NOTE: EUT may have different boresights for TX and RX antennas. bumper: (automotive) generally 3D shaped plastic sheet normally mounted in front of the radar device co-located receiver: receiver is located in the same device housing as the transmitter cycle time: length of the time between periodic transmission patterns of the system NOTE: In case of a random pattern, a default value of 1 minute is used. duty cycle: ∑()/_ where Ton is the ON time of a single transmission and t_o is the observation period. Ton is measured in an observation frequency band (BW_o) dwell time: in general, time interval for which a certain frequency range is occupied NOTE: "Cumulated dwell time" is the sum of individual dwell times within a measurement time frame and in a defined frequency range. "Absolute dwell time" is the time from first entrance into a defined frequency range until last exit from a defined frequency range. Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna components which affect or influence its performance equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain) NOTE 1: See ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.161. NOTE 2: e.i.r.p. may be used for peak or mean (average) power and peak or mean (average) spectral power density. If not otherwise noted, e.i.r.p. refers to the mean (average) power. far field measurement: measurement at a distance from an antenna sufficient to ensure that the electro-magnetic field approximates a plane wave (see clause 5.3.2.3) illumination time: (for equipment with scanning antennas) time for which a given point in the far field is within the main beam(s) of the antenna(s) maximum power: maximum mean power with respect to azimuth and elevation (typically measured at antenna boresight) mean power: power during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation envelope NOTE 1: See ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.158. NOTE 2: For pulsed systems the mean power is equal to the peak envelope power (see ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.157) multiplied by the time gating duty factor. For CW systems without time gating the mean power is equal to the transmission power without modulation. operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency. operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed on a single carrier line. NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment can be adjusted. peak power: highest instantaneous power of the EUT SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 11 permitted frequency range(s): frequency range(s) within which the device is authorized to operate power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions NOTE: See ITU Radio Regulations [i.2], RR 1.157. power flux density: radiated power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth pulse radar: EUT which determines distance (range) by the time-of-flight of short radar pulses which are not frequency modulated Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as to cover all PRI variations Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs Radar Cross Section (RCS): cross-sectional area of a perfectly reflecting sphere that would produce the same strength reflection as would the object in question scanning (steerable) antenna: directional antenna which can move its beam along a predefined spatial path NOTE: Scanning can be realized by mechanical, electronical or combined means. The antenna beamwidth may stay constant or change with the steering angle, dependent on the steering method. second (2nd) harmonic: twice the frequency of the fundamental (e.g. 48 GHz for a 24 GHz device) spread spectrum modulation: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a relatively large portion of the frequency spectrum ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a wider frequency range 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: λ wavelength B (pulse) bandwidth BFH Bandwidth used for frequency hopping systems d largest dimension of the antenna aperture dB decibel dFF Far Field Distance E Field strength fc Carrier frequency fH highest frequency fL lowest frequency F Permitted frequency bandwidth F1 Low boundary between OOB and Spurious domains F2 High boundary between OOB and Spurious domains σ Radar Cross Section BW_o Observation bandwidth f_max Maximum frequency range of interest f_mod Modulation frequency range P_min Minimum relevant signal power PCORR Measured power corrected with regard to the RBW PMEASURED Measured power SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 12 RBW Resolution Bandwidth RBWREF Reference Resolution Bandwidth RBWMEASURED Resolution Bandwidth used for the measurements S Power Flux Density TC Chip period t_d1,2,3 Individual dwell time contributions t_d Dwell time t_o Observation time t_r Repetition time TP Total Power 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternating Current ACC Adaptive Cruise Control ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ATT ATTenuator BSD Blind Spot Detection BW BandWidth CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations CISPR Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques CW Continuous Wave DC Direct Current e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power EC European Commission ECC Electronic Communications Committee EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility ERC European Radiocommunication Committee EUT Equipment Under Test FFT Fast Fourier Transform FH Frequency Hopping FMCW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave FSK Frequency Shift Keying HS Harmonised Standards IF Intermediate Frequency LNA Low Noise Amplifier OBW Occupied BandWidth OOB Out-Of-Band PCS Pre-Crash System PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PRI Pulse Repetition Interval PSD Power Spectral Density RBW Resolution BandWidth RCS Radar Cross Section RE-D Radio Equipment Directive RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square RR ITU-R Radio Regulations Rx Receiver (Receive) SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SRD Short Range Device SRR Short Range Radar TTT Transport & Traffic Telematics Tx Transmitter UWB Ultra Wide Band VBW Video BandWidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio SIST EN 303 396 V1.1.1:2017

ETSI ETSI EN 303 396 V1.1.1 (2016-12) 13 4 General Considerations for performing the tests 4.1 Overview In this clause, all general considerations for the testing of short-range radar devices will be given. These considerations and requirements are related to the presentation of the products to be tested (see clause 4.2), the requirement for the EUT (see clause 4.3), the general test conditions (see clause 4.4), the reference bandwidth for the measurements (see clause 4.5) the interpretation of test results (see clause 4.6) and the test report (see clause 4.7). 4.2 Product information The following product information may be needed in order for the tests to be performed adequately and should be provided by the manufacturer, such as:
• relevant harmonised standard and environmental conditions of use/intended use; • the nominal power supply voltages of the stand-alone radio equipment or the nominal power supply voltages of the host equipment or combined equipment in case of plug-in radio devices; • the type of technology/modulation implemented in the equipment (e.g. pulse, pulse-Doppler, FMCW, etc.); • for all modulation schemes, the modulation parameters need to be provided: for example modulation period, ramp sweep time, modulation bandwidth; • high and low power modes; • the equipment power duty cycle; • the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment (see clause 6.3.2); • the normal installation orientation of the EUT; • the antenna polarization for both transmit and receive antennas; • the antenna boresight direction, as well as the antenna beamwidth, horizontal and vertical 3 dB points for both transmit and receive antennas; • details of any antenna switching or electronic or mechanical scanning. Where such features are present, information about whether they can be disabled for testing purposes should also be supplied; • the desired range of temperature (see clause 4.4.4.1.2), including the necessary warm-up settling time of the EUT; • information about equipment function to establish wanted performance criteria (clause 6.3.12). See related HS for more information (ETSI EN 301 091-1 [i.7], ETSI EN 301 091-2 [i.8], ETSI EN 301 091-3 [i.9], ETSI EN 302 264 [i.10] and ETSI EN 302 858 [i.11]). 4.3 Requirements for the EUT 4.3.1 EUT version and configuration Testing may be carried out on production or on equivalent versions of the equipment. NOTE: It is the responsibility of t
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