ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07)

Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
European Standard
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to
24,25 GHz frequency range for automotive application;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TGSRR-051-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
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3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Equipment under test . 9
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 9
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 9
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 10
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 10
5.2 External test power source. 10
5.3 Normal test conditions . 10
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 10
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 10
5.3.2.1 Test equipment voltage and nominal test voltage . 10
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 11
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 11
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 11
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 11
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 11
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 11
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 11
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 11
6 Measurement setup . 12
6.1 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 12
6.2 Test fixture . 12
6.2.1 Characteristics . 12
6.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber . 13
6.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber . 14
6.3 RF cables . 15
6.4 Measuring receiver . 15
6.4.1 Frequency-selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer . 15
6.4.2 Signal analyzer . 16
6.4.3 Amplitude calibration . 16
7 Limits for transmitter parameters and methods of measurements . 17
7.1 Introduction . 17
7.2 Frequency, power limits and spectrum access conditions . 17
7.3 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19
7.3.1 Definition . 19
7.3.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.3.3 Limits . 20
7.4 Maximum radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) . 20
7.4.1 Definition . 20
7.4.2 Method of measurement . 20
7.4.3 Limits . 21
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
7.5 Dwell time and repetition time . 21
7.5.1 Definition . 21
7.5.2 Methods of measurement . 21
7.5.2.1 Signal analysis measurement . 21
7.5.2.2 Measurement of dwell time for a single dwell time event per 40 kHz in 3 ms (category C1) . 23
7.5.2.3 Measurement of cumulated dwell time for more than one dwell time event per 40 kHz in 3 ms
(category C2) . 24
7.5.2.3.1 Statistical measurement procedure . 24
7.5.2.3.2 Verification procedure . 25
7.5.2.4 Measurement of absolute dwell time per 40 kHz (category D) . 26
7.5.2.5 Measurement of repetition time for absolute dwell times per 40 kHz (category D) . 27
7.5.3 Limits . 29
7.6 Frequency modulation range . 29
7.6.1 Definition . 29
7.6.2 Method of measurement . 30
7.6.3 Limits . 30
7.7 Radiated spurious emissions. 30
7.7.1 Definition . 30
7.7.2 Method of measurement . 30
7.7.3 Limits . 31
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 31
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 31
8.1.1 Definition . 31
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 31
8.1.3 Limit . 32
9 Interpretation of test results and measurement uncertainty . 32
9.1 Interpretation of the measurement results . 32
9.2 Absolute measurement uncertainty . 33
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 34
A.1 General requirements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields. 34
A.2 Test Sites . 35
A.2.1 Outdoor test site . 35
A.2.2 Indoor test site . 36
A.2.3 Shielded anechoic test site . 37
A.2.3.1 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 37
A.2.3.2 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 37
A.3 Antennas . 39
A.3.1 Test antenna . 39
A.3.2 Substitution antenna . 39
A.3.3 Artificial antenna . 39
A.4 Test practice and auxiliary test equipment . 40
A.5 Measuring distance . 40
A.5.1 Standard position . 40
A.5.2 Auxiliary cables . 40
Annex B (normative): Installation requirements . 41
B.1 Installation requirements of 24 GHz Narrow Band Short Range Radar (NB SRR) systems . 41
Annex C (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 42
C.1 Assumptions . 42
C.2 Example . 42
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 43
History . 44

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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This final draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards
Two-step Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and needs to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [i.3].
For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive 95/54/EC [i.3] compliance with an EMC directive/standard
appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the
24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range for automotive application, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range intended for Narrow Band Short Range Radar
(NB SRR) for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications such as Automotive Cruise Control (ACC),
Collision Warning, Anti-Collision (AC) systems, obstacle detection, Stop and Go, blind spot detection, parking aid,
precrash, backup aid and other safety relevant automotive applications.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for narrowband short range radar
equipment fitted with integral antennas and applies to transmitters and receivers with integral antennas operating in all
or part of the range from 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers only NB SRR equipment for vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.4] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.5].
Table 1 shows the frequency bands as designated to narrow band short range radar devices.
Table 1: Narrow band short range radar devices frequency of operation
Frequency Bands/frequencies Applications
Transmit and Receive 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz Short range radar for vehicle applications

2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] CEPT/ECC Report #134 on analysis of potential impact of mobile Vehicle Radars (VR) on Radar
Speed Meters (RSM) operating at 24 GHz.
[i.3] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.4] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.5] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] ITU-R Recommendation SM.328-10: "Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions".
[i.8] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329: "Variation of the boundary between the out-of-band and
spurious domains".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
bumper: generally 3D shaped plastic sheet normally mounted in front of the NB SRR
co-located receiver: receiver is located in the same module box as the transmitter
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
dwell time: in general, a time interval for which a certain frequency range is occupied
NOTE: "Cumulated dwell time" is the sum of individual dwell times within a measurement time frame
and in a defined frequency range.
"Absolute dwell time" is the time from first entrance into a defined frequency range until last exit from a
defined frequency range.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
DT Dwell Time
DT0 Average dwell time value
E Field strength
f Carrier frequency
c
f the frequency of the upper marker resulting from the OBW function

H
f the frequency of the lower marker resulting from the OBW function

L
FMCW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (transmission)
G Antenna gain
a
NB Narrow Band
P Radiated power
rad
R Distance
RSM Radar Speed Meters
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
T Dwell time
dw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ac alternating current
AC Anti-Collision systems
ACC Automotive Cruise Control
dB decibel
DC Direct Current
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FFT Fast Forward Transfer
FH Frequency Hopping
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
NB SRR Narrow Band Short Range Radar
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
OBW Occupied BandWidth
RBW Resolution BandWidth
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
Rx Receiver (Receive)
SA Spectrum Analyzer
SRD Short Range Device
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Equipment under test
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [i.3] shall be done on
the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods
(clause 7). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex B.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and is tested as a stand alone assembly. The EUTs
test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.2).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
If an equipment is designed to operate with different powers, measurements of each transmitter parameter shall be
performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
All measurements shall be preceded by calibrated measurements according to annex A.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Test equipment voltage and nominal test voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following ranges as declared by the provider:
• Temperature category I: -10 °C to +55 °C.
• Temperature category II: -20 °C to +55 °C.
• Temperature category III: -40 °C to +70 °C.
The manufacturer can specify a wider temperature range than given as a minimum above. The test report shall state
which range is used.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
6 Measurement setup
6.1 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated
measurements
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements
shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a
minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna
aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions).
6.2 Test fixture
The test fixture may be used to facilitate measurements for equipment having an integral antenna, if required even under
extreme conditions. Tests on radiated signals may be carried out using the test fixture. For tests of unwanted emissions
in the spurious domain, the test fixture bandwidth shall be used up to 50 GHz. If this is not the case, a radiated
measurement according to annex A shall be used.
6.2.1 Characteristics
The fixture is a radio frequency device for coupling the integral antenna of the NB SRR to a 50 Ω RF terminal at all
frequencies for which measurements need to be performed.
The test fixture shall be fully described.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide:
a) a connection to an external power supply;
b) a method to provide the input to or output from the equipment. This may include coupling to or from the
antenna. The test fixture could also provide the suitable coupling means e.g. for data or video outputs.
The test fixture is normally be supplied by the provider.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be approved by the testing laboratory and shall conform to the
following basic parameters:
a) the coupling loss shall not be greater than 30 dB;
b) adequate bandwidth properties;
c) a coupling loss variation over the frequency range used for the measurement shall not exceed 2 dB;
d) circuitry associated with the RF coupling shall contain no active or non-linear devices;
e) the VSWR at the 50 Ω socket shall not be more than 1,5 over the frequency range of the measurements;
f) the coupling loss shall be independent of the position of the test fixture and be unaffected by the proximity of
surrounding objects or people. The coupling loss shall be reproducible when the equipment under test is
removed and replaced. Normally, the text fixture is in a fixed position and provides a fixed location for the
EUT;
g) the coupling loss shall remain substantially constant when the environmental conditions are varied.
The coupler attenuation of the test-fixture may amount to a maximum of the noise level of the measurement instrument
+10 dB. If the attenuation is too high, a linear LNA can be used outside the test-fixture.
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13 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)

Placement and
50 Ω
location of the EUT
connector
Test-fixture
50 Ω attenuator
Field probe or small antenna
Figure 1: Test fixture
The field probe (or small antenna) needs to be properly terminated.
The characteristics and validation shall be included in the test report.
6.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber
The test fixture is brought into a temperature chamber (only needed if test fixture measurements performed under
extreme temperature conditions).
Step 1
A transmit antenna connected to a signal generator shall be positioned from the test-fixture at a far field distance of not
less than one λ at the frequency. The test fixture consists of the mechanical support for the EUT, an antenna or field
probe and a 50 Ω attenuator for proper termination of the field probe. The test fixture shall be connected to a spectrum
analyzer via the 50 Ω connector. A signal generator shall be set on the EUT's nominal frequency (see figure 2). The
unmodulated output power of the signal generator shall be set to a value such that a sufficiently high level can be
observed with the spectrum analyzer. This reference value shall be recorded. The signal generator shall then be set to
the upper and the lower band limit of the EUT's assigned frequency band. The measured values shall not deviate more
than 1 dB from the value at the nominal frequency.

Figure 2: Validation of test fixture without EUT
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14 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
Step 2
During validation and testing the EUT shall be fitted to the test fixture in a switched-off mode, see figure 3. The
measurements of step 1 shall be repeated, this time with the EUT in place. The measured values shall be compared with
those from step 1 and shall not vary by more than 2 dB. This shows that the EUT does not cause any significant
shadowing of the radiated power.

Figure 3: Validation of test fixture with EUT in place
6.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber
Here, the signal generator and the transmit antenna are removed. The EUT is DC supplied via an external power supply
(see figure 4). In case of a battery operated EUT that is supplied by a temporary power supply as well as temporary
signal- and control line, a decoupling filter shall be installed directly at the EUT in order to avoid parasitic,
electromagnetic radiation.
At the 50 Ω port of the test fixture, a measuring receiver is connected for recording the quantities of interest.

Figure 4: Measurement of EUT performance in temperature chamber
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15 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
6.3 RF cables
All RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of
coaxial type conforming to the below requirements for the used frequency range:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
All RF cables shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation pattern, antenna gain, antenna
impedance.
NOTE: Further details are provided in TR 102 273-2 [3].
6.4 Measuring receiver
Measuring receivers include spectrum analyzers, signal analyzers and comparable instruments.
If no measuring receiver is available for directly processing 24 GHz input signals, then an external down-converter is
used to shift the frequency range 24,0 GHz to 24,3 GHz towards a frequency range covered by the available measuring
receiver (see figure 5). The pre-amplifier has to be chosen such that the amplitude of the measured signals is well above
the sensitivity level of the measuring receiver.

Figure 5: Using a down-converter in front of a measuring receiver
6.4.1 Frequency-selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer
For measuring simple quantities like occupied bandwidth, a frequency-selective voltmeter or a spectrum analyzer are
suitable measurement receivers.
The measurement bandwidth of the measuring receiver shall, where possible, be according to CISPR 16 [1]. In order to
obtain the required sensitivity, a narrower measurement bandwidth may be necessary, and in such cases, this shall be
stated in the test report form. The bandwidth of the measuring receiver shall be as given in table 2.
Table 2: Measuring receiver characteristic
Frequency range: (f) Measuring receiver bandwidth
100 kHz to 120 kHz
30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 000 MHz
f > 1 000 MHz 1 MHz
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16 Final draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-05)
6.4.2 Signal analyzer
For measuring complex parameters like frequency versus time, a signal analyzer is a suitable measuring receiver.
Alternative approaches giving comparable information may also be used.
Signal analyzers are either available as a stand-alone instrument or as a combination of several components (multi-box,
see table 3).
Table 3: Example of a signal analyzer measurement equipment set-up
if composed of several
...

Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to
24,25 GHz frequency range for automotive application;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

2 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TGSRR-051-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
ETSI
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Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010.
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ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Equipment under test . 9
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 9
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 9
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 10
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 10
5.2 External test power source. 10
5.3 Normal test conditions . 10
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 10
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 10
5.3.2.1 Test equipment voltage and nominal test voltage . 10
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 11
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 11
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 11
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 11
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 11
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 11
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 11
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 11
6 Measurement setup . 11
6.1 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 11
6.2 Test fixture . 12
6.2.1 Characteristics . 12
6.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber . 13
6.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber . 14
6.3 RF cables . 15
6.4 Measuring receiver . 15
6.4.1 Frequency-selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer . 15
6.4.2 Signal analyzer . 16
6.4.3 Amplitude calibration . 16
7 Limits for transmitter parameters and methods of measurements . 17
7.1 Introduction . 17
7.2 Frequency, power limits and spectrum access conditions . 17
7.3 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19
7.3.1 Definition . 19
7.3.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.3.3 Limits . 20
7.4 Maximum radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) . 20
7.4.1 Definition . 20
7.4.2 Method of measurement . 20
7.4.3 Limits . 21
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
7.5 Dwell time and repetition time . 21
7.5.1 Definition . 21
7.5.2 Methods of measurement . 21
7.5.2.1 Signal analysis measurement . 21
7.5.2.2 Measurement of dwell time for a single dwell time event per 40 kHz in 3 ms (category C1) . 23
7.5.2.3 Measurement of cumulated dwell time for more than one dwell time event per 40 kHz in 3 ms
(category C2) . 24
7.5.2.3.1 Statistical measurement procedure . 24
7.5.2.3.2 Verification procedure . 25
7.5.2.4 Measurement of absolute dwell time per 40 kHz (category D) . 26
7.5.2.5 Measurement of repetition time for absolute dwell times per 40 kHz (category D) . 28
7.5.3 Limits . 29
7.6 Frequency modulation range . 29
7.6.1 Definition . 29
7.6.2 Method of measurement . 29
7.6.3 Limits . 30
7.7 Radiated spurious emissions. 30
7.7.1 Definition . 30
7.7.2 Method of measurement . 30
7.7.3 Limits . 30
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 31
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 31
8.1.1 Definition . 31
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 31
8.1.3 Limit . 32
9 Interpretation of test results and measurement uncertainty . 32
9.1 Interpretation of the measurement results . 32
9.2 Absolute measurement uncertainty . 32
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 33
A.1 General requirements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields. 33
A.2 Test Sites . 34
A.2.1 Outdoor test site . 34
A.2.2 Indoor test site . 35
A.2.3 Shielded anechoic test site . 36
A.2.3.1 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 36
A.2.3.2 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 36
A.3 Antennas . 38
A.3.1 Test antenna . 38
A.3.2 Substitution antenna . 38
A.3.3 Artificial antenna . 38
A.4 Test practice and auxiliary test equipment . 39
A.5 Measuring distance . 39
A.5.1 Standard position . 39
A.5.2 Auxiliary cables . 39
Annex B (normative): Installation requirements . 40
B.1 Installation requirements of 24 GHz Narrow Band Short Range Radar (NB SRR) systems . 40
Annex C (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 41
C.1 Assumptions . 41
C.2 Example . 41
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 42
History . 43
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase
of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and needs to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [i.3].
For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive 95/54/EC [i.3] compliance with an EMC directive/standard
appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the
24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range for automotive application, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range intended for Narrow Band Short Range Radar (NB
SRR) for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications such as Automotive Cruise Control (ACC),
Collision Warning, Anti-Collision (AC) systems, obstacle detection, Stop and Go, blind spot detection, parking aid,
precrash, backup aid and other safety relevant automotive applications.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for narrowband short range radar
equipment fitted with integral antennas and applies to transmitters and receivers with integral antennas operating in all
or part of the range from 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers only NB SRR equipment for vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.4] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.5].
Table 1 shows the frequency bands as designated to narrow band short range radar devices.
Table 1: Narrow band short range radar devices frequency of operation
Frequency Bands/frequencies Applications
Transmit and Receive 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz Short range radar for vehicle applications

2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
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7 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] CEPT/ECC Report #134 on analysis of potential impact of mobile Vehicle Radars (VR) on Radar
Speed Meters (RSM) operating at 24 GHz.
[i.3] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.4] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.5] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] ITU-R Recommendation SM.328-10: "Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions".
[i.8] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329: "Variation of the boundary between the out-of-band and
spurious domains".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
bumper: generally 3D shaped plastic sheet normally mounted in front of the NB SRR
co-located receiver: receiver is located in the same module box as the transmitter
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
dwell time: in general, a time interval for which a certain frequency range is occupied
NOTE: "Cumulated dwell time" is the sum of individual dwell times within a measurement time frame
and in a defined frequency range.
"Absolute dwell time" is the time from first entrance into a defined frequency range until last exit from a
defined frequency range.
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
DT Dwell Time
E Field strength
f Carrier frequency
c
FMCW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (transmission)
G Antenna gain
a
NB Narrow Band
P Radiated power
rad
R Distance
RSM Radar Speed Meters
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
T Dwell time
dw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ac alternating current
AC Anti-Collision systems
ACC Automotive Cruise Control,
dB decibel
DC Direct Current
DT0 Average dwell time value
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FFT Fast Forward Transfer
FH Frequency Hopping
f the frequency of the upper marker resulting from the OBW function

H
f the frequency of the lower marker resulting from the OBW function

L
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
NB SRR Narrow Band Short Range Radar
OBW Occupied BandWidth
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
Rx Receiver (Receive)
SA Spectrum Analyzer
SRD Short Range Device
Tx Transmitter
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Equipment under test
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [i.3] shall be done on
the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods
(clause 7). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex B.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and is tested as a stand alone assembly. The EUTs
test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.2).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
If an equipment is designed to operate with different powers, measurements of each transmitter parameter shall be
performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
All measurements shall be preceded by calibrated measurements according to annex A.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Test equipment voltage and nominal test voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
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11 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 Measurement setup
6.1 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated
measurements
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements
shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a
minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna
aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions).
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12 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
6.2 Test fixture
The test fixture may be used to facilitate measurements for equipment having an integral antenna, if required even under
extreme conditions. Tests on radiated signals may be carried out using the test fixture. For tests of unwanted emissions
in the spurious domain, the test fixture bandwidth shall be used up to 50 GHz. If this is not the case, a radiated
measurement according to annex A shall be used.
6.2.1 Characteristics
The fixture is a radio frequency device for coupling the integral antenna of the NB SRR to a 50 Ω RF terminal at all
frequencies for which measurements need to be performed.
The test fixture shall be fully described.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide:
a) a connection to an external power supply;
b) a method to provide the input to or output from the equipment. This may include coupling to or from the
antenna. The test fixture could also provide the suitable coupling means e.g. for data or video outputs.
The test fixture is normally be supplied by the provider.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be approved by the testing laboratory and shall conform to the
following basic parameters:
a) the coupling loss shall not be greater than 30 dB;
b) adequate bandwidth properties;
c) a coupling loss variation over the frequency range used for the measurement shall not exceed 2 dB;
d) circuitry associated with the RF coupling shall contain no active or non-linear devices;
e) the VSWR at the 50 Ω socket shall not be more than 1,5 over the frequency range of the measurements;
f) the coupling loss shall be independent of the position of the test fixture and be unaffected by the proximity of
surrounding objects or people. The coupling loss shall be reproducible when the equipment under test is
removed and replaced. Normally, the text fixture is in a fixed position and provides a fixed location for the
EUT;
g) the coupling loss shall remain substantially constant when the environmental conditions are varied.
The coupler attenuation of the test-fixture may amount to a maximum of the noise level of the measurement instrument
+10 dB. If the attenuation is too high, a linear LNA can be used outside the test-fixture.

Placement and
50 Ω
location of the EUT
connector
Test-fixture
50 Ω attenuator
Field probe or small antenna
Figure 1: Test fixture
The field probe (or small antenna) needs to be properly terminated.
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13 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
The characteristics and validation shall be included in the test report.
6.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber
The test fixture is brought into a temperature chamber (only needed if test fixture measurements performed under
extreme temperature conditions).
Step 1
A transmit antenna connected to a signal generator shall be positioned from the test-fixture at a far field distance of not
less than one λ at the frequency. The test fixture consists of the mechanical support for the EUT, an antenna or field
probe and a 50 Ω attenuator for proper termination of the field probe. The test fixture shall be connected to a spectrum
analyzer via the 50 Ω connector. A signal generator shall be set on the EUT's nominal frequency (see figure 2). The
unmodulated output power of the signal generator shall be set to a value such that a sufficiently high level can be
observed with the spectrum analyzer. This reference value shall be recorded. The signal generator shall then be set to
the upper and the lower band limit of the EUT's assigned frequency band. The measured values shall not deviate more
than 1 dB from the value at the nominal frequency.

Figure 2: Validation of test fixture without EUT
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14 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
Step 2
During validation and testing the EUT shall be fitted to the test fixture in a switched-off mode, see figure 3. The
measurements of step 1 shall be repeated, this time with the EUT in place. The measured values shall be compared with
those from step 1 and shall not vary by more than 2 dB. This shows that the EUT does not cause any significant
shadowing of the radiated power.

Figure 3: Validation of test fixture with EUT in place
6.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber
Here, the signal generator and the transmit antenna are removed. The EUT is DC supplied via an external power supply
(see figure 4). In case of a battery operated EUT that is supplied by a temporary power supply as well as temporary
signal- and control line, a decoupling filter shall be installed directly at the EUT in order to avoid parasitic,
electromagnetic radiation.
At the 50 Ω port of the test fixture, a measuring receiver is connected for recording the quantities of interest.

Figure 4: Measurement of EUT performance in temperature chamber
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15 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
6.3 RF cables
All RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of
coaxial type conforming to the below requirements for the used frequency range:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
All RF cables shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation pattern, antenna gain, antenna
impedance.
NOTE: Further details are provided in TR 102 273-2 [3].
6.4 Measuring receiver
Measuring receivers include spectrum analyzers, signal analyzers and comparable instruments.
If no measuring receiver is available for directly processing 24 GHz input signals, then an external down-converter is
used to shift the frequency range 24,0 GHz to 24,3 GHz towards a frequency range covered by the available measuring
receiver (see figure 5). The pre-amplifier has to be chosen such that the amplitude of the measured signals is well above
the sensitivity level of the measuring receiver.

Figure 5: Using a down-converter in front of a measuring receiver
6.4.1 Frequency-selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer
For measuring simple quantities like occupied bandwidth, a frequency-selective voltmeter or a spectrum analyzer are
suitable measurement receivers.
The measurement bandwidth of the measuring receiver shall, where possible, be according to CISPR 16 [1]. In order to
obtain the required sensitivity, a narrower measurement bandwidth may be necessary, and in such cases, this shall be
stated in the test report form. The bandwidth of the measuring receiver shall be as given in table 2.
Table 2: Measuring receiver characteristic
Frequency range: (f) Measuring receiver bandwidth
100 kHz to 120 kHz
30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 000 MHz
f > 1 000 MHz 1 MHz
ETSI
16 Draft ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.1.1 (2010-04)
6.4.2 Signal analyzer
For measuring complex parameters like frequency versus time, a signal analyzer is a suitable measuring receiver.
Alternative approaches giving comparable information may also be used.
Signal analyzers are either available as a stand-alone instrument or as a combination of several components (multi-box,
see table 3).
Table 3:
...

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Short range radar equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range for automotive application - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods35.240.60Uporabniške rešitve IT v transportu in trgoviniIT applications in transport and trade33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 858-1 Version 1.2.1SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011en01-september-2011SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 2
Reference DEN/ERM-TGSRR-051-1 Keywords radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
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Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 5 Foreword . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 References . 6 2.1 Normative references . 6 2.2 Informative references . 7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7 3.1 Definitions . 7 3.2 Symbols . 8 3.3 Abbreviations . 8 4 Equipment under test . 9 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 9 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 9 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 9 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 10 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 10 5.2 External test power source. 10 5.3 Normal test conditions . 10 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 10 5.3.2 Normal test power source . 10 5.3.2.1 Test equipment voltage and nominal test voltage . 10 5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 10 5.4 Extreme test conditions . 11 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 11 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 11 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 11 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 11 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 11 5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 11 6 Measurement setup . 11 6.1 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 11 6.2 Test fixture . 12 6.2.1 Characteristics . 12 6.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber . 13 6.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber . 14 6.3 RF cables . 15 6.4 Measuring receiver . 15 6.4.1 Frequency-selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer . 15 6.4.2 Signal analyzer . 16 6.4.3 Amplitude calibration . 16 7 Limits for transmitter parameters and methods of measurements . 17 7.1 Introduction . 17 7.2 Frequency, power limits and spectrum access conditions . 17 7.3 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19 7.3.1 Definition . 19 7.3.2 Method of measurement . 19 7.3.3 Limits . 20 7.4 Maximum radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) . 20 7.4.1 Definition . 20 7.4.2 Method of measurement . 20 7.4.3
Limits . 21 7.5 Dwell time and repetition time . 21 SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 4 7.5.1 Definition . 21 7.5.2 Methods of measurement . 21 7.5.2.1 Signal analysis measurement . 21 7.5.2.2 Measurement of dwell time for a single dwell time event per 40 kHz in 3 ms (category C1) . 23 7.5.2.3 Measurement of cumulated dwell time for more than one dwell time event per 40 kHz in 3 ms (category C2) . 24 7.5.2.3.1 Statistical measurement procedure . 24 7.5.2.3.2 Verification procedure . 25 7.5.2.4 Measurement of absolute dwell time per 40 kHz (category D) . 26 7.5.2.5 Measurement of repetition time for absolute dwell times per 40 kHz (category D) . 27 7.5.3 Limits . 29 7.6 Frequency modulation range . 29 7.6.1 Definition . 29 7.6.2 Method of measurement . 30 7.6.3 Limits . 30 7.7 Radiated spurious emissions. 30 7.7.1 Definition . 30 7.7.2 Method of measurement . 30 7.7.3 Limits . 31 8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 31 8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 31 8.1.1 Definition . 31 8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 31 8.1.3 Limit . 32 9 Interpretation of test results and measurement uncertainty . 32 9.1 Interpretation of the measurement results . 32 9.2 Absolute measurement uncertainty . 33 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 34 A.1 General requirements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields. 34 A.2 Test Sites . 35 A.2.1 Outdoor test site . 35 A.2.2 Indoor test site . 36 A.2.3 Shielded anechoic test site . 37 A.2.3.1 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 37 A.2.3.2 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 37 A.3 Antennas . 39 A.3.1 Test antenna . 39 A.3.2 Substitution antenna . 39 A.3.3 Artificial antenna . 39 A.4 Test practice and auxiliary test equipment . 40 A.5 Measuring distance . 40 A.5.1 Standard position . 40 A.5.2 Auxiliary cables . 40 Annex B (normative): Installation requirements . 41 B.1 Installation requirements of 24 GHz Narrow Band Short Range Radar (NB SRR) systems . 41 Annex C (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 42 C.1 Assumptions . 42 C.2 Example . 42 Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 43 History . 44
ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to automotive EMC type approval and needs to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [i.3].
For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive 95/54/EC [i.3] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range for automotive application, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 5 July 2011 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2011 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 April 2012 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 6 1 Scope The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz frequency range intended for Narrow Band Short Range Radar (NB SRR) for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications such as Automotive Cruise Control (ACC), Collision Warning, Anti-Collision (AC) systems, obstacle detection, Stop and Go, blind spot detection, parking aid, precrash, backup aid and other safety relevant automotive applications. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for narrowband short range radar equipment fitted with integral antennas and applies to transmitters and receivers with integral antennas operating in all or part of the range from 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document covers only NB SRR equipment for vehicles. The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.4] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.5]. Table 1 shows the frequency bands as designated to narrow band short range radar devices. Table 1: Narrow band short range radar devices frequency of operation
Frequency Bands/frequencies Applications Transmit and Receive 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz Short range radar for vehicle applications
2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [3] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 7 2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)". [i.2] CEPT/ECC Report #134 on analysis of potential impact of mobile Vehicle Radars (VR) on Radar Speed Meters (RSM) operating at 24 GHz. [i.3] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers. [i.4] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). [i.5] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public". [i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.7] ITU-R Recommendation SM.328-10: "Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions". [i.8] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329: "Variation of the boundary between the out-of-band and spurious domains". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna bumper: generally 3D shaped plastic sheet normally mounted in front of the NB SRR co-located receiver: receiver is located in the same module box as the transmitter duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random depends on how the device is triggered. dwell time: in general, a time interval for which a certain frequency range is occupied NOTE: "Cumulated dwell time" is the sum of individual dwell times within a measurement time frame and in a defined frequency range. "Absolute dwell time" is the time from first entrance into a defined frequency range until last exit from a defined frequency range. Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna components which affect or influence its performance SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 8 equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain". e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density. far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d2/λ, where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT) 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: DT Dwell Time DT0 Average dwell time value E Field strength fc Carrier frequency fH the frequency of the upper marker resulting from the OBW function fL the frequency of the lower marker resulting from the OBW function FMCW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (transmission) Ga Antenna gain NB Narrow Band Prad Radiated power R Distance RSM
Radar Speed Meters Ro Reference distance Rx Receiver Tdw Dwell time Tx Transmitter 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ac alternating current AC Anti-Collision systems ACC Automotive Cruise Control dB decibel DC Direct Current e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power ECC Electronic Communications Committee EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility ERC European Radiocommunication Committee EUT Equipment Under Test FFT Fast Forward Transfer FH Frequency Hopping FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave IF Intermediate Frequency LNA Low Noise Amplifier NB SRR Narrow Band Short Range Radar SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 9 OBW Occupied BandWidth RBW Resolution BandWidth R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment RF Radio Frequency RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics Rx Receiver (Receive) SA Spectrum Analyzer SRD Short Range Device Tx Transmitter VBW Video BandWidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 4 Equipment under test 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [i.3] shall be done on the vehicle. The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing. Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be supplied. The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clause 7). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex B. Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions. The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and is tested as a stand alone assembly. The EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.2). These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies. 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory. If an equipment is designed to operate with different powers, measurements of each transmitter parameter shall be performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate. 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services. 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing. SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 10 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions. The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4. All measurements shall be preceded by calibrated measurements according to annex A. 5.2 External test power source During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment. During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements. 5.3 Normal test conditions 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: • temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C; • relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report. 5.3.2 Normal test power source The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. 5.3.2.1 Test equipment voltage and nominal test voltage The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz. 5.3.2.2 Other power sources For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report. SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 11 5.4 Extreme test conditions 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period. If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur. 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following ranges as declared by the provider: • Temperature category I: -10 °C to +55 °C. • Temperature category II: -20 °C to +55 °C. • Temperature category III: -40 °C to +70 °C. The manufacturer can specify
a wider temperature range than given as a minimum above. The test report shall state which range is used. 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage ±10 %. 5.4.2.2 Other power sources For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report. 6 Measurement setup 6.1 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d2/λ, where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement. Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions).
ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 12 6.2 Test fixture The test fixture may be used to facilitate measurements for equipment having an integral antenna, if required even under extreme conditions. Tests on radiated signals may be carried out using the test fixture. For tests of unwanted emissions in the spurious domain, the test fixture bandwidth shall be used up to 50 GHz. If this is not the case, a radiated measurement according to annex A shall be used. 6.2.1 Characteristics The fixture is a radio frequency device for coupling the integral antenna of the NB SRR to a 50 Ω RF terminal at all frequencies for which measurements need to be performed. The test fixture shall be fully described. In addition, the test fixture shall provide: a) a connection to an external power supply; b) a method to provide the input to or output from the equipment. This may include coupling to or from the antenna. The test fixture could also provide the suitable coupling means e.g. for data or video outputs.
The test fixture is normally be supplied by the provider. The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be approved by the testing laboratory and shall conform to the following basic parameters: a) the coupling loss shall not be greater than 30 dB; b) adequate bandwidth properties; c) a coupling loss variation over the frequency range used for the measurement shall not exceed 2 dB; d) circuitry associated with the RF coupling shall contain no active or non-linear devices; e) the VSWR at the 50 Ω socket shall not be more than 1,5 over the frequency range of the measurements; f) the coupling loss shall be independent of the position of the test fixture and be unaffected by the proximity of surrounding objects or people. The coupling loss shall be reproducible when the equipment under test is removed and replaced. Normally, the text fixture is in a fixed position and provides a fixed location for the EUT; g) the coupling loss shall remain substantially constant when the environmental conditions are varied. The coupler attenuation of the test-fixture may amount to a maximum of the noise level of the measurement instrument +10 dB. If the attenuation is too high, a linear LNA can be used outside the test-fixture.
Test-fixture Field probe or small antenna 50 Ω attenuator 50 Ω connector Placement and location of the EUT
Figure 1: Test fixture The field probe (or small antenna) needs to be properly terminated. SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 13 The characteristics and validation shall be included in the test report. 6.2.2 Validation of the test fixture in the temperature chamber The test fixture is brought into a temperature chamber (only needed if test fixture measurements performed under extreme temperature conditions). Step 1 A transmit antenna connected to a signal generator shall be positioned from the test-fixture at a far field distance of not less than one λ at the frequency. The test fixture consists of the mechanical support for the EUT, an antenna or field probe and a 50 Ω attenuator for proper termination of the field probe. The test fixture shall be connected to a spectrum analyzer via the 50 Ω connector. A signal generator shall be set on the EUT's nominal frequency (see figure 2). The unmodulated output power of the signal generator shall be set to a value such that a sufficiently high level can be observed with the spectrum analyzer. This reference value shall be recorded. The signal generator shall then be set to the upper and the lower band limit of the EUT's assigned frequency band. The measured values shall not deviate more than 1 dB from the value at the nominal frequency.
Figure 2: Validation of test fixture without EUT SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 14 Step 2 During validation and testing the EUT shall be fitted to the test fixture in a switched-off mode, see figure 3. The measurements of step 1 shall be repeated, this time with the EUT in place. The measured values shall be compared with those from step 1 and shall not vary by more than 2 dB. This shows that the EUT does not cause any significant shadowing of the radiated power.
Figure 3: Validation of test fixture with EUT in place 6.2.3 Use of the test fixture for measurement in the temperature chamber Here, the signal generator and the transmit antenna are removed. The EUT is DC supplied via an external power supply (see figure 4). In case of a battery operated EUT that is supplied by a temporary power supply as well as temporary signal- and control line, a decoupling filter shall be installed directly at the EUT in order to avoid parasitic, electromagnetic radiation. At the 50 Ω port of the test fixture, a measuring receiver is connected for recording the quantities of interest.
Figure 4: Measurement of EUT performance in temperature chamber SIST EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 15 6.3 RF cables All RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial type conforming to the below requirements for the used frequency range: • a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω; • a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end; • a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB. All RF cables shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation pattern, antenna gain, antenna impedance. NOTE: Further details are provided in TR 102 273-2 [3]. 6.4 Measuring receiver Measuring receivers include spectrum analyzers, signal analyzers and comparable instruments. If no measuring receiver is available for directly processing 24 GHz input signals, then an external down-converter is used to shift the frequency range 24,0 GHz to 24,3 GHz towards a frequency range covered by the available measuring receiver (see figure 5). The pre-amplifier has to be chosen such that the amplitude of the measured signals is well above the sensitivity level of the measuring receiver.
Figure 5: Using a down-converter in front of a measuring receiver 6.4.1 Frequency-selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer For measuring simple quantities like occupied bandwidth, a frequency-selective voltmeter or a spectrum analyzer are suitable measurement receivers. The measurement bandwidth of the measuring receiver shall, where possible, be according to CISPR 16 [1]. In order to obtain the required sensitivity, a narrower measurement bandwidth may be necessary, and in such cases, this shall be stated in the test report form. The bandwidth of the measuring receiver shall be as given in table 2. Table 2: Measuring receiver characteristic Frequency range: (f) Measuring receiver bandwidth 30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 000 MHz 100 kHz to 120 kHz f > 1 000 MHz 1 MHz
ETSI ETSI EN 302 858-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 16 6.4.2 Signal analyzer For measuring complex parameters like frequency versus time, a signal analyzer is a suitable measuring receiver. Alternative approaches giving comparable information may also be used. Signal analyzers are either available as a stand-alone instrument or as a combination of several components (multi-box, see table 3). Table 3: Example of a signal analyzer measurement equipment set-up
if composed of several components 50 Ohm input port A/D conversion and memory Data cable Personal computer with spectrogram software
The result of measurements using a signal analyzer is the spectrogram, showing time on the x-axis, frequency on the
y-axis and the amplitude as colour-coded dots (see example in figure 6). Using a marker, also quantitative power levels can be read out for a certain time, frequency-position.
Figure 6: Example of spectrogram measurement result 6.4.3 Amplitude calibration To determine e.i.r.p. values, the readings from the measuring receiver (including a pos
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