ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Energy management; Operational infrastructures;
Implementation of Global KPIs;
Part 2: Specific requirements;
Sub-part 2: Fixed broadband access networks

2 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)

Reference
RTS/ATTM-0248
Keywords
broadband, energy efficiency,
energy management
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Global KPIs of ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 . 11
4.1 Fixed broadband access networks . 11
4.2 KPIs for energy management . 11
4.2.1 Global KPI (KPI ) for fixed access networks . 11
EM
4.2.2 Objective KPIs . 12
4.2.2.1 Energy consumption (KPI ) . 12
EC
4.2.2.1.1 General . 12
4.2.2.1.2 CP-powered equipment within the calculation of KPI . 13
EC
4.2.2.1.3 Measurement (and estimation) of total energy consumption . 14
4.2.2.2 Task effectiveness (KPI ) . 15
TE
4.2.2.2.1 General . 15
4.2.2.2.2 Measurement of data volumes . 16
4.2.2.3 Renewable energy (KPI ) . 17
REN
4.2.2.3.1 General . 17
4.2.2.3.2 Measurement of renewable energy consumption . 17
5 Collection of data . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Estimation of energy consumption and renewable content . 19
5.2.1 Energy consumption . 19
5.2.1.1 Overview . 19
5.2.1.2 Energy bills . 20
5.2.1.3 Meters installed by the operator (smart metering) . 20
5.2.1.4 Energy consumption provided by the equipment . 20
5.2.1.5 Network and location sharing . 21
5.2.2 Renewable energy . 21
5.3 Data related to traffic . 21
5.4 Clarification of data . 21
5.5 Treatment of data types . 22
6 Trend analysis . 22
6.1 Overview . 22
6.2 Renewable energy sources . 24
6.3 Intelligent management . 24
6.4 Summary of possible actions to improve KPI . 25
EM
6.5 Reporting of trend data . 25
7 Reporting templates . 25
Annex A (informative): Fixed Access Networks and Energy . 27
A.1 Network energy consumption and supply . 27
A.2 Energy consumption trends . 27
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4 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
Annex B (informative): Change History . 31
History . 32

ETSI
5 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
List of figures
Figure 1: Fixed access network implementations .11
Figure 2: Data collection architecture .18
Figure 3: Data processing and reporting architecture .19
Figure 4: Schematic of fixed access network energy consumption .19
Figure 5: Growth of traffic data rate per W .23
Figure A.1: Trends in data volume .28
Figure A.2: Trends in data volume increase (annual).28
Figure A.3: Trends in energy consumption and sourcing.29
Figure A.4: Trends in energy consumption and sourcing.29
Figure A.5: Trends in KPI .30
TE
Figure A.6: Trends in KPI increase (annual) .30
TE
ETSI
6 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
List of tables
Table 1: Techniques for improvement of KPI .25
EM
Table 2: Template for fixed network report .26
Table A.1: Renewable energy source solutions .27

ETSI
7 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission
and Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document is part 2, sub-part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Energy management; Operational
infrastructures; Implementation of Global KPIs, as identified below:
ETSI EN 305 200-1: "General requirements";
ETSI TS 105 200-2: "Specific requirements":
Sub-part 1: "ICT Sites";
Sub-part 2: "Fixed broadband access networks";
Sub-part 3: "Mobile broadband access networks";
Sub-part 4: "Cable Access Networks";
ETSI TS 105 200-3: "ICT sites";
ETSI EN 305 200-4: "Design assessments".
NOTE: Part 2 of this series has also been produced as EN and ES.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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8 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
Introduction
ICT energy needs and costs will continue to increase in the future, while new fixed generations will be deployed and
will introduce new active dedicated equipment in the global network architecture.
In this context, and to reflect environmental aspects of sustainability, it is essential for telecommunications network
operators to implement effective general engineering of fixed broadband networks and sites provisioning, managing or
using those networks (i.e. ICT sites) in order to respond to critical issues of energy consumption. To guide this process,
it is essential that metrics are defined that enable energy usage to be managed more effectively.
The Global Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the ETSI EN 305 200 series [1] address operational infrastructures
and do not consider design or operation of individual components comprising those infrastructures.
The present document specifies the deployment of Global KPIs for energy management (KPIEM) for the fixed access
networks of broadband deployment specified in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2].
The fixed access network described in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] includes all the active components or parts of the
access network.
ETSI
9 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
1 Scope
The reporting of Global KPIs in accordance with ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] requires the collection of data to enable the
calculation of the following aspects:
• Objective KPI relating to task efficiency (KPI ) based on data_volume and total energy consumption (KPI ).
TE EC
• Objective KPI relating to the use of renewable energy (KPI ).
REN
The present document supports the requirements of ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] providing a framework for, and detailing,
the implementation procedures including any necessary techniques for estimation of energy consumption together with
clarification and treatment of different types of data volume.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 305 200 series: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Operational infrastructures; Global KPIs".
[2] ETSI EN 305 200-2-2: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Operational infrastructures; Global KPIs; Part 2: Specific requirements; Sub-part 2:
Fixed broadband access networks".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
Not applicable.
ETSI
10 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] and the following apply:
Access Gateway (AG): gateway that interworks a significant number of analogue lines to a packet network
downstream: relative location in the fixed access network in the direction of Network Termination Point
fixed access network: access network provided by telecommunications operators providing direct connection (e.g. by
metallic, optical fibre or fixed wireless or community WiFi) to customer premises where the User Equipment (UE) or
the Access Gateway (AG) is connected directly by a fixed link
NOTE: This modifies and updates the definition of ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2].
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA): means of providing internet connectivity that uses wireless network technology rather
than fixed lines
Management Information Base (MIB): database allowing management of ICT devices using Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP)
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC): network architecture that supports increases in data processing and storage at
the edge of a fixed access network (closer to end-user) to reduce latency
Other Licensed Operator (OLO): provider of wireless communications services that owns or controls all the elements
necessary to sell and deliver services to an end user including wireline network infrastructure, backhaul infrastructure,
billing, customer care, provisioning computer systems and marketing and repair organizations
upstream: relative location in the fixed access network in the direction of an operator site
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] apply.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] and the following apply:
AG Access Gateway
ATM Automated Teller Machine
FTTdp Fiber To The distribution point
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
FXS Foreign eXchange Station
LL Leased Line
MEC Multi-access Edge Computing
MIB Management Information Base
OLO Other Licensed Operator
ONT Optical Network Termination
PoS Point of Sale
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
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11 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
4 Global KPIs of ETSI EN 305 200-2-2
4.1 Fixed broadband access networks
The network schematic used in the present document is shown in Figure 1 (taken from of ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2]).
Access
network Customer
(internal)
Access network (external) network
Transport Distribution
OS Remote ICT site LOC
Single tenant
premises
Copper local loop
FTTC
FTTH
Multi-tenant
premises
FTTB
Figure 1: Fixed access network implementations
Within the Fixed Access Network (FAN), the term Network Distribution Node (NDN) is employed to describe a variety
of aggregations of Network Telecommunications Equipment (NTE) at locations between the Operator Site (OS) and the
Terminal Equipment (TE) in the Customer Premises (CP).
The Last Operator Connection point (LOC) is shown as a specific example of an NDN and is the closest NDN
containing NTE to a CP.
Figure 1 shows certain NDNs within dashed boxes to indicate that they are:
• optional;
• not restricted in number to the configurations shown.
4.2 KPIs for energy management
4.2.1 Global KPI (KPI ) for fixed access networks
EM
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2], KPI is a combination of two separate KPIs, in a common assessment period, as
EM
follows:
1) the Objective KPI for task effectiveness expressed as KPI (see clause 4.2.2.2);
TE
2) the Objective KPI for renewable energy contribution expressed as KPI (see clause 4.2.2.3);
REN
and both of these Objective KPIs incorporate a third Objective KPIs for energy consumption expressed as KPI (see
EC
clause 4.2.2.1).
ETSI
NTP NTNTPP
12 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2], KPI is defined as:
EM
data _ volume
in conjunction with KPI
REN
KPI =
TE
KPI
EC
The Global KPI, KPI , and the underpinning Objective KPIs are primarily intended for trend analysis - not to enable
EM
comparison between fixed access networks.
4.2.2 Objective KPIs
4.2.2.1 Energy consumption (KPI )
EC
4.2.2.1.1 General
The present document supports the evaluation of the energy consumption required to provide a given level of service as
a primary objective.
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2], KPI , for a given assessment period, is defined mathematically as:
EC
∑ ∑
=+
where, for the assessment period:
i = index of OS
j = index of NDN sites
N = total number of OS
M = total number of NDN sites
C
= energy consumption of all the fixed access network NTE at OS
i
OS
i
NOTE 1: C includes the energy consumption of the supporting infrastructure at OSs where all the NTE is under
OS
common governance.
C = energy consumption of all the fixed access network NTE at NDN supplied from the utility, from
j
NDN
j
upstream sources or generated on-site
NOTE 2: C includes the energy consumption of the supporting infrastructure at NDNs where all the NTE is
NDN
under common governance.
The note text in the explanations of the parameters are taken from ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2]. However, it should be
noted that network and location sharing (see clause 5.2.1.5) implies that not all NTE at OS and NDN sites is under
common governance and the present document refines the approach taken in such situations.
The above formula and terms do not take account of equipment that is powered by third parties including Access
Gateways (AG), Fiber To The distribution point (FTTdP) equipment (G-FAST) and Optical Network Termination
(ONT) equipment powered by the end-user. This is not addressed in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] and the inclusion of such
equipment requires a modification to the above formula (see clause 4.2.2.1.2).
It has to be considered that a fixed access network is complex and consists of a large number of distributed sites
accommodating ultra-broadband equipment. A typical Operator has many thousand sites, up to tens of thousands. The
number of sites is predicted to increase further with the development of higher speed networks such as G-FAST and of
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA).
KPI can be either measured or estimated:
EC
• KPI is the energy consumption obtained through direct measurement by the MNO or electricity
EC-measured
supplier, or provided by another MNO if equipment is co-located in the OS or the NDN;
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13 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
• KPI is the energy consumption obtained through direct measurement by the MNO or electricity
EC-estimated
supplier, or provided by another MNO if equipment is co-located in the OS or the NDN.
NOTE 3: This is applied in mixed, "access/core", network sites where equipment of other network segments is
present (core, fixed access, etc.) and the energy split is not made through continuous measurement.
Estimation is also needed for the energy consumed by network equipment in small cells, powered from
CP as described in clause 4.2.2.1.2.
4.2.2.1.2 CP-powered equipment within the calculation of KPI
EC
4.2.2.1.2.1 General
The presence of CP-powered equipment within the fixed access network requires an amendment of the formula for
KPI of clause 4.2.2.2.1 as follows:
EC
= ∑+ ∑+
with:
= ∑
where, for the assessment period:
k = index of AG, FTTdp and ONT equipment
P = total number of AG, FTTdp, ONT equipment under consideration
= energy portion of the consumption of CP-powered AG, FTTdp, FTTH ONT or FWA equipment k

(see clauses 4.2.2.1.2.2, 4.2.2.1.2.3, 4.2.2.1.2.4, 4.2.2.1.2.5 and 4.2.2.1.2.6 respectively)
4.2.2.1.2.2 AG FXS VoIP
The progressive trend towards the dismission of legacy narrowband platforms (the digital switches) should be
considered.
The digital switches represent the majority of the energy consumption of many operators. They are coming of age as
they were installed in the early "nineties". Furthermore, the progressive use of broadband services, of Voice over IP
(VoIP) and of mobile telephony for voice calls has drastically reduced the number of customers to these legacy services.
Switching off the digital switches can produce huge reduction in energy use of fixed access networks.
Although drastically reduced, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is still widely used (elderly people, Point of
Sale (PoS) equipment, alarms, etc.). It is then normal to replace the original service from the digital switch with VoIP
delivery via the Foreign eXchange Service (FXS) port of an AG. Such provision of the PSTN service needs the
following considerations:
• the AG needs to be always on. It cannot be switched off when broadband service is not in use;
• the energy to support such service is provided by the customer (legacy equipment was powered by the
operator);
• "lifeline" service can be a problem. Need to install an opportune power backup (e.g. UPS) at the AG in case
lifeline service needs to be guaranteed.
The consumption of such equipment even if it is not directly accounted for by the operator, has an integral role in
providing the fixed access network services and should be part of the KPI .
EC
The AG module dedicated to the delivery of VoIP via FXS needs to remain active at all times and its consumption can
be estimated as 25 % of the maximum AG energy consumption (as specified in the equipment's technical specification).
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14 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
4.2.2.1.2.3 Access Gateway support of WiFi community service
Among the services fixed (or converged fixed-mobile) network operators are giving to their customers is the WiFi
community service. It allows subscribing customers to connect to other hotspots of the same community when they are
outside their home, or even abroad. Typically, a subscribing customer accepts to share a part of the bandwidth of their
fixed broadband access with the other members of the same community, on a second Wi-Fi signal (WiFi community
SSID), in exchange for the right to use other members' hotspots.
The AG module dedicated to WiFi community support need to remain active at all times and its consumption can be
estimated as 25 % of the maximum AG energy consumption (as specified in the equipment's technical specification).
4.2.2.1.2.4 CP-powered distribution points
In order to deliver very high speeds, in excess of 250 Mb/s, without incurring is the costs and network development
issues of the FTTH, modern transmission technologies are being introduced with Fiber To The distribution points
(FTTdp), acting as LOCs, to accommodate G-FAST DSLAMs and, typically, serving only a very limited number of
users based on very short loop lengths.
Given their very high number, powering such equipment is problematic and would imply excessive infrastructural costs.
So, the trend is to feed them through "reverse powering" from the CP providing power to the G-FAST DSLAMs in the
distribution point using the same copper pair(s) used to convey the broadband signal to the CP.
The FTTdp equipment can be deployed in different places such as:
• hanging on poles;
• underground in maintenance chambers;
• in basements of multi-dwelling units.
The consumption of the G-FAST DSLAMs, when all ports are in active condition, has to be considered within the
calculation of KPI .
EC
The estimation of this consumption of FTTdp powered by the CP can be made by multiplying the quantity of such
equipment by its maximum energy consumption.
4.2.2.1.2.5 FTTH ONT
FTTH service is increasingly used as it allows virtually unlimited bit rate capabilities. FTTH normally requires the
installation of an Optical Network Termination (ONT) at the customer premises to terminate the optical access network
operation and maintenance functions.
The consumption of the ONT, when in active condition, has to be considered within the calculation of KPI .
EC
4.2.2.1.2.6 Fixed Wireless Access
Among the services of operators, FWA is typically used to deliver high-speed broadband in a cost-effective way where
deployment of telecommunications cabling (optical or copper) would be impractical. The consumption of the TE of
FWA services (that can be integrated in the antenna) needs to be accounted for.
4.2.2.1.3 Measurement (and estimation) of total energy consumption
As indicated above KPI (as either KPI or KPI ) is the arithmetic sum of the consumption of all the
EC EC-measured EC-estimated
NTE of the fixed access network, together with the energy consumed by their supporting infrastructure where all the
NTE is under common governance. The supporting infrastructure considers powering; cooling; lighting and any further
ancillary equipment in the fixed access network sites.
As described in detail in clause 5.2.1, the consumption information sources can be:
• the utility meter, through the fiscal energy billing;
• a sensor and metering network installed by the fixed operator;
• energy consumption estimation;
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15 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
• consumption of CP-powered equipment (see clause 4.2.2.1.2).
Although the primary objective of present document is the evaluation of KPIs of a fixed access network only, in some
cases it could prove difficult to apportion the consumption of mixed-use sites, that are hosting both access and core
network equipment and even offices for the operator's employees. This could lead to extensive need to split by
estimation of the shares due to the various network segments (see clause 5.2.1.5).
This complexity is going to increase as the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) equipment is going to spread across
the access network sites. In such a case, in addition to NTE, other infrastructures composed of ITE will be present in the
ICT site. In order to simplify the task for the operator and to improve dependability of the data, it could then be
acceptable that the consumption of the MEC ITE equipment, up to that of the whole fixed network is used as KPI .
EC
The approach chosen on the network boundaries considered will have to be declared in the reporting template.
KPI is expressed in kWh; the unit for consumption of electricity which is the main source of energy in fixed access
EC
networks. Nevertheless, other energy vectors can be part of the total energy consumption such as: diesel oil used in gen-
sets that power off-grid, remote sites, natural gas used in high efficiency CHP co/tri-generators. The additional use of
energy from different sources than electricity has to be converted from the original form into kWh.
Requirements or recommendations in relation to the improvement of the energy consumption of the NTE and support
infrastructures are not within the scope of the present document.
It is desirable that the actual energy consumption of all relevant NTE and supporting infrastructure equipment is
measured and used to calculate the KPI. However, in situations where direct measurement of the consumption is not
possible, the maximum consumption of the equipment contained within the vendors technical specifications may be
used. This latter approach will result in a generally higher value of KPI . This will encourage the implementation of
EC
methodologies to enable the direct measurements to be made.
4.2.2.2 Task effectiveness (KPI )
TE
4.2.2.2.1 General
The present document supports the evaluation of the task effectiveness as a primary objective.
KPI is a measure of the data volume transported across the fixed access network per unit of energy consumed by the
TE
entire network.
An improvement of KPI reflects a reduction of the overall energy consumption required to deliver a given data
TE
volume (which is noted by a reduction in KPI ) and/or an increase in the data volume provided for a given level of
EC
energy consumption.
, for a given assessment period, is defined mathematically as:
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2], KPITE
N
data _ volume

i
i=1
KPI =
TE
KPI
EC
where, for the assessment period:
KPI = total of KPI and KPI
EC EC-measured EC-estimated
i = index of the site
N = total number of sites
data _ volume = total data volume at the site i (which can be measured at the highest hierarchical level which
i
provides clear and unambiguous data)
In order to obtain the total data volume, it is not necessary to measure the data traffic at each site as an aggregated view
of data volume can be obtained by measurement at the core level or other location in the network where data are
aggregated.
This represents a wider interpretation to that given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2].
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16 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
4.2.2.2.2 Measurement of data volumes
The measurement of the total data volume transported across the fixed network could be made at different probing
points, from each NDN, up to the core network. Nevertheless, measuring at each NDN is quite complex both due to the
quantity of equipment involved and the lack of such probing points in legacy equipment. Practical reasons favour the
measurement at high level network points (towards the boundaries between access and core network) as they are
significantly less numerous and, anyway, in today's network architecture all the data traffic is crossing them. The
introduction of MEC will introduce new paths for the data flow as a relevant part of the data served to customers will
not cross the core network anymore, but will be limited to the extreme downstream part of the access network. In order
to ensure that the data traffic of these future fixed services is accounted for, each MEC installation shall be provided
with data flow measurement features.
Some legacy technologies are expressing the traffic in other terms than bit rate. PSTN and ISDN voice traffic, as an
example, is expressed in minutes of call. To determine the data traffic contribution of such technologies it is then
needed to convert the minutes of calls using the following formulas:
Traffic = 72 [kbits/s] × 60 [s/minutes] × CALL × 2 (bi-directional data flow)
voicePSTN million minutes
where:
Trafficvoice = data volume equivalent (Gbit) of total call time of the FAN
CALLmillion minutes = total call time (in millions of minutes) over the FAN
NOTE: The "72 [kbit/s]" values comprises the bit rate for the call itself + an additional bit rate for the signalling
and framing overhead.
Among the services of the operator there are LL. Their data traffic has to be counted but the actual amount of traffic of
the LL is not known as the operator knows only its nominal bit rate which is the maximum data rate such interface
could transport. It is not reasonable to count the maximum theoretical as no data interface is used at 100 % of its
capabilities. To the objectives of the present document, a utilization factor of 5 % is considered.
A broad number of types of LL has been created along the time and it would be impractical to perform a detailed and
exhaustive calculation so, to simplify the evaluation by operators, a grouping of families of LL is applied:
1) analogic or digital (less than 64 kbit/s) - in this case, an average value of 32 kbit/s is considered for the
calculation);
2) N × 64 kbit/s - in this case, the average value assigned to N is 2: this category includes the connections
towards the Automated Teller Machines (ATM);
3) 2 Mbit/s (these connections, together with the N × 64 kbit/s, are the most numerous);
4) 34 Mbit/s;
5) 155 Mbit/s;
6) 1 Gbit/s (this class contains optical fibre LL).
Considering K as a class for a given rated speed of a LL, the annual traffic of a group of such LLs is given by the
following formula:
=  × 0,05 × 31 536 ×
where:
LLTrafficK = annual traffic expressed in Gbps for class K
Rated speed = rated speed for class K
K
LL = no. of leased lines of class K
K
ETSI
17 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
4.2.2.3 Renewable energy (KPI )
REN
4.2.2.3.1 General
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2], KPI , for a given assessment period, is defined mathematically as:
REN
NM
CR×+ C ×R

OSOS NDN NDN
iij j
ij==11
KPI =
REN
KPI
EC
where, for the assessment period:
i = index of OS
j = index of NDN sites
N = total number of OS
M = total number of NDN sites
C = energy consumption of all the fixed access network NTE at OS
i
OS
i
C = energy consumption of all the fixed access network NTE at NDN supplied from the utility, from
j
NDN
j
upstream sources or generated on-site
R
= ratio of renewable energy generated on-site at OS
i
OS
i
R = ratio of renewable energy generated on-site at NDN
j
NDN
j
KPIREN is the ratio of energy consumption from renewable sources to the total energy consumption of clause 4.2.2.1. It
is a dimensionless number.
Equipment powered by the CP (as described in clause 4.2.2.1.2) are not considered within calculations of KPIREN unless
the energy source is under the control of the operator.
4.2.2.3.2 Measurement of renewable energy consumption
ETSI EN 305 200-2-2 [2] and the present document support the use of renewable energy as a primary objective.
KPI is the ratio of energy consumption from renewable sources to the total energy consumption of clause 4.2.2.1. It
REN
is a dimensionless number.
Only the sources contributing to KPI will be taken into account, whether dedicated or shared.
EC
KPI takes account of renewable energy that is produced by:
REN
a) sources dedicated to and directly serving an NDN;
b) sources under common governance with the NDNs they serve and from which it is conveyed by the utility
(grid) serving an NDNs in the group defined for the application of the KPI .
EM
In the case of b):
• the renewable energy shall not be included within KPI of the recipient site if it is already included in the
REN
proportion of "green" energy within the energy mix of the utility (grid) supplied to the NDN as defined in
European standards or other international schemes;
NOTE: Any proportion in the mix of utility electricity supplies certified as "renewable" (e.g. based on the carbon
footprint of the energy source) by electricity suppliers or in accordance with nationally recognized
schemes is not recognized by the present document.
ETSI
18 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
• the portion of such energy allocated to the recipient NDN added to other NDN consumptions shall not exceed
the overall energy consumption by the NDN.
5 Collection of data
5.1 General
The data collection provides the input for KPI calculation. Data are obtained from different sources at the sites or
equipment comprising the fixed access network as described in clause 4.
This clause describes the origin of the data and the way they could be collected.
It is not within the scope of the present document to provide a detailed view of FAN equipment. However, some basic
information is required to allow the calculation of the Objective KPIs.
Information related to energy consumption can be collected from different sources as described in clause 5.2.1.1. Once
the data are collected by the operator, they will have to be stored in a database to be analysed and sorted for providing
the KPIs and help stakeholders in the management and improvement of their energy usage.
A certain level of basic information is required to calculate the different indicators (see clause 4.2.2). Partial
information, or a too high level of extrapolation will not give a realistic view of the energy consumption, KPI , task
EC
efficiency, KPI , and renewable energy usage, KPI . This will also falsify the results of the global indicator KPI .
TE REN EM
Figure 2 is a schematic view of data collection and storage which excludes any contribution of energy provided from
CPs.
Access
network
Customer
(internal)
Access network (external) network
Transport Distribution
OS Remote ICT site LOC
Single tenant
premises
Copper local loop
FTTC
FTTH
Multi-tenant
premises
FTTB
Database
= measurement point
Data
analysis
Reports
Figure 2: Data collection architecture
ETSI
NTP NTNTPP
19 ETSI TS 105 200-2-2 V1.3.1 (2019-12)
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the several steps to produce reporting for the KPIs.
Measure Collect Data
Store data Report
on-site information processing
Meters, bills, Data collected, Data stored in Data sorted
other methods centralized and database and analyzed
transferred to a to produce the
central KPI
management
system
Figure 3: Data processing and repo
...