ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)

ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)





.
Technical Specification
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Measurement method for energy efficiency of
wireless access network equipment

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2 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)



Reference
RTS/EE-EEPS00022ed131
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2013.
All rights reserved.

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DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

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3 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assessment method . 10
4.1 Assessment levels . 10
4.2 Assessment procedure . 10
5 Calculation method for energy efficiency . 11
5.1 RBS equipment energy consumption . 11
5.1.1 Reference configurations for Static energy consumption . 11
5.1.2 Reference configurations for Dynamic energy consumption . 12
5.2 Calculation method for integrated RBS . 12
5.2.1 Definition of power consumption in static method . 12
5.2.2 Definition of power consumption in dynamic method . 12
5.3 Calculation method for distributed RBS . 13
5.3.1 Definition of power consumption for distributed RBS in static method . 13
5.3.2 Definition of power consumption for distributed RBS in dynamic method . 13
5.4 RBS site power consumption . 13
5.5 Energy efficiency . 16
5.5.1 Energy efficiency for GSM . 16
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5.5.2 Energy efficiency for WCDMA/LTE/WiMAX . 17
6 Measurement methods for RBS power consumption . 18
6.1 Measurement basics . 18
6.1.1 General . 19
6.1.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 20
6.1.3 UE performance requirements . 21
6.2 Measurement conditions . 22
6.2.1 RBS Configuration . 22
6.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 22
6.2.3 Environmental conditions . 22
6.2.4 Power supply . 22
6.3 Static measurement procedure . 23
6.3.1 Coverage measurement method . 23
6.4 Dynamic measurement procedure . 24
6.4.1 UE distribution for dynamic test method . 24
6.4.2 Throughput setup . 25
6.4.3 Error tolerance for equal distributed resources . 27
7 Measurement report . 27
Annex A (normative): Measurement Reports . 28
Annex B (normative): RBS site parameters . 32
Annex C (normative): Coverage area definition . 33
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 35
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4 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 37
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 39
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Annex G (normative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 42
Annex H (normative): Definition of load level . 44
Annex I (informative): Uncertainty assessment . 46
Annex J (informative): Example assessment . 48
Annex K (informative): Derivation of formula in clause 6.4.3 . 50
History . 53

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5 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factor of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of the
access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Hence the core network
and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the access network, the power consumption of
the Radio Base Station node sites (later referred as RBS sites) is dominating and the power consumption of Radio
Network Control nodes (RNC or BSC) are not considered in the present document.
The present document defines harmonized methods to evaluate the energy efficiency of wireless access networks. In
order to do that, the present document provides definitions for the following indicators:
• Average power consumption of RBS equipment in clause 5.1: The RBS average power consumption is based
on measured RBS power consumption under reference configuration, reference environment and under
reference load levels.
• Average power consumption of RBS site in clause 5.2: The RBS site level power consumption is calculated
based on RBS equipment power consumption for reference RBS site configuration using correction factors for
different power supply, cooling and site solutions.
• Performance indicators for network level energy efficiency for wireless systems in clause 5.3: The network
level performance indicators are calculated based on RBS site level reference power consumption as well as
based on RBS coverage area for rural area and RBS capacity for urban area.
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6 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
1 Scope
The present document defines a method to analyse the energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment.
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• LTE.
• WCDMA.
TM
• WiMAX .
As the RBS power consumption is the dominant part of total power consumption of wireless access network, the present
document covers methods which take into account only the RBS site power consumption when defining the total power
consumption of wireless access networks. In the dynamic measurement, functionalities located in RNC or BSC node,
which may have a significant impact on power consumption of base station nodes, are also considered.
The methodology described in the present document to measure energy efficiency consists of two parts. Within the
present document they are referred to as static and dynamic measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the RBS power consumption provide a power consumption figure for
RBS under static load and without radio network features activated. The results based on "dynamic" measurements of
the RBS power consumption provide a power consumption figure for RBS with dynamic load and with radio network
features activated, i.e. including the functionalities located in the radio network controller e.g. BSC/RNC.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the energy efficiency of equipment or networks.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the efficiency of mobile radio network equipment from different
vendors featuring the same mobile radio standard and frequency band.
The present document does not cover multi RAT. Only Wide Area Base Stations are covered in this version. Other type
of RBS will be considered in a future version of the present document.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
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7 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
[5] Void.
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141)".
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for
Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] NIST Technical Note 1297: "Guidance for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of NIST
measurement results".
[i.2] ISO/IEC Guide 98: 1995: "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)".
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity level: traffic model in dynamic measurement is divided into three activity levels corresponding to low-,
medium- and busy hour traffic
activity time: time to generate data from the server to at least one UE (in the scenario for dynamic measurement this
corresponds to the transmission time for the UE group with highest path loss)
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
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8 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed RBS: RBS architecture which contains remote radio heads (RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting RBS to network infrastructure
dynamic measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different activity levels and path losses
energy efficiency: relation between the useful output and energy/power consumption
integrated RBS: RBS architecture in which all RBS elements are located close to each other for example in one or two
cabinets
NOTE: The integrated RBS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
IPERF: allows the user to set various parameters that can be used for testing a network, or alternately for optimizing or
tuning a network
NOTE: IPERF has a client and server functionality, and can measure the throughput between the two ends, either
unidirectonally or bi-directionally. It is open source software and runs on various platforms including
Linux, Unix and Windows. It is supported by the National Laboratory for Applied Network Research.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
power consumption: power consumed by a device to achieve an intended application performance
power saving feature: feature which contributes to decreasing power consumption compared to the case when the
feature is not implemented
Radio Base Station (RBS): network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the user terminal
(through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
RBS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage RBS locally
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the RBS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations
telecommunication network: network which provides telecommunications between Network Termination Points
(NTPs)
UE group: group of UEs whose pathlosses to the RBS are identical
Wide Area Base stations: Base Stations that are characterized by requirements derived from Macro Cell scenarios with
a BS to UE minimum coupling loss equals to 70 dB according to 3GPP standardization
wireless access network: telecommunications network in which the access to the network (connection between user
terminal and network) is implemented without the use of wires
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
BER Bit Error Rate
BH Busy Hour
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
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9 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CF Cooling Factor
CFC Cooling Factor for Central part
CFRRH Cooling Factor for Remote Radio Head
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
EC Energy for Central part
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
ERRH Energy for Remote Radio Part
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
IPERF See the definition part
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NTP Network Termination Point
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PFF Power Feeding Factor
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSF Power Supply Factor
PSFC Power Supply correction Factor for Central part
PSFRRH Power Supply correction Factor for Remote Radio Head
RAT Radio Access Technology
RBS Radio Base Station
RF Radio Frequency
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRBS Reference models for RBS sites
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RSS Root Sum of Squares
RX Receiver
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
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10 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
SN Signal-to-Noise
SW SoftWare
TD Time during one Duty cycle
TF Tolerance Factor
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TP ThroughPut
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TX Transmitter
UDP User Data Protocol
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
4.1 Assessment levels
The present document defines a three level assessment method to be used to evaluate energy efficiency of wireless
access networks. The three levels are:
• RBS equipment average power consumption for which the present document defines reference RBS
equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring RBS power consumption.
• RBS site average power consumption which is based on measured RBS equipment power consumption and
site level correction factors defined in the present document. The RBS site power consumption can be used to
compare different equipment at site level.
• Network level performance indicators which are based on RBS site energy consumption as well as site
coverage, site capacity. These indicators provide a means to evaluate the energy efficiency at network level
taking into account not only site level energy consumption but also features to improve network coverage and
capacity.
4.2 Assessment procedure
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
• Identify RBS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
• List RBS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D to H).
• Measure RBS equipment power consumption for required load levels. (see clause 6).
• KPI calculation procedure according to:
1) Calculate RBS equipment average power consumption according to equations 5.1 to 5.4 (see clause 5.1).
2) List required RBS site level correction factors (annex B).
For GSM undertake the following:
8G. Calculate cell coverage area for 3 sectors as done in annex C formula (C.6).
9G. Define cell capacity and energy consumption (annex D).
10G. Calculate the KPI for EE performance indicators.
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11 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
For WCDMA undertake the following:
8W. Calculate cell coverage area for 3 sectors as done in annex C formula (C.6).
9W. Define cell capacity and energy consumption (For static method annex E, for dynamic method
annex H).
10W. Calculate the KPI for EE performance indicators.
For LTE undertake the following:
8L. Calculate cell coverage area for 3 sectors as done in annex C formula (C.6).
9L. Measure cell capacity and energy consumption (For static method annex F, for dynamic method
annex H).
10L. Calculate the KPI for EE performance indicators.
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For WiMAX undertake the following:
8WM. Calculate cell coverage area for 3 sectors as done in annex C formula (C.6).
9WM. Define cell capacity and energy consumption (annex G).
10WM. Calculate the KPI for EE performance indicators.
Collect and report the measurement results.
5 Calculation method for energy efficiency
5.1 RBS equipment energy consumption
The RBS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through
air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC), i.e. within the present document a RBS is defined as
one or more BTS or one Node B ([i.3] and [2]).
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the RBS capacity, shall be included in the RBS configuration during testing.
Static as well as dynamic energy consumption measurements are defined.
5.1.1 Reference configurations for Static energy consumption
For static RBS equipment power consumption measurements the following items are specified for each system in
annexes D to G:
• Reference configuration(s).
• Frequency bands.
• Load levels.
Power Savings features implemented independently in RBS i.e. not requiring any other network element (for example
BSC, RNC) to run the feature except activation and deactivation can be used during testing. Such features shall be listed
in the measurement report.
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12 ETSI TS 102 706 V1.3.1 (2013-07)
5.1.2 Reference configurations for Dynamic energy consumption
For dynamic RBS equipment energy consumption measurements the following items are specified for each system in
annexes E to H:
• Reference configuration(annexes E and F).
• Frequency bands (annexes E and F).
• Traffic load levels (annex H).
• Traffic case (annex H).
Power Savings features and other radio and traffic related features implemented in BSC/RNC and RBS can be used
during the testing. Such features shall be listed in the measurement report.
5.2 Calculation method for integrated RBS
5.2.1 Definition of power consumption in static method
The power consumption of integrated RBS equipment in static method is defined for three different load levels as
follows:
• P is the power consumption [W] with busy hour load.
BH
• P is the power consumption [W] with medium term load.
med
• P is the power consumption [W] with low load.
low
The loads are defined for a given system. The model covers voice and/or data hour per hour. The models are provided
in the annexes D to G.
The average power con
...