ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
01-februar-2007
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Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Radar equipment operating in the 76
GHz to 77 GHz range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods for radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301 091-1 Version 1.3.3
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
transportu in trgovini and trade
SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007

ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods for
radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 2 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)



Reference
REN/ERM-TG31B-049-1
Keywords
radar, radio, testing, SRD, RTTT, short range
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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 3 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions.7
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.9
4 Technical requirements specifications.9
4.1 Equipment requirements for testing purposes .9
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing .10
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design.10
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment .10
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results .10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .10
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .10
5.2 External test power source.11
5.3 Normal test conditions.11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.11
5.3.2 Normal test power source .11
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.11
5.3.2.2 Other power sources.11
5.4 Extreme test conditions .11
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.11
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.11
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.12
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.12
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.12
5.4.2.2 Other power sources.12
6 General conditions.12
6.1 Test fixture.12
6.1.1 Calibration.13
6.1.2 General requirements for RF cables and waveguides .14
6.1.3 Shielded anechoic chamber.14
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .15
7.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies.15
7.1.1 Definition.15
7.1.2 Method of measurement.15
7.1.3 Limits.16
7.2 Radiated spatial power density.16
7.2.1 Definition.16
7.2.2 Method of measurement.16
7.2.2.1 Equipment with a fixed beam antenna (i.e. non-steerable by either mechanical or electronic
means) .16
7.2.2.2 Equipment with (electronically or mechanically) steerable antenna(s).17
7.2.3 Limits.17
7.2.3.1 Equipment with fixed beam antenna.17
7.2.3.2 Equipment with (electronically or mechanically) steerable antennas .17
7.3 Out-of-band emissions.18
7.3.1 Definitions.18
7.3.2 Measuring receiver.18
7.3.3 Method of measurement.18
ETSI

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 4 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
7.3.4 Limits.19
7.4 Radiated spurious emissions.19
7.4.1 Definition.19
7.4.2 Measuring receiver.19
7.4.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious emissions.19
7.4.4 Limits.20
8 Receiver.20
8.1 Receiver radiated spurious emissions.20
8.1.1 Definition.20
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions .20
8.1.3 Limit.21
9 Measurement uncertainty.21
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .23
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.23
A.1.1 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .23
A.1.2 Test antenna.24
A.1.3 Standard position.24
A.1.4 Indoor test site .24
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .25
A.2.1 Measuring distance.25
A.2.2 Test antenna.25
A.2.3 Substitution antenna.26
A.2.4 Auxiliary cables.26
A.3 Alternative test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber .26
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber.26
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.27
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber.27
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods.29
B.1 Radiated measurements.29
Annex C (informative): Examples of modulation schemes.31
C.1 Pulse modulation.31
C.1.1 Definition.31
C.1.2 Typical operating parameters .31
C.2 Frequency modulated continuous wave .32
C.2.1 Definition.32
C.2.2 Typical operating parameters .32
C.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK).33
C.3.1 Definition.33
C.3.2 Typical operating parameters .34
C.4 PN-ASK (Pseudo-Noise Amplitude Shift Keying) 77 GHz.34
C.4.1 Definition.34
C.4.2 Typical operating parameters .35
Annex D (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p.36
D.1 Assumptions.36
D.2 Example.36
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.37
History .38

ETSI

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 5 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Where equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into vehicles, then it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval under directive 2004/104/EC [5]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
2004/104/EC [5] another EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Radar equipment operating in
the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to
77 GHz range";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 22 September 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 December 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 June 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 June 2007

ETSI

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 6 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Short Range Devices (SRD) intended for Road Transport and
Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications such as Automotive Cruise Control (ACC), Collision Warning (CW),
Anti-Collision (AC) systems, obstacle detection, Stop and Go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid and other
automotive applications.
The document applies to:
a) transmitters operating in the range from 76 GHz to 77 GHz;
b) receivers operating in the range from 76 GHz to 77 GHz.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for automotive radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas operating in the frequency range from 76 GHz to 77 GHz and references CEPT/ERC/ECC
Recommendation for SRDs, CEPT/ERC/ECC Recommendation 70-03 [1] and CEPT/ECC Decision (02)01 [2].
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers automotive radars for mobile applications in the frequency range from 76 GHz to 77 GHz.
It covers integrated transceivers and separate transmit/receive modules.
The present document covers only equipment for road vehicles.
There are two classes defined within the present document: Class 1 (e.g. FM, CW or FSK) and Class 2 (pulsed Doppler
radar only). The difference between the two class numbers is the permitted average power level.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
[1] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (2005): "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[2] CEPT/ECC/DEC(02)01: "ECC Decision of 15 March 2002 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the coordinated introduction of Road Transport and Traffic Telematic Systems".
[3] CISPR 16: "Specifications for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods".
[4] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[5] Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004, adapting to technical progress Council Directive
72/245/EEC, relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (OJL 337, 13.11.204).
ETSI

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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 7 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
[6] ETSI TR 102 273-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[7] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type
approval for radio equipment".
[8] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
antenna cycle: one complete sweep of a mechanically or electronically scanned antenna beam along a predefined
spatial path
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its 3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where no intentional emission occurs
duty cycle: the ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single given
frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or time gating
2
far field measurements: measurement distance should be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d = largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT and λ is the operating wavelength of the EUT
mean power: supplied from the antenna during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest
frequency encountered in the modulation taken under normal operating conditions
NOTE: For pulsed systems the mean power is equal the peak envelope power multiplied by the time gating duty
factor. For CW systems without further time gating the mean power is equal the transmission power
without modulation.
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
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SIST EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3:2007
 8 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak envelope power: mean power (round mean square for sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna
during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW.
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no emission occurs
radiated spurious emissions: Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and
the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions
include harmonic emissions, parasitic emission
...