ETSI ETS 300 454 ed.1 (1995-12)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Wide band audio links; Technical characteristics and test methods33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETS 300 454 Edition 13SIST ETS 300 454:1998en01-DYJXVW-19983SIST ETS 300 454:1998SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEANETS 300 454TELECOMMUNICATIONDecember 1995STANDARDSource: ETSI TC-RESReference: DE/RES-08-0304ICS:33.020,33.060.20Key words:audio, data, radio mic, testingRadio Equipment and Systems (RES);Wide band audio links;Technical characteristics and test methodsETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards InstituteETSI SecretariatPostal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCEOffice address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCEX.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.frTel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and theforegoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved.SIST ETS 300 454:1998New presentation - see History box

Page 2ETS 300 454: December 1995Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 3ETS 300 454: December 1995ContentsForeword.7Introduction.71Scope.92Normative references.93Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.103.1Definitions.103.2Symbols.103.3Abbreviations.114Functional characteristics.114.1Wide band audio link descriptions.115General.115.1Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.115.1.1Choice of model for type testing.125.1.2Definitions of alignment and switching ranges.125.1.3Definition of the categories of the alignment range (AR1 and AR2).135.1.4Choice of frequencies.135.1.5Testing of single channel equipment of category AR1.135.1.6Testing of single channel equipment of category AR2.135.1.7Testing of two channel equipment of category AR1.135.1.8Testing of two channel equipment of category AR2.135.1.9Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of categoryAR1.145.1.10Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of categoryAR2 where the switching range is less than the alignment range.145.1.11Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of categoryAR2 where the switching range is equal to the alignment range.145.1.12Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port.145.1.12.1Equipment with a permanent internal RF port.145.1.12.2Equipment with a temporary RF port.155.2Mechanical and electrical design.155.2.1General.155.2.2Limiting threshold.155.2.3Controls.155.2.4Integral antenna.155.2.5Marking (equipment identification).165.3Interpretation of the measurement results.166Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions.166.1Normal and extreme test conditions.166.2Test power source.166.3Normal test conditions.176.3.1Normal temperature and humidity.176.3.2Normal test power source voltage.176.3.2.1Mains voltage.176.3.2.2Nickel-Cadmium cells.176.3.2.3Other power sources.176.4Extreme Test Conditions.176.4.1Extreme temperatures.176.4.1.1 Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures.176.4.2Extreme test power source voltages.186.4.2.1Mains voltage.18SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 4ETS 300 454: December 19956.4.2.2Rechargeable battery power sources.186.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteries.186.4.2.4Other power sources.187General conditions.187.1Normal test modulation.187.2Artificial antenna.197.3Test fixture.207.4Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.207.5Modes of operation of the transmitter.207.6Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter.207.7Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver via a test fixture or a test antenna.208Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters.218.1Frequency error.218.1.1Definition.218.1.2Method of measurement.218.1.3Limit.218.2Carrier power.218.2.1Definition.218.2.2Method of measurement for equipment without integral antenna.218.2.3Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna.228.2.3.1Method of measurement under normal test conditions.228.2.3.2Method of measurement under extreme test conditions.228.2.4Limit.228.3Channel bandwidth.238.3.1Definition.238.3.2Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN).238.3.3Limits.248.4Spurious emissions.248.4.1Definitions.248.4.2Method of measuring the effective radiated power.248.4.3Limits.258.4.4Measuring receiver.258.5Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter.258.5.1Definitions.258.5.2Method of measurement.268.5.3Method of measurement for frequency changing.278.5.4Limits.279Receiver.279.1Spurious emissions.279.1.1Definitions.279.1.2Method of measuring the power level in a specified load.289.1.3Method of measuring the effective radiated power of the enclosure.289.1.4Method of measuring the effective radiated power.299.2Limits.2910Measurement uncertainty.29Annex A (normative):Radiated measurement.30A.1Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.30A.1.1Outdoor test site.30A.1.1.1Test support for body worn equipment.30A.1.1.2Standard position.31A.1.2Test antenna.31A.1.3Substitution antenna.31A.1.4Optional additional indoor site.32A.2Guidance on the use of radiation test sites.32A.2.1Measuring distance.33A.2.2Test antenna.33SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 5ETS 300 454: December 1995A.2.3Substitution antenna.33A.2.4Artificial antenna.33A.2.5Auxiliary cables.33A.3Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber.33A.3.1Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber.33A.3.2Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.34A.3.3Calibration of the shielded anechoic chamber.35Annex B (normative):Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN).37Annex C (informative):Graphic representation of the selection of equipment and frequencies fortesting of single and multi-frequency equipment.38History.40SIST ETS 300 454:1998

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Page 7ETS 300 454: December 1995ForewordThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment andSystems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).Every ETS prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. This ETS contains text concerning conformancetesting of the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered only as guidance and does notmake this ETS mandatory.Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.Annex B provides the test method for measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN).Transposition datesDate of adoption of this ETS:17 November 1995Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa):31 March 1996Date of latest publication of new National Standardor endorsement of this ETS (dop/e):30 September 1996Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow):30 September 1996Annex C presents a graphical representation of the equipment and frequencies for the testing of singleand multi-frequency equipment.IntroductionI-ETS 300 422 [1] has been a frame which led to many national prescriptions which differed, sometimessubstantially, between European countries and did not directly refer to wide band audio links. The rapidlyincreasing use of wireless microphones with increased power for bridging longer distances (hereafterreferred to as wide band audio links) in several European countries with different specifications, and theway forward to a Europe without borders, makes it necessary to set up common specifications.This ETS provides the necessary parameters for equipment to obtain common approval throughoutEurope. It should also make it easier for the frequency management authorities to find harmonizedfrequency allocations which, together with common technical specifications, will greatly reduce the presentproblems of multi-national use.In preparing this ETS, much attention has been given to assure a low interference probability, while at thesame time allowing a maximum flexibility and service to the end-user. The close relationship betweenradio microphones and wide band audio links has led to many identical characteristics. Nevertheless itwas found to be better to create a separate ETS due to the higher power and the many extra facilitieswhich were developed during recent years for this special use. This ETS does not include performancecharacteristics that may be required by the user or requirements for interfacing equipment.Type test measurements should be performed in one of the accredited test laboratories, accepted by thevarious National regulatory authorities in order to grant type approval, provided the National regulatoryrequirements are met. This is in compliance with CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03 [2].In addition, national administrations may accept a "certificate of conformity" based on a type test report. Ifequipment available on the market is required to be checked it should be tested in accordance with themethods of measurement specified in this ETS.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

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Page 9ETS 300 454: December 19951ScopeThis ETS specifies the minimum performance and the methods of measurement of wide band audio links.This ETS covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of theavailable frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by auser, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.This ETS applies to modulation systems operating on radio frequencies between 25 MHz and
3 GHz.Although analogue FM is at present used for the majority of wide band audio links, this ETS does notpreclude any other constant carrier modulation technique, e.g. Gaussian Filtered Minimum Shift Keying(GMSK) or Generalised Tamed Frequency Modulation (GTFM), provided that the modulation spectrum lieswithin the specified spectral mask.This ETS does not cover wide band audio links employing Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),frequency hopping and spread spectrum or similar forms of modulation.This ETS does not cover radiated emissions below 25 MHz. Specifications related to Electro-MagneticCompatibility (EMC) are contained within prETS 300 445 [3].This ETS has been developed from CEPT Recommendation T/R 20-06 [4].Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment intended to interface with the PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN). This facility may be submitted to regulatory conditions.This ETS may be used by accredited test laboratories for type testing of the equipment. The performanceof the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative for the performance of thecorresponding production models.This ETS also contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for type testing purposes.The types of equipment covered by this ETS are as follows (see clause 4):-professional wide band audio links for one-way transmission;-professional wide band audio links for two-way transmission;-professional wide band audio links with extra facilities.2Normative referencesThis ETS incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicationsapply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latestedition or the publication referred to applies.[1]I-ETS 300 422: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technicalcharacteristics and test methods for wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to3 GHz frequency range".[2]CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03: "Procedures for type testing and approvalfor radio equipment intended for non-public systems".[3]Final draft prETS 300 445: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)
standard for wireless microphones andsimilar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment".[4]CEPT Recommendation T/R 20-06: "Transmitters and receivers for low powercordless microphone systems".[5]ITU-R Recommendation 559-2: "Objective measurement of radio-frequencyprotection ratios in LF, MF and HF broadcasting".SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 10ETS 300 454: December 1995[6]IEC 244: "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters".[7]ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in themeasurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations3.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:carrier grid: An evenly spaced raster in a given frequency band for the allocation of carrier frequencies.The minimum distance of two carriers in use is a multiple of the raster dependent on type and usage of theequipment.channel bandwidth: A frequency band of defined width (as a multiple of the carrier grid) including safetymargin for operation on adjacent channels, located symmetrically around a carrier frequency in the carriergrid.conducted measurements: Those measurements which are made using a direct 50 W connection to theequipment under test.integral antenna: An antenna, with or without a connector, designed as, and declared as by themanufacturer, an indispensable part of the equipment.integral microphone: A microphone, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an indispensablefixed part of the equipment.limiter threshold: The audio input (output) level at which the transmitter audio limiter action may be saidto commence. It is specified with any accessible variable gain controls set according to the manufacturer'sinstructions, with a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz.occupied bandwidth: That part of the channel bandwidth which is required for the modulated signal.The occupied bandwidth has to be smaller than the channel bandwidth following standardized limits.port: A port is any connection point on or within the Equipment Under Test (EUT) intended for theconnection of cables to or from that equipment.radiated measurements: Those measurements which involve measurement of a radiated field.Radio Frequency (RF) port: An RF port is any connection point on or within EUT intended for theconnection of RF cable. The RF port will be treated as a 50 W connection point unless otherwise specifiedby the manufacturer.wide band audio link: A radio microphone of sufficient power to allow wireless (sometimes referred to aslink radio microphone) connection over greater distances mainly for portable use. It may include in onemechanical unit more transmitting and receiving facilities than only for high quality audio application.3.2SymbolsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following symbols apply:EField strengthEoReference field strength, annex ARDistance, annex ARoReference distance, annex ASIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 11ETS 300 454: December 19953.3AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:AR1Alignment Range category 1 (subclause 5.1.3)AR2Alignment Range category 2 (subclause 5.1.3)Bdeclared channel Bandwidth (see table 1)erpeffective radiated powerEMCElectro-Magnetic CompatibilityEUTEquipment Under TestGMSKGaussian Filtered Minimum Shift KeyingGTFMGeneralised Tamed Frequency ModulationPSTNPublic Switched Telephone NetworkRBWResolution BandWidthRFRadio FrequencyTDMATime Division Multiple AccessTxTransmitterVBWVideo BandWidthmPamicro Pascal4Functional characteristics4.1Wide band audio link descriptionsWide band audio links covered by this ETS are privately owned, and operated, communications systemsfor high quality reproduction of the audio input and/or related data or control signals. The equipmentoperates on a continuous carrier basis and will often be in operation for many hours. A wide band audiolink system will at least consist of one transmitter and the corresponding receiver. The number depends onthe application, e.g. live news contributions from a widespread area of an actual event may make itnecessary to use several systems on separate simultaneous frequencies.The radio part of the transmitter and receiver are made up exclusively from equipment that has beenapproved according to this ETS. When radio equipment or parts covered by other standards are includedin the wide band audio link these shall fulfil the specifications of the applicable standards. As an examplemodular solutions may include, beside the main wide band transmitter, an additional receiver for narrowband communication and/or a monitor receiver for foldback signals. At the receiver end of this link, a wideband receiver, coupled with a narrow band transmitter, would be required.Other equipment that may be connected to it shall fulfil the standards applicable to that equipment (if any).Wide band audio links normally use wide band frequency modulation to achieve the necessary audioperformance. For the majority of applications the modulated transmitter signal covers a bandwidth allowingchannel spacing of 200 kHz. This allows for the use of stereo multiplex encoded signals to transmit withoutthe need for two separate wide band channels.5General5.1Presentation of equipment for testing purposesEach equipment submitted for type testing shall fulfil the requirements of this ETS on all channels overwhich it is intended to operate.The applicant shall complete the appropriate application form when submitting equipment for type testing.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 12ETS 300 454: December 1995Table 1: Channel bandwidth designation (channel allocation within 25 kHz carrier grid)Declared channel bandwidthDesignation50 kHzL75 kHzM100 kHzP150 kHzQ200 kHzRThe applicant shall state:-the channel bandwidth(s) within which the equipment is designed to operate chosen from table 1;and-the audio input limiting threshold (see subclause 5.2.2).The applicant shall also supply all relevant interface information to allow:-dc connection;-RF connection;-audio connection;-the limiting threshold for the transmitter; and-the setting of any input audio - level controls for normal operation, for a sinusoidal input signal of500 Hz. The manufacturer shall specify the settings of any other controls necessary to avoidinvalidating the measurement.The applicant should also supply an operating manual for the device(s).To simplify and harmonise the type testing procedures between the different test laboratories,measurement shall be performed, according to this ETS, on samples of equipment defined insubclauses 5.1.1 to 5.1.12.2.For audio links which are intended to use a variety of audio capsules the manufacturer shall supply the testsample with an audio test fixture to substitute the audio capsule with suitable input and output impedances.These subclauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in this ETS have been metwithout the necessity of performing measurements on all channels.5.1.1Choice of model for type testingThe applicant shall provide one or more production model(s) of the equipment, including all antennaewhich are required to be covered by the type testing.If type approval is given on the basis of tests on a preliminary model, the corresponding production modelsshall be identical in all respects with the preliminary model tested.In the case of wide band audio link equipment without a permanent external RF port, (seesubclause 5.1.12).5.1.2Definitions of alignment and switching rangesThe applicant shall, when submitting equipment for test, state the alignment ranges for the receiver andtransmitter.The alignment range is defined as the frequency range over which the receiver and the transmitter can beprogrammed and/or realigned to operate with a single oscillator frequency multiplication, without anyphysical change of components other than:-programmable read only memories supplied by the manufacturer or the manufacturer's nominee;-crystals;-frequency setting elements (for the receiver and transmitter).SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 13ETS 300 454: December 1995The applicant shall also state the switching range of the receiver and the transmitter (which may differ).The switching range is the maximum frequency range over which the receiver or the transmitter can beoperated without reprogramming or realignment.5.1.3Definition of the categories of the alignment range (AR1 and AR2)The alignment range for the receiver and transmitter, which may be different, falls into one of twocategories, (see annex C):AR1this corresponds to a limit of less than or equal to 10 % of the highest frequency of the alignmentrange, which is equal to or less than 500 MHz, or less than 5 % where the highest alignmentfrequency is above 500 MHz; orAR2this corresponds to a limit of greater than or equal to 10 % of the highest frequency of the alignmentrange, which is equal to or less than 500 MHz, or greater than 5 % where the highest alignmentfrequency is above 500 MHz.5.1.4Choice of frequenciesThe frequencies for testing shall be chosen by the applicant, in accordance with subclauses 5.1.5 to5.1.11.5.1.5Testing of single channel equipment of category AR1Full tests shall be carried out on a channel within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the alignment rangeon one sample of the equipment.5.1.6Testing of single channel equipment of category AR2Three samples shall be tested. Tests shall be carried out on a total set of three channels.Sample one shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the alignment range.Sample two shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the alignment range.Sample three shall be within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the alignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on all three channels.5.1.7Testing of two channel equipment of category AR1One sample shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on both channels.The frequency of the upper channel shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the switchingrange. The frequency of the lower channel shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the switchingrange. In addition the average of the frequencies of the two channels shall be within 100 kHz of the centrefrequency of the alignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on both channels.5.1.8Testing of two channel equipment of category AR2Three samples of the equipment shall be tested. Tests shall be carried out on a total of four channels.The highest frequency of the switching range of one sample shall be within 100 kHz of the centrefrequency of the alignment range. The frequency of the upper channel shall be within 100 kHz of thehighest frequency of the switching range and the frequency of the lower channel shall be within 100 kHz ofthe lowest frequency of the switching range.Full tests shall be carried out on both channels.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 14ETS 300 454: December 1995The frequency of one of the channels of the second sample shall be within 100 kHz of the highestfrequency of the alignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.The frequency of one of the channels of the third sample shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency ofthe alignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.5.1.9Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of category AR1One sample of the equipment shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on three channels. Thecentre frequency of the switching range of the sample shall correspond to the centre frequency of thealignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on a frequency within 100 kHz of the centre, lowest and highest frequenciesof the switching range.5.1.10Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of category AR2 wherethe switching range is less than the alignment rangeThree samples of the equipment shall be tested. Tests shall be carried out on a total of five channels.The centre frequency of the switching range of one sample shall be within 100 kHz of the centre frequencyof the alignment range. The frequency of the upper channel shall be within 100 kHz of the highestfrequency of the switching range and the frequency of the lower channel shall be within 100 kHz of thelowest frequency of the switching range.Full tests shall be carried out on the centre and upper and lower channels.The frequency of one of the channels of the second sample shall be within 100 kHz of the highestfrequency of the alignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.The frequency of one of the channels of the third sample shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency ofthe alignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.5.1.11Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of category AR2 wherethe switching range is equal to the alignment rangeOne sample shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on three channels.The centre frequency of the switching range of the sample shall correspond to the centre frequency of thealignment range.Full tests shall be carried out on a frequency within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the switching rangeand within 100 kHz of the lowest and also within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the switching range.5.1.12Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF portTo facilitate relative measurements, use can be made of a test fixture as described in subclause 7.3 or theequipment can be supplied with a permanent internal or temporary internal/external RF port.5.1.12.1Equipment with a permanent internal RF portThe way to access a permanent internal RF port shall be stated by the applicant with the aid of a diagram.The fact that use has been made of the permanent internal RF port shall be recorded in the test report.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 15ETS 300 454: December 19955.1.12.2Equipment with a temporary RF portThe applicant shall submit two sets of equipment to the test laboratory, one fitted with a temporary 50 W RFconnector with the antenna disconnected and the other with the antenna connected. Each equipment shallbe used for the appropriate tests.The way the temporary RF port is implemented shall be stated by the applicant with the aid of a diagram.The fact that use has been made of the temporary RF port to facilitate measurements shall be stated in thetest report. The addition of a temporary RF port should not influence the performance of the equipmentunder test.5.2Mechanical and electrical design5.2.1GeneralThe equipment submitted by the applicant shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordancewith sound engineering practice, and with the aim of minimising harmful interference to other equipmentand services.5.2.2Limiting thresholdThe limiting threshold is defined as the minimum audio input level at which the slope of the audioinput/output transfer curve, with the levels expressed in dB, is greater or equal to 4:1 (see figure 1).For non-linear or companded systems, this point is determined with a complementary audio decodingmodule connected to the test demodulator. The measurement is made at 500 Hz with any user accessiblegain controls set according to the manufacturer's instructions._____|||||+ 100- 10- 20- 30- 30
- 20
- 10
0 dB(lim)
+ 10dB(Arbitrary reference)Audio outputlevel fromcomplimentaryaudio decodingcircuitsAudio input level to transmitter (dB relative to limiting threshold)Slope = 4:1Slope = 1:1Figure 1: Determination of audio input limiting thresholdIn the case of a transmitter designed for acoustical input only, with an integral microphone and no limiter, asound pressure of 128 dB relative to 20 mPa is regarded as the limiting threshold.5.2.3ControlsThose controls which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment shallonly be accessible by partial or complete disassembly of the device and requiring the use of tools.5.2.4Integral antennaType approval of equipment with integral antenna only applies to that equipment together with theantennas originally provided by the manufacturer for type testing.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 16ETS 300 454: December 19955.2.5Marking (equipment identification)The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible, tamper-proof and durable.The marking shall include:-the name of the manufacturer or his trade mark;-the type designation of the manufacturer;-serial number;-operational frequency range;-national and/or international marking;-modulation type;or a normally readable label, plus:-electronically, in a secure format, containing information as detailed above which is easily readableby either the receiver provided by the manufacturer or a reading system provided by themanufacturer with each transmitter.5.3Interpretation of the measurement resultsThe interpretation of the results recorded in the appropriate test report for the measurements described inthis ETS shall be as follows:-the measured value related to the corresponding limit will be used to decide whether an equipmentmeets the requirements of the ETS;-the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be separatelyincluded in the test report;-the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to orlower than the figures in the table of measurement uncertainty as in clause 10.6Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions6.1Normal and extreme test conditionsType tests shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme testconditions.The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in subclauses 6.2 to 6.4.2.4.6.2Test power sourceDuring type tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by a test power source, capable ofproducing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in subclauses 6.3.2 and 6.4.2. The internalimpedance of the test power shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For thepurpose of the tests, the voltage of the power source shall be measured at the input terminals of theequipment.For battery operated equipment, the battery shall be removed and the test power source shall be suitablyde-coupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiatedmeasurements any external power leads should be arranged so as not to affect the measurements.If necessary the external power supply may be replaced with its own internal batteries at the requiredvoltage, this shall be stated on the test report.If the equipment is provided with a power cable or power socket, the test voltage shall be that measured atthe point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.During tests the power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of < ± 1 % relative to the voltage at thebeginning of each test. The value of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using asmaller tolerance will provide a better uncertainty value for these measurements. If internal batteries areSIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 17ETS 300 454: December 1995used, at the end of each test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of < ± 1 % relative to the voltage at thebeginning of each test.6.3Normal test conditions6.3.1Normal temperature and humidityThe normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination oftemperature and humidity within the following ranges:-temperature:+ 15° to + 35°C;-relative humidity:20 % to 75 %.When it is impracticable to carry out the tests under the conditions stated above, a note to this effect,stating the actual temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.6.3.2Normal test power source voltage6.3.2.1Mains voltageThe normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage.For the purpose of this ETS, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage or any of the declaredvoltages for which the equipment was designed.The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 and 51 Hz.6.3.2.2Nickel-Cadmium cellsWhen the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of nickel-cadmium cell thenominal test voltage shall be 1,2 volts per cell.6.3.2.3Other power sourcesFor operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltageshall be that declared by the equipment manufacturer and approved by the test laboratory. Such valuesshall be stated in the test report.6.4Extreme Test Conditions6.4.1Extreme temperaturesFor tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the proceduresspecified in subclause 6.4.1.1, at the following temperatures:a)- 10°C;b)+ 45°C.6.4.1.1 Procedures for tests at extreme temperaturesBefore measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber.The equipment shall be switched off during the temperature stabilising period. If the thermal balance is notchecked by measurements, a temperature stabilising period of at least one hour shall be allowed.The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall becontrolled so that excessive condensation does not occur.Before tests at the higher temperatures, the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left untilthermal balance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on for one minute in the transmitcondition, after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

Page 18ETS 300 454: December 1995For tests at the lower extreme temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermalbalance is attained, then switched to the standby or receive condition for one minute after which theequipment shall meet the specified requirements.6.4.2Extreme test power source voltages6.4.2.1Mains voltageThe extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominalmains voltage ± 10 %.The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 and 51 Hz.6.4.2.2Rechargeable battery power sourcesWhen the radio equipment is intended for operation from nickel-cadmium cells, the extreme test voltageshall be 1,3 and 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery. For other types of battery the lower extremetest voltage for discharged condition shall be declared by the equipment manufacturer.6.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteriesThe lower extreme test voltages for equipment with power sources using primary batteries shall be asfollows:a)for the Leclanche' or the lithium type of battery:0,85 times the nominal voltage of the battery;b)for the mercury type of battery:0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery;c)for other types of primary batteries:end point voltage declared by the equipment manufacturer.No upper extreme test voltages apply.6.4.2.4Other power sourcesFor equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources,the extreme test voltages shall be those agreed between the equipment manufacturer and the testinglaboratory and shall be recorded with the results.7General conditions7.1Normal test modulationFor normal test modulation, the audio frequency shall be a sinusoidal tone of a 500 Hz, set at an input levelto the transmitter 8 dB below the audio limiting threshold defined in subclauses 5.1 and 5.2.2.For the purpose of determining the transmitter necessary bandwidth, coloured noise according toITU-R Recommendation 559-2 [5] shall be used, according to the method laid down in subclause 8.3.2.The resulting spectral distribution is shown in figure 2. This noise may be generated by a white noisesource followed by passive filter shown in figure 3.SIST ETS 300 454:1998

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